Being visible in public space: The normalisation of asymmetrical visibility

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 984-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tali Hatuka ◽  
Eran Toch
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Android Application ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Online Tracking ◽  
Physical Spaces

Over recent decades, cities have been radically transformed by information and communication technologies (ICTs) that modify people’s daily lives by reorganising mobility, infrastructure systems and physical spaces. However, in addition to the role that technology plays in the development of the infrastructure in our cities, it is also being used ‘as a means of control’. This view of technology as a disciplinary tool that restructures space, time and the relations among activities has been promoted by scholars who have shown that technology is also a means of saturating and sustaining contemporary capitalist societies and deepening inequalities. However, the situation is far more complex than that. Technology is not only used top-down but also bottom-up, with individuals using technological devices to share and enhance their visibility in space. This bidirectional paradigm – of vertical surveillance and horizontal sharing – contributes to a sense of ‘being exposed’ in public space that normalises practices of sharing personal data by individuals and thus results in diminished privacy. This argument is supported by an experiment conducted on smartphone users that includes personal interviews and the use of a smartphone Android application that combines online tracking with experience sampling. The findings show a convergence between the online and offline worlds (a ‘public’ situation in the offline world is also considered as such in the online world), which is a condition that contributes to the normalisation of ‘asymmetrical visibility’. Based on these results, the paper ends with a discussion of the contemporary meaning of public space.

scholarly journals VIRTUAL NETWORK AS THE TECHNOLOGICAL LAYER OF THE PUBLIC SPACE AND ITS EFFECTS ON URBAN SPACES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-194
Author(s):  
Merve KAYA ◽  
Özlem KANDEMİR
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Virtual Network ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
Virtual Networks ◽  
The Public ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Physical Spaces

The physical and representational contents of the public space are in a dynamic evolving state with the changes in the social structure and urban structure. In the historical process, the phenomenon of public space has been affected by the developments experienced with the change in the way individuals establish relationships in public life. Today, this transformation has occurred through virtual networks with the development of information and communication technologies. The paper aims to understand the public sphere dynamics that have changed with information and communication technologies. Accordingly, it limits its scope on these questions: How virtual networks affect the representational form of public space? What are the spatial structuring of this new representational public realm? What effect does this transformation have on urban areas that are the physical spaces of public realm? The method of the study is to explain theoretical discussions by supporting examples. In this context, it has been found that virtual networks, known as a new form of public space, transform the representative and physical form of the public space in a multifaceted manner by relocating the way individuals communicate with each other on a virtual layer. In this virtual transformation, it has been seen that the representative public space is now formed on social networks and platforms and the spatial structuring of these areas is defined as virtual network. The effect of virtual networks on the physical spaces of the public realm is possible by clustering data about urban areas in these virtual environments. Therefore, the visibility of virtual networks on the physical spaces of the publicity takes place through the understanding of space usage; moreover, virtual network data, which hybridizes with contemporary urban areas, reveals new qualities in the sense of the city by embodying it through maps. The physical transformation of the public space with information and communication technologies is made possible by the use of virtual network data in the design processes of this new sensory city.

scholarly journals VIRTUAL NETWORK AS THE TECHNOLOGICAL LAYER OF THE PUBLIC SPACE AND ITS EFFECTS ON URBAN SPACES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-194
Author(s):  
Merve KAYA ◽  
Özlem KANDEMİR
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Virtual Network ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
Virtual Networks ◽  
The Public ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Physical Spaces

The physical and representational contents of the public space are in a dynamic evolving state with the changes in the social structure and urban structure. In the historical process, the phenomenon of public space has been affected by the developments experienced with the change in the way individuals establish relationships in public life. Today, this transformation has occurred through virtual networks with the development of information and communication technologies. The paper aims to understand the public sphere dynamics that have changed with information and communication technologies. Accordingly, it limits its scope on these questions: How virtual networks affect the representational form of public space? What are the spatial structuring of this new representational public realm? What effect does this transformation have on urban areas that are the physical spaces of public realm? The method of the study is to explain theoretical discussions by supporting examples. In this context, it has been found that virtual networks, known as a new form of public space, transform the representative and physical form of the public space in a multifaceted manner by relocating the way individuals communicate with each other on a virtual layer. In this virtual transformation, it has been seen that the representative public space is now formed on social networks and platforms and the spatial structuring of these areas is defined as virtual network. The effect of virtual networks on the physical spaces of the public realm is possible by clustering data about urban areas in these virtual environments. Therefore, the visibility of virtual networks on the physical spaces of the publicity takes place through the understanding of space usage; moreover, virtual network data, which hybridizes with contemporary urban areas, reveals new qualities in the sense of the city by embodying it through maps. The physical transformation of the public space with information and communication technologies is made possible by the use of virtual network data in the design processes of this new sensory city.

