Effects of Cotton Fiber Fineness on the Physical Properties of Single Yarns

Purpose Like all other natural fibers, the physical properties of cotton also vary owing to changes in the related genetic and environmental factors, which ultimately affect both the mechanics involved in yarn spinning and the quality of the yarn produced. However, information is lacking about the degree of influence that those properties impart on the spinnability of cotton fiber and the strength of the final yarn. This paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes the application of discriminant analysis as a multivariate regression tool to develop the causal relationships between six cotton fiber properties, i.e. fiber strength (FS), fiber fineness (FF), upper half mean length (UHML), uniformity index (UI), reflectance degree and yellowness and spinning consistency index (SCI) and yarn strength (YS) along with the determination of the respective contributive roles of those fiber properties on the considered dependent variables. Findings Based on the developed discriminant function, it can be revealed that FS, UI, FF and reflectance degree are responsible for higher YS. On the other hand, with increasing values of UHML and fiber yellowness, YS would tend to decrease. Similarly, SCI would increase with higher values of FS, UHML, UI and reflectance degree, and its value would decrease with increasing FF and yellowness. Originality/value The discriminant functions can effectively envisage the contributive role of each of the considered cotton fiber properties on SCI and YS. The discriminant analysis can also be adopted as an efficient tool for investigating the effects of various physical properties of other natural fibers on the corresponding yarn characteristics.

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Influence of Cotton Fiber Strength and Fineness on Fiber Damage during Lint Cleaning

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/004051758805800801 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 58 (8) ◽

pp. 433-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

J. K. Dever ◽

J. R. Gannaway ◽

R. V. Baker

Keyword(s):

Significant Relationship ◽

Cotton Fiber ◽

Fiber Length ◽

Fiber Strength ◽

Fiber Breakage ◽

Fiber Damage ◽

Fiber Properties ◽

Fiber Fineness ◽

Wide Range ◽

Induced Changes

Seven sources of cotton representing a wide range of fiber properties were roller ginned, saw ginned, or saw ginned plus processed through tandem saw lint cleaners or through an aggressive carding-type cleaner (Cottonmaster1). Lint cleaner induced changes in fiber length and nep count were compared to fiber property measurements from roller ginned samples. Fiber length deterioration from saw ginning was negatively correlated with fiber strength. Fiber breakage in lint cleaning was positively correlated with fiber fineness. Resistance to fiber length damage in ginning was explained best by fiber strength and fineness, or an estimate of individual fiber strength. Initial and final nep level were related to fineness, nonlint content, and upper quartile length, but an increase in neps due to lint cleaning had no significant relationship to fiber properties.

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Determination of Approximate Cotton Fiber Fineness Using the Digital Fibrograph

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/004051757904900904 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 49 (9) ◽

pp. 512-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S.G. Nayar ◽

V.G. Munshi ◽

V. Syndaram

Keyword(s):

Cotton Fiber ◽

Fiber Fineness

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The Strength and Stretch of Double Texture Rubber Goods

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3535516 ◽

1930 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 531-543

Author(s):

T. M. Knowland

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Cotton Fiber ◽

Small Proportion ◽

Fiber Strength ◽

Woven Fabric ◽

Rubber Compound ◽

Textile Fibers ◽

Strength Based

Abstract RUBBER articles may be divided roughly into three classes: (1) pure gum, (2) hard rubber, and (3) various combinations of rubber and textile fibers. This latter class is the largest and possibly the most important of the group, and includes besides tires the bulk of mechanical goods, such as hose, belting and sheet goods of various kinds. Probably no combination of useful materials affords a wider range of possibilities than the various combinations of rubber and textile fibers. In rubber-textile combinations the cotton fiber is ordinarily used to impart tensile strength and to decrease the stretchiness of the product, while the attempt is made to retain at the same time as much resiliency as possible. Most of these combinations are of laminated construction, consisting of alternate layers of rubber compound and woven fabric, the physical properties being controlled by the construction of the fabric and the composition and cure of the rubber compound. Since cotton is usually more expensive on a volume basis than rubber, it is desirable to obtain the maximum tensile properties of the cotton fiber and to restrict its use as much as possible. That this is a difficult matter may be recalled when we compare the actual bursting strength of various mechanical goods with the so-called theoretical or calculated strength based on the additive strengths of the plied up fabrics in the fabricated article; it is at once apparent that only a small proportion of the fiber strength is effectively employed.

