scholarly journals Implications of technological change and austerity for employability in urban labour markets

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1638-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E Green
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Search Activity ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Recruitment And Selection

Over the last decade two key changes affecting employability, labour market operation and policy delivery are austerity and the expansion of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), especially web-based technologies. Increasingly, given pressures for cost savings and developments in ICT, employers’ recruitment and selection strategies are at least partly web-based, careers guidance and public employment services are moving towards ‘digital by default’ delivery and job seekers are expected to manage their job search activity and benefit claims electronically. So, what are the implications of austerity and technological change for employability? This article presents a critical review of the literature on ICT and its relation to, and implications for, employability in a context of austerity. A new framework for employability is presented and those aspects of employability where ICT plays a key role are highlighted. It is concluded that in the context of austerity and technological change more is demanded of individual job seekers/workers, as they are expected to take greater responsibility for their marketability in the labour market. This means that individuals’ attributes and skills are of enhanced importance in conceptualisations of employability. ICT skills have a key role to play in employability, but not at the expense of more conventional social skills which remain very important alongside digital literacy.

scholarly journals Cyclicality of labour market search: a new big data approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hutter
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Search Activity ◽  
Online Activity ◽  
Employment Agency ◽  
Search Intensity ◽  
Market Search ◽  
Employment Agencies

AbstractThis paper exploits big data on online activity from the job exchange of the German Federal Employment Agency and its internal placement-software to generate measures for search activity of employers and job seekers and—as a novel feature—for placement activity of employment agencies. In addition, the average search perimeter in the job seekers’ search profiles can be measured. The data are used to estimate the behaviour of the search and placement activities during the business and labour market cycle and their seasonal patterns. The results show that the search activities of firms and employment agencies are procyclical. By contrast, job seekers’ search intensity shows a countercyclical pattern, at least before the COVID-19 crisis.

Indigenous Job Search Behaviour

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Gray ◽  
Boyd Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Search Methods ◽  
Search Behaviour ◽  
Source Of Information

There have been a number of labour market programs that have attempted to increase rates of employment of Indigenous Australians by influencing job search behaviour. This paper provides the first ever baseline of data on the job search behaviour of Indigenous job seekers and how it compares to the job search of non-Indigenous job seekers. Clear differences between the job search behaviours of Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians are apparent. Indigenous Australians rely disproportionately on friends and relatives as a source of information about jobs, although their networks tend to have less employed members, and therefore are less effective than non-Indigenous networks in securing employment. Non-Indigenous job seekers are also more likely to use more proactive search methods than are Indigenous job seekers.

scholarly journals Study and Research Paths to Improve Web-Based Inquiry Learning: Study Case of an ICT Course in Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Andreu Moreno ◽  
Elena Bartolomé
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Inquiry Learning ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Learning Study ◽  
Search Activity ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Traditional Course ◽  
Information Research ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Study Process

Many active, inquiry-based learning activities nowadays rely upon the students’ capacity to perform efficient information research on the Internet. Study and Research Paths (SRPs) have been proposed to model inquiry learning, and successfully used as teaching formats in different areas. In an SRP the search for an answer to a generating question (Q0) leads to a sequence of derived questions and answers, which are modeled using a Q–A map. We have investigated the benefits of using SRPs and Q–A maps to improve Web-based inquiry learning. We designed an SRP for a course on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), belonging to an Engineering degree. The class-session SRPs revolved around Q0 questions such as ‘What is a «firewall»?’, ‘What are the main features of 5G?’ etc. Our results, based on the analysis of six courses conducted between 2015/16–2020/21, show that the SRP is an enriching tool for learning ICT: content expands beyond that of the traditional course and is maintained up-to-date. Students are engaged and motivated by the active-search activity. In addition, the SRP helps in improving the students’ skills in searching and selecting information on the Internet. The Q–A maps served both the students, to structure their Web inquiry, and the teacher, to monitor the learning study process.

scholarly journals LABOUR MARKET TENDENCIES IN THE ERA OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianna Csugány ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
International Trends ◽  
Routine Tasks

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, technological change is also transforming the labour market. Technological and structural unemployment is simultaneously present in the economy, as well as the labour shortage causes many problems for the firms. The labour market has to respond to both demographic and technological change, while workers’ expectations and workers’ preferences are transformed in the digital era. The biggest fear in the new technological era is related to robots, which generate the loss of jobs because they can substitute human resources in an efficient way. Technological changes typically threaten lower-skilled workers doing routine tasks, while the need for a high-skilled workforce combined with creativity is increasing. This asymmetry of training already appeared in the earlier industrial revolution, but nowadays digital literacy, as well as the technological knowledge necessary for the operation of machines and equipment, are becoming a basic skill, so new competence requirements are formulated for the employees. In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, not only robots cause problems in the global labour market, but also international trends that cause major transformation in both the supply and demand side of the labour market. Effective labour market adaptation to technological change can be the key to competitiveness in the new technological era. This research aims to provide a short analysis of the differences in the European labour market in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The labour demand and supply will be analysed in order to highlight the main tendencies related to the qualitative features of labour market in the new technological era.

