scholarly journals LABOUR MARKET TENDENCIES IN THE ERA OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianna Csugány ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
International Trends ◽  
Routine Tasks

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, technological change is also transforming the labour market. Technological and structural unemployment is simultaneously present in the economy, as well as the labour shortage causes many problems for the firms. The labour market has to respond to both demographic and technological change, while workers’ expectations and workers’ preferences are transformed in the digital era. The biggest fear in the new technological era is related to robots, which generate the loss of jobs because they can substitute human resources in an efficient way. Technological changes typically threaten lower-skilled workers doing routine tasks, while the need for a high-skilled workforce combined with creativity is increasing. This asymmetry of training already appeared in the earlier industrial revolution, but nowadays digital literacy, as well as the technological knowledge necessary for the operation of machines and equipment, are becoming a basic skill, so new competence requirements are formulated for the employees. In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, not only robots cause problems in the global labour market, but also international trends that cause major transformation in both the supply and demand side of the labour market. Effective labour market adaptation to technological change can be the key to competitiveness in the new technological era. This research aims to provide a short analysis of the differences in the European labour market in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The labour demand and supply will be analysed in order to highlight the main tendencies related to the qualitative features of labour market in the new technological era.

scholarly journals HUMAN CAPITAL AND ITS ROLE IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelyzaveta Snitko ◽  
Yevheniia Zavhorodnia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The development of a modern economy, in the context of the fourth industrial revolution, is impossible without the accumulation and development of human capital, since the foundation of the transformation of the economic system in an innovative economy is human capital. In this regard, the level of development and the efficiency of using human capital are of paramount importance. This article attempts to assess the role of human capital in the fourth industrial revolution. In the future, human talent will play a much more important role in the production process than capital. However, it will also lead to a greater division of the labor market with a growing gap between low-paid and high-paid jobs, and will contribute to an increase in social tensions. Already today, there is an increase in demand for highly skilled workers, especially in high-income countries, with a decrease in demand for workers with lower skills and lower levels of education. Analysis of labor market trends suggests that the future labor market is a market where there is simultaneously a certain demand for both higher and lower skills and abilities, combined with the devastation of the middle tier. The fourth industrial revolution relies heavily on the concept of human capital and the importance of finding complementarity between human and technology. In assessing the impact of the fourth industrial revolution, the relationship between technology, economic growth and human resources was examined. The analysis was carried out in terms of three concepts of economic growth, technological change and human capital. Human capital contributes to the advancement of new technologies, which makes the concept of human capital an essential factor in technological change. The authors emphasize that the modern economy makes new demands on workers; therefore it is necessary to constantly accumulate human capital, develop it through continuous learning, which will allow the domestic economy to enter the trajectory of sustainable economic growth. The need to create conditions for a comprehensive increase in the level of human capital development is noted.

scholarly journals The fourth industrial revolution and labour market regulation in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-363
Author(s):  
Peter Waring ◽  
Azad Bali ◽  
Chris Vas
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Labour Market Regulation ◽  
Social Safety Nets ◽  
Large Survey

The race to develop and implement autonomous systems and artificial intelligence has challenged the responsiveness of governments in many areas and none more so than in the domain of labour market policy. This article draws upon a large survey of Singaporean employees and managers (N = 332) conducted in 2019 to examine the extent and ways in which artificial intelligence and autonomous technologies have begun impacting workplaces in Singapore. Our conclusions reiterate the need for government intervention to facilitate broad-based participation in the productivity benefits of fourth industrial revolution technologies while also offering re-designed social safety nets and employment protections. JEL Codes: J88, K31, O38, M53

scholarly journals MENGGALI PENGALAMAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI BERBASIS INTERNET DALAM MEMPERSIAPKAN INDONESIA MENUJU INDUSTRI 4.0

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-196
Author(s):  
Annisa Reginasari ◽  
Verdiantika Annisa
Keyword(s):  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Digital System ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Digital Gap