scholarly journals A Contemporary View on Online and Web Tools for Students with Sensory & Learning Disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Bravou ◽  
Athanasios S. Drigas
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Students With Special Needs ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Web Tools ◽  
Special Needs Education ◽  
Sensory Learning ◽  
Information And Communication

<p class="0abstract">In the last 30 years, the use of information and communication technologies, the evolution of hardware and software for special needs people, as well as the spreading of the World Wide Web, is assisting people with disabilities in overcoming obstacles, accessing information, learning and participating in activities, which otherwise were not able to carry out. Special needs education is the process adjusting the education of learners with disabilities according to their unique requirements. Evolvement of technology has made computers and mobile devices capable of complementing usual teaching processes for students with special needs. In this report we present a summary of some representative online applications for assisting disabled people in the learning process and their daily lives.</p>

Social Movements and Organizational Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-229
Author(s):  
Gerald F. Davis ◽  
Eun Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Movement Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Theories Of Change

Organizations are increasingly subject to political demands from outside actors and their own members. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are enabling a flourishing of grassroots social innovations and demands for justice that challenge traditional top-down theories of change. Over the past twenty years, scholars have found that social movement theory provides a useful approach to understanding movements within organizations, movements that target organizations, and movements that create organizations and industries. We review this recent work and propose an account that can help guide future research on the increasingly prevalent tide of politicallyoriented movements within organizations. We conclude that this is an especially promising domain for future research aimed at informing practice.

ICT Considerations for a Municipality in South Africa

2011 ◽  
pp. 1158-1170
Author(s):  
Udo Averweg ◽  
Siyabonga Manyanga
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Ict Adoption ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Internet Networks ◽  
Transfer Of Information

The availability of publicly accessible Internet networks and services are the first prerequisite in ensuring that all citizens and nations can benefit from information on the World Wide Web (UNESCO, 2003). Information and communication technologies (ICT) are playing an increasingly important role in the daily lives of citizens, revolutionising work and leisure and changing the rules of doing business. ICT encompass all technologies that facilitate the processing and transfer of information and communication services (United Nations, 2002). In the realm of government, ICT applications are promising to enhance the delivery of public goods and services to citizens not only by improving the process and management of government but also by redefining the traditional concepts of citizenship and democracy (Pascual, 2003). The spread of ICT brings hope that governments can transform (Pacific Council on International Policy, 2002). This article is organised as follows: • Background to the research is given • ICT adoption in the eThekwini Municipality in South Africa is described • The research goals, method, data gathering, and results are discussed • Management implications towards implementing a successful e-government strategy are given • Future trends are then suggested and a conclusion is given

scholarly journals The Impact of Mobile Phone Uses in the Developing World

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain K. Cibangu ◽  
Mark Hepworth ◽  
Donna Champion
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the rise of information and communication technologies (ICTs) contrasted with the dire living conditions of the world's poorest has been the subject of debate among industry and academia. However, despite the amount of writings produced on mobile phones, Western bias is surprisingly unbridledly prevailing alongside the fêted dissemination of mobile phones. Expansive literature tends to present the rapid adoption of mobile phones among rural individuals, with little to no indication of how local values and voices are respected or promoted. We undertook semi-structured interviews with 16 rural chiefs to inquire into ways in which mobile phones enabled socio-economic development in the rural Congo. Rather than using quantitative, large-scale, or top-down data, we sought to give voice to chiefs themselves about the role of mobile phones. We found that Western bias dominates the literature and deployment of mobile phones more than usually acknowledged. We suggested some paths forward, while bringing the African communal Utu or Ubuntu culture to the center stage.

scholarly journals Enhancing privacy in smart energy systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Dominik Engel
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Smart Energy Systems ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Ev Charging

AbstractThe mission to move from fossil to renewable energy sources is accompanied and enabled by the digitalization of our energy systems. With the introduction of information and communication technologies, the widespread integration of distributed, renewable sources, even in the distribution grid, are enabled. New use cases such as fast EV charging, local energy communities and dynamic energy tariffs are also enabled. However, this move toward digitalization also increases the exposure of the energy systems for cybercrime and raises concerns regarding the privacy of personal data. In this article, we address the issue of privacy in smart energy systems and give an overview of current methods to enhance privacy.

scholarly journals Models of educational integration of ICTs in the classroom

Comunicar ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (47) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Area-Moreira ◽  
Víctor Hernández-Rivero ◽  
Juan-José Sosa-Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Interactive Whiteboards ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Correlational Design ◽  
Educational Integration ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Competencia Digital