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Cotton Fiber Structure and Physical Properties Altered by Environment

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/004051756603600506 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 432-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

James N. Grant ◽

Rollin S. Orr ◽

Robert D. Powell

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Cotton Fiber ◽

Fiber Structure

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Chitosan coated cotton fiber: preparation and physical properties

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

10.1016/s0144-8617(00)00206-x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 233-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

X.D Liu ◽

N Nishi ◽

S Tokura ◽

N Sakairi

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Cotton Fiber ◽

Coated Cotton

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Production of New Cotton Interspecific Hybrids with Enhanced Fiber Fineness

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v8n2p46 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 46 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nacoulima Lalaissa Nafissatou ◽

Diouf Fatimata Hassedine ◽

Konan N’guessan Olivier ◽

Mergeai Guy

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Cotton Fiber ◽

Backcross Progeny ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Genetic Stock ◽

Fiber Fineness ◽

Genetic Stocks ◽

Gossypium Thurberi ◽

Tetraploid Progeny ◽

Gossypium Longicalyx

To improve cotton fiber fineness, the (Gossypium hirsutum L. × Gossypium longicalyx Hutch. & Lee)² allohexaploid and the [(Gossypium hirsutum L. × Gossypium thurberi Tod.)² × G. longicalyx] allotetraploid were backcrossed to G. hirsutum to produce introgressed genetic stocks. The ribbon width (RW) of 600 swelled fibers produced by the hybrids, their parents, and their backcross progeny were analyzed for each compared genotype using an optical microscope. The RWs varied between 6.41±2.15 µm for G. longicalyx to 17.45±2.98 µm for the G. hirsutum parent cultivar C2. Fibers produced by the trispecific hybrids and their progeny were finer than the bispecific hybrid material. For the introgressed stocks, the lowest RWs were observed for the trispecific hybrid (10.79±2.14 µm) and certain backcross progenies (between 11.98±1.27 µm to 12.71±1.61 µm). The allohexaploid RW was 13.58±1.41 µm. One of its tetraploid progeny produced approximately the same value (13.94±2.48 µm). These results show that G. longicalyx is a potential genetic stock for cotton fiber fineness improvement. The genetic stocks produced are valuable materials for improve the fineness of cotton fiber.

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Measurement comparison of cotton fiber micronaire and its components by portable near infrared spectroscopy instruments

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517515622153 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 57-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

James Rodgers ◽

Jimmy Zumba ◽

Chanel Fortier

Keyword(s):

Cotton Fiber ◽

Textile Industry ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Fiber Quality ◽

Nir Spectroscopy ◽

Fiber Properties ◽

Fiber Fineness ◽

Cotton Fiber Quality ◽

Fiber Processing ◽

Universal Nature

Micronaire is a key cotton fiber quality assessment property, and changes in fiber micronaire can impact fiber processing and dyeing consistency. Micronaire is a function of two fiber components—maturity and fineness. Historically, micronaire is measured in a laboratory under tightly controlled environmental conditions. There is increased interest by the cotton and textile industry to measure key fiber properties both in the laboratory and in-field (non-controlled conditions), using small portable near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy instruments. A program was implemented to determine the feasibility of using portable NIR instruments to monitor fiber micronaire, maturity, and fineness. Prior to outside the laboratory measurements (field, warehouse, etc.), laboratory feasibility was performed to assess the NIR instruments’ capabilities. Comparative evaluations for fiber micronaire, maturity, and fineness were performed on three portable NIR instruments. Instrumental, sampling, and operational procedures and protocols for each instrument were established. Although representing different measurement technologies, very good spectral agreement was observed between the portable NIR instruments and a bench-top NIR unit used as a comparison. Rapid (less than 3 minutes per sample), easy to use, and accurate measurements of fiber micronaire and maturity were achieved, with regressions ( R values) greater than 0.85, low residuals, and a low number of outliers observed for each NIR instrument. Improvements are required for the accurate measurement of fiber fineness by portable NIR instruments. Thus, for well-defined cotton fiber samples, the universal nature of the NIR measurement of cotton fiber micronaire and maturity by portable NIR instruments was validated.

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