AbstrakTren penggunaan sistem digital berbasis internet merupakan salah satu karakteristik kehadiran era revolusi industri ke empat. Adanya kesenjangan digital khususnya di Indonesia menjadi permasalahan tersendiri. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menggali sejauhmana pengalaman partisipan terhadap penggunaan sistem digital berbasis internet di lingkungan kerja dan pendidikan; dan mengetahui harapan individu bagi pengembangan penggunaan sistem digital berbasis internet di masa yang akan datang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi  yang fokus pada esensi pemahaman tentang pengalaman individu. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam kepada 2 orang partisipan dan jajak pendapat pertanyaan setengah terbuka (open-ended quesionnaire) kepada 41 orang partisipan baik di lingkungan kerja maupun instansi pendidikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengalaman positif dan negatif dalam menggunakan sistem digital berbasis internet. Kondisi ini dipengaruhi oleh besarnya keinginan menggunakan sistem digital berbasis internet yang tidak diingiri dengan optimalisasi penerapan sistem teknikal dan kemampuan dalam literasi digital.  AbstractThe trend of the application of internet-based digital system is one of the characteristics of the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution era. The presence of digital gap especially in Indonesia has become a particular issue. This research is aimed to discover how far the experiences of participants regarding the utilization of internet-based digital system for in work and education environments; and to discover the hopes of individuals for future development of internet-based digital system. This research was using qualitative approach through phenomenological method which focused on the essence of understanding regarding individual experiences. Data were collected through depth interview towards 2 participants and open-ended questionnaire towards 41 participants either in work environment or educational institution. The research results have indicated that there are positive and negative experiences in the application of internet-based digital system. Positive experiences occur from high benefits which acquired from the application of internet-based digital system. While negative experiences occur from the high desire to use internet-based digital system which not adjusted to the optimization of technical system implementation, the policy digital system application and the capability in digital literacy. These condition become the hope of individuals for internet-based digital system in the future.

scholarly journals Local Productive Systems’ Transitions to Industry 4.0+

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13052
Author(s):  
Marco Bellandi ◽  
Lisa De Propris
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sustainability Transitions ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Productive Systems

The paper is positioned in the emerging debate on the technological change brought about by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, often referred to as Industry 4.0. Our analysis is at the local, sub-national level. The aim is to explore what drivers and barriers local productive systems might face when seeking to embark on transitions that reconcile smart, equitable, and sustainable priorities, under enhanced models called Industry 4.0+. The novelty of the paper is to develop such models by designing a conceptual framework that juxtaposes the drivers and the barriers of sustainability transitions with local productive systems. This novel framework suggests possible pathways that local productive systems can initiate to achieve more equitable and green outcomes for their economy and society by directing the development of digital-related solutions.

The new concept of quality in the digital era: a human resource empowerment perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Balouei Jamkhaneh ◽  
Arash Shahin ◽  
Sahar Valipour Parkouhi ◽  
Reza Shahin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Human Aspects

PurposeThis study aims to identify the drivers of human resource empowerment in understanding the new concept of Quality 4.0 in the digital era.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the literature of quality management evolution in the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) and the position of the required workforce in Quality 4.0 were reviewed and then by using the opinions of experts and managers of Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS) firms, a set of driver effects on the readiness and ability of human resources was identified in the context of Quality 4.0. After identifying the drivers, cause-and-effect relationships among these drivers were investigated using the Grey DEMATEL technique.FindingsA total of 29 Quality 4.0 drivers of readiness and workforce ability were identified, based on multiple interactions of quality management in different stages of the production cycle. They were divided into new valuation approaches, composite dimensions, team creativity and thorough inspection. “Technical abilities and capability to solve problems” was identified as the most significant driver.Practical implicationsFindings help KIBS firms to take necessary measures and plans. Consequently, they can increase the readiness and ability of human resources based on the changes in managing Quality 4.0. Also, considering the importance of each driver, they will be able to take a step towards total quality improvement.Originality/valueDespite extensive research on the subject of the fourth Industrial Revolution, research on the human aspects required for managing Quality 4.0 is limited. This study was performed to examine the cause-and-effect relationships between human resource drivers to adapt to the changes in Quality 4.0.

scholarly journals Human Capital Formation During the First Industrial Revolution: Evidence from the use of Steam Engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 829-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra de Pleijt ◽  
Alessandro Nuvolari ◽  
Jacob Weisdorf
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Synthetic Indicator ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Rock Strata ◽  
Carboniferous Rock

Abstract We examine the effect of technical change on human capital formation during England's Industrial Revolution. Using the number of steam engines installed by 1800 as a synthetic indicator of technological change and occupational statistics to measure working skills (using HISCLASS), we establish a positive correlation between the use of steam engines and the share of skilled workers at the county level. We use exogenous variation in carboniferous rock strata (containing coal to fuel the engines) to show that the effect was causal. While technological change stimulated the formation of working skills, it had an overall negative effect on the formation of primary education, captured by literacy and school enrolment rates. It also led to higher gender inequality in literacy.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN LITERASI DIGITAL SEKOLAH, SISWA DAN GURU

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Asyti Febliza ◽  
Oktariani Okatariani
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Question Item ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