We present in this paper the results of a study analyzing the scope and use that teachers make of ICT in classrooms and schools with abundant availability of information and communication technologies: one computer per student, interactive whiteboards, multimedia projectors and internet access. The main goal of this study is to detect models or patterns of educational use of ICT resources available in classrooms related to some personal and professional characteristics of the teachers that took part in the study, such as gender, years of experience, educational stage, digital competence and degree of use of ICT in their daily lives. A descriptive correlational design based on a survey study answered by over 3160 teachers from all over Spain who participated in the School Program 2.0 was used. The results show two clear different patterns of ICT use according to frequency and type of tasks assigned to the students: a weak integration-teaching model against a strong educational integration of ICTs. We come to the conclusion that teachers who develop a model of intensive educational use of ICTs are teachers with many years of professional experience, that make regular use of ICTs and, moreover, perceive themselves as sufficiently trained and with a highly developed digital competence. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio que analizó el grado y tipo de utilización que el profesorado hace de las TIC en aulas con abundante disponibilidad de tecnologías de la información y comunicación: un ordenador por alumno, Pizarra Digital Interactiva, proyectores multimedia y acceso a Internet. El objetivo del estudio fue detectar modelos o patrones de uso didáctico de las tecnologías y relacionarlo con algunas características personales y profesionales del profesorado, tales como el género, los años de experiencia, la etapa educativa, la competencia digital y el grado de uso de las TIC en su vida cotidiana. Se empleó un diseño de tipo descriptivo correlacional basado en un estudio de encuesta donde respondieron más de 3.160 profesores de toda España que participaban en el Programa Escuela 2.0. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que existen dos tipologías nítidas de modelos de uso de las TIC en función de la frecuencia y el tipo de tarea demandada al alumnado: un modelo de integración didáctica débil frente a un modelo de integración didáctica intensa de las TIC. Asimismo, se concluye que el perfil del profesorado que desarrolla un modelo de uso didáctico intensivo de las TIC es un docente con bastantes años de experiencia profesional, ciudadano usuario habitual de las TIC y que, además, se percibe suficientemente formado y con competencia digital.

scholarly journals An Inquiry into Community Members’ Use and Attitudes toward Technology in Mishkeegogamang Tepacimowin Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie Gray-McKay ◽  
Kerri L. Gibson ◽  
Susan O'Donnell ◽  
The People of Mishkeegogamang
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Ict Use ◽  
The People ◽  
Information And Communication

Mishkeegogamang First Nation is a rural Ojibway community in Northwestern Ontario. Mishkeegogamang community members of all ages use a wide array of information and communication technologies (ICT) as tools in daily life, and as a means to support individual and community goals. This collaborative paper tells the story of how Mishkeegogamang uses ICT for community development, drawing on 17 interviews with community members, and several community member profiles. A basic descriptive quantitative analysis is also provided, giving information on frequency of use of a wide variety of technologies. Community informatics theory guides the interpretation of the findings. A broad range of ICT use by community members will be explored, including the Mishkeegogamang website, the busy yet invisible use of social networking sites, youth and ICT, ICT for health and education, and ICT to support traditional activities. Finally, a section on challenges and needs for facilitating ICT use is also provided. Mishkeegogamang has collaborated on a rich chronicle of its land and people in the Mishkeegogamang book: The Land, the People, and the Purpose (Heinrichs, Hiebert, & The People of Mishkeegogamang, 2009). This paper is conceptualised as a new chapter, documenting how community members use ICT in their daily lives and for community development. There have been no similar past explorations that have addressed this area. In addition, within the broader literature on First Nations in Canada, there have been few to no published accounts of community members’ perspectives and uses of ICT. This study is part of a broader collaborative research project called (First Nations Innovation), which explores how remote and rural First Nations are using information and communication technologies for community development.

scholarly journals Development of logical-mathematical thinking in first graders by using ict

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Hernando Sanabría-Pérez ◽  
María Eugenia Villamizar-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Mathematical Thinking ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Teaching Learning

Nowdays the implementation of teaching strategies, incorporating the most well-known Information and Communication Technologies such as ICT in the teaching-learning process have increased in different areas of knowledge, and mathematics is not exception, it allows the strengthening of logical-mathematical thinking in students and it is essential to start from the first grade of the basic primary. Taking in account that ICTs are now part of the daily lives of most of students, it was concluded that by taking advantage of the interest that students have in ICTs today, no matter their age, this interest can be channeled to strengthen logical-mathematical thinking from an early age, as ICTs allow the teaching-learning process to be more enjoyable and participatory, also the process can continue, outside the classroom.

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