Great Candidates Fast: On-line Job Application and Electronic Processing

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Bingham ◽  
Sherrie Ilg ◽  
Neil Davidson
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Application System ◽  
Hiring Managers ◽  
Job Candidates ◽  
On Line ◽  
Internet Application ◽  
Recruitment And Selection

The state of Washington Department of Personnel has recently launched a new Internet based tool to provide hiring managers throughout state government with virtually instant certification of highly qualified candidates for employment. The new Internet Application system allows simultaneous on-line application submittal, screening and testing, scoring and notification, eligibility list placement, and referral for interview. It is a revolutionary improvement over the traditional recruitment and selection system, and reduces recruitment cycle time from several weeks to one or two hours. Certifications are tailored to fit key skill requirements provided by the hiring manager and can be customized for each position. The Internet Application system provides job seekers a very convenient and easy-to-use means for submitting an application from any place, at any time. The implementation of this initiative is crucial to fulfilling one of the Department's highest priority goals of having high quality, diverse, and available job candidates ready for managers to hire in the shortest time possible. Internal operational efficiencies and cost savings are other key benefits of the new Internet Application system.

scholarly journals Anonymity or Distance? Job Search and Labour Market Exclusion in a Growing African City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girum Abebe ◽  
Stefano Caria ◽  
Marcel Fafchamps ◽  
Paolo Falco ◽  
Simon Franklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
African City ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Job Application ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
The Cost

Abstract We show that helping young job-seekers signal their skills to employers generates large and persistent improvements in their labour market outcomes. We do this by comparing an intervention that improves the ability to signal skills (the ‘job application workshop’) to a transport subsidy treatment designed to reduce the cost of job search. In the short-run, both interventions have large positive effects on the probability of finding a formal job. The workshop also increases the probability of having a stable job with an open-ended contract. Four years later, the workshop significantly increases earnings, job satisfaction, and employment duration, but the effects of the transport subsidy have dissipated. Gains are concentrated on individuals who generally have worse labour market outcomes. Overall, our findings highlight that young people possess valuable skills that are unobservable to employers. Making these skills observable generates earnings gains that are far greater than the cost of the intervention.

Employed Job Seekers and Job-to-Job Search

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy R. Boswell ◽  
Richard G. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Search Behavior ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Search Activity ◽  
Job Search Behavior ◽  
Employee Withdrawal ◽  
Turnover Models

The purpose of this chapter is to review and integrate the existing research on job-to-job search behavior. The authors provide an overview of the various job-search and employee withdrawal/turnover models followed by a review of the prior empirical findings on the processes, antecedents, and outcomes of job-search behavior within the context of employed individuals. An important focus of this paper is the authors’ explicit focus on the varying objectives an employee may have for engaging in job-search activity. The chapter concludes by discussing developing issues in this research area and offering directions for future research to enhance our understanding of job-to-job search behavior.

scholarly journals ICTs and the Urban-Rural Divide: Can Online Labour Platforms Bridge the Gap?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Braesemann ◽  
Vili Lehdonvirta ◽  
Otto Kässi
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Rural Counties

Information and communication technologies have long been predicted to make cities as hubs of economic organisation obsolete and spread economic opportunities to rural areas. However, the actual trend in the 21st century has been the opposite. Knowledge spillovers have fuelled urbanisation and pulled job-seekers into large cities, increasing the gap to deprived rural areas. We argue that new assemblages of technologies and social practices, so-called ’online labour platforms’, have recently started to counter this trend. By providing effective formal and informal mechanisms of enforcing cooperation, these platforms for project-based remote knowledge work enable users to hire and find work across distance. In analysing data from a leading online labour platform in more than 3,000 urban and rural counties in the United States, we find that rural workers made disproportionate use of the online labour market. Rural counties also supplied, on average, higher skilled online work than urban areas did. However, many of the most deprived regions of the country did not participate in the online labour market at all. Our findings highlight the potentials and limitations of such platforms for regional economic development.

scholarly journals I've booked you a place, good luck: Applying behavioral science to improve attendance at high-impact job recruitment events

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sanders ◽  
Elspeth Kirkman
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Search Activity ◽  
Welfare Benefit ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Job Recruitment

Finding a job, especially in a recovering or uncertain economy, is challenging. Jobseekers Allowance (JSA) welfare benefit claimants in the United Kingdom have many competing options available to them in terms of how they direct their efforts in looking for work. Jobcentres, the organizations that support job seekers, have very strong links to the labor market and often run recruitment events in direct partnership with large employers seeking to hire in bulk. Attendance at these events, or any other specific job search activity, is typically low. This article reports the results of a randomized control trial designed to test the effectiveness of mobile phone text messaging in compelling jobseekers to attend such events. Tailored text messages are found to significantly increase the likelihood of attendance. We find text messages to be particularly effective when they seek to induce reciprocity and address low morale in the recipient. 

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