This study aims to develop digital literacy instruments for schools, teachers and students whose function is to measure the extent of the digital literacy levels of schools, teachers, and students. It is not possible for a school to follow the development of science and technology if the school's potential is inadequate and its human resources are not ready. Therefore, the development of digital literacy instruments needs to be made in order to identify the level of readiness of schools, teachers and students in facing the digital era in the industrial revolution 4.0. Subjects of the study were 90 respondents consisting of 30 teachers and 60 students in SMA Negeri 14 Pekanbaru. The questionnaire that was made was first validated by 2 expert validators, after being declared valid by the expert validator, then the questionnaire was conducted a limited test to calculate the level of validity and reliability of each question item. The questionnaire uses a Likert scale with 3 categories of answer choices (often, rarely, never or there is, is being planned, no, etc.). Based on the results and conclusions, conclusions can be drawn, namely: the items that can be used as data collection tools on the school digital literacy questionnaire instrument are 23 questions, while the items that can be used as data collection tools on the teacher's digital literacy questionnaire are 52 items and instrument digital student literacy questionnaire as many as 31 questions. Based on the reliability criteria, the three digital literacy questionnaires show high and very high reliability criteria with a reliability level greater than 0.684.

scholarly journals THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND EMPLOYMENT MODIFICATION IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Emiliia Prushkivska ◽  
Artem Tkachuk
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

Purpose. The aim of the article is to assess the impact of Industry 4.0 on employment in Ukraine and the world. The following tasks are set to achieve this goal: to analyse the historical impact of industrial revolutions on employment, including the characteristics of changes in its structure, as well as professional composition; highlight how the fourth industrial revolution differs from the previous three; consider the structure of available vacancies in Ukraine and assess how the national labour market is subject to automation. Methodology of research. This article uses the historical and logical unity method to analyse the impact of industrial revolutions on employment, as well as a comparison method to highlight the distinguishing features of Industry 4.0. A graphical method is applied to assess the sectorial structure of vacancies prone to automation in Ukraine. Findings. Industry 4.0 has been found to have common and distinctive features of the impact on employment with the previous three industrial revolutions. The structure of employment at different historical stages is analysed. It was found out that its structure is actively changing now; new professions and whole branches of application of human labour are appearing. The structure of the labour market in Ukraine is considered. It has been proved that Industry 4.0 can exacerbate inequalities between different sections of the population and lead to the disappearance of a large number of occupations, which today employ half of the workforce of national economies. Originality. An analytical approach to the definition of professions that are most prone to automation in the context of the fourth industrial revolution in the Ukrainian labour market has received further development. This approach simultaneously takes into account modern foreign practices and the national statistical base. Practical value. The obtained results in the course of the study can be used in the development of state programs to support employment in the national economy. Since people will require retraining and additional training due to the special propensity of their professions to automation and computerization. In addition, the obtained data can be used to determine the priority areas of state funding for educational institutions, which in the future will reduce youth unemployment. Key words: employment, the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, national economy, influence, industry structure, automation, computerization.

scholarly journals A South African Public Law Perspective on Digitalisation in the Health Sector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoz Cachalia ◽  
Jonathan Klaaren
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
South African ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Law ◽  
The South ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution

We explored some of the questions posed by digitalisation in an accompanying working paper focused on constitutional theory: Digitalisation, the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ and the Constitutional Law of Privacy in South Africa. In that paper, we asked what legal resources are available in the South African legal system to respond to the risk and benefits posed by digitalisation. We argued that this question would be best answered by developing what we have termed a 'South African public law perspective'. In our view, while any particular legal system may often lag behind, the law constitutes an adaptive resource that can and should respond to disruptive technological change by re-examining existing concepts and creating new, more adequate conceptions. Our public law perspective reframes privacy law as both a private and a public good essential to the functioning of a constitutional democracy in the era of digitalisation. In this working paper, we take the analysis one practical step further: we use our public law perspective on digitalisation in the South African health sector. We do so because this sector is significant in its own right – public health is necessary for a healthy society – and also to further explore how and to what extent the South African constitutional framework provides resources at least roughly adequate for the challenges posed by the current 'digitalisation plus' era. The theoretical perspective we have developed is certainly relevant to digitalisation’s impact in the health sector. The social, economic and political progress that took place in the 20th century was strongly correlated with technological change of the first three industrial revolutions. The technological innovations associated with what many are terming ‘the fourth industrial revolution’ are also of undoubted utility in the form of new possibilities for enhanced productivity, business formation and wealth creation, as well as the enhanced efficacy of public action to address basic needs such as education and public health.

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