The Use of Extended Family Groups in the Achievement of Social Goals: Some Policy Implications

An extensive literature has documented the conflict between employment and household responsibilities and its impacts on the gendered patterns of daily activities in dual-earner households. However, most studies have focused exclusively on the division of household labour in nuclear households, with insufficient attention paid to the impact of alternative household strategies such as co-residence with extended family members. This article investigates the extent to which the presence of elderly parents shifts gendered activity patterns and even reduces the gender inequality in time use in urban China. By drawing on an activity diary survey conducted in Beijing in 2012, we compare and contrast the gendered patterns in time use between nuclear family households and extended family households. We find that co-residence mitigates the tension between employment and household responsibilities for women and leads to greater gender equality in the division of household labour and a reduced gender gap in the time spent on employment. However, co-residence only enables women to shift their time allocation from household responsibilities to employment rather than to pursue discretionary activities, and therefore its positive role is limited. We further discuss the policy implications given the limitations of intergenerational co-residence as an individual-based solution for childcare and other social services in transitional urban China.

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Report of a ‘Bookflood’ in an Outstation School

The Aboriginal Child at School ◽

10.1017/s0310582200014759 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 28-42

Author(s):

P. Beattie

Keyword(s):

Small Groups ◽

Extended Family ◽

Northern Territory ◽

Family Groups

In the Northern Territory there are an estimated 400 Outstation or Homeland Centre communities, 63 of which have requested some form of schooling. These are family groups ranging from approximately 12 to 35 in size who, since the 1970’s, have been returning to live on land with which they have a traditional affiliation. Typically, the families are small groups consisting of the clan leader or traditional landowner and members of his immediate and extended family.

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The neglected victims: what (little) we know about child survivors of domestic homicide

Children Australia ◽

10.1017/cha.2019.19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (03) ◽

pp. 121-125

Author(s):

Peter Mertin

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Foster Care ◽

Extended Family ◽

Family Members ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Traumatic Experience ◽

Domestic Homicide ◽

Child Survivors ◽

Educational Functioning ◽

Safety And Stability

AbstractThe murder of a child’s mother in the context of domestic violence is a traumatic experience which results in multiple stresses affecting the child’s emotional, behavioural and educational functioning. In effect, children lose both parents – their mother as victim and their father in jail or also dead from a murder-suicide – as well as their home, neighbourhood and school as they are relocated, either with extended family members or placed into foster care. In addition, extended family members must cope with their own grief and anger as they attempt to parent these troubled children. Evidence from the papers reviewed indicate that there are no guidelines for determining who is best placed for caring for the children and for providing the safety and stability necessary for recovery, nor for ensuring the provision of therapeutic support for child survivors and their families. There is also evidence to indicate that, left untreated, effects can become long-lasting and carry on into adulthood. Policy implications are considered with a focus on multi-agency family-centred advocacy approaches.

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Community Infrastructuring as Necessary Ingenuity in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Educational Researcher ◽

10.3102/0013189x20957614 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (7) ◽

pp. 518-523

Author(s):

Day Greenberg ◽

Angela Calabrese Barton ◽

Carmen Turner ◽

Kelly Hardy ◽

Akeya Roper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Local Community ◽

Extended Family ◽

Community Center ◽

Community Partners ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Family Groups

We report on how one community builds capacity for disrupting injustice and supporting each other during the COVID-19 crisis. We engaged long-term community partners (parents, their youth, and local community center leaders) in on-going conversation on their experiences with the pandemic. We learned with and from community partners about how and what people in communities most vulnerable in this crisis learn about and respond to COVID-19 in highly contextualized ways, individually and through extended family groups and trusted social networks. We report on how they put understandings towards educated, organized, urgent community infrastructuring actions within informal coalition networks. We explore these actions as necessary localized responses to systemic neglect from dominant institutional infrastructures during a global pandemic.

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Ecology and social behaviour of the Mongolian gerbil: a generalised review

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/1568539x-bja10128 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-39

Author(s):

Vladimir S. Gromov

Keyword(s):

Mongolian Gerbil ◽

Social Behaviour ◽

Extended Family ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Typical Feature ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Published Data ◽

Mongolian Gerbils ◽

Social Monogamy ◽

Family Groups

Abstract The present review provides a compilation of the published data on the ecology and social behaviour of Mongolian gerbils. Behavioural observations in the wild show that the Mongolian gerbil is a diurnal social rodent living in extended family groups. Seasonal breeding is typical of Mongolian gerbils in their natural habitat. Social monogamy seems to be characteristic of the Mongolian gerbil reproductive strategy, which however does not exclude facultative polygyny and promiscuity. A typical feature of the space use system in this species is territoriality. Social relationships in family groups may be defined as a subordination hierarchy. The hierarchy order is primarily determined by the age of the animals and maintained chiefly by the subordinates’ behaviour patterns. The complex social organisation in the Mongolian gerbil is characterised by cooperation in different activities. Cooperation appears to enhance the survival of family groups of this species under the extreme climatic conditions of Central Asia.

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Concordance of Helicobacter pylori infection among children in extended-family homes

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268805005352 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 134 (3) ◽

pp. 450-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

P. K. GARG ◽

S. PERRY ◽

L. SANCHEZ ◽

J. PARSONNET

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Low Income ◽

Extended Family ◽

Infection Risk ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽

Interpersonal Contact ◽

Nuclear Families ◽

High Concordance ◽

H Pylori ◽

Family Groups

Helicobacter pylori is transmitted within households and high concordance is observed among siblings. To better understand the contributions of close interpersonal contact and family relatedness to transmission, we compared concordance of H. pylori infection among 241 sibling and non-sibling children aged 2–18 years in 68, predominantly low-income, Hispanic households with at least two nuclear families. Prevalence of H. pylori infection was 24%. Compared to children with no infected siblings or non-siblings and adjusting for age, odds of H. pylori infection were 1·2 (95% CI 0·52–2·9), 3·2 (95% CI 1·14–9·1), and 9·4 (95% CI 3·1–28·5) for children residing with at least one infected non-sibling, one infected sibling, and with at least one infected sibling and non-sibling, respectively. The study further implicates intersibling transmission as a pathway for H. pylori infection in childhood. In addition, living with a non-sibling in extended-family homes may contribute to infection risk but only in households with prevalent H. pylori infection within all family groups.

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Family dynamics reveal that female house mice preferentially breed in their maternal community

10.1101/2021.01.29.428775 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julian C. Evans ◽

Anna K. Lindholm ◽

Barbara König

Keyword(s):

Breeding Success ◽

Family Dynamics ◽

Extended Family ◽

Large Population ◽

Wild Mouse ◽

House Mice ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Dynamic Community Detection ◽

Family Groups

AbstractWhether females breed in their natal group is an important factor in the evolution of extended families in animal sociality. Breeding in natal groups comes with clear costs and benefits, depending on size of the group and presence of older relatives, including mothers. Studying individual decisions about whether to stay or leave can provide insight into the mechanisms and trade-offs governing the formation and structure of family groups. We investigated the family dynamics of a large population of free-ranging commensal house mice. Using dynamic community detection on long term datasets, we determined which females first bred in their natal group. We then looked at how this influenced breeding success. We found most females (77%) exhibited strong philopatry, breeding in their natal groups. Whether a female bred elsewhere was only predictable when natal groups were extremely small and related or large and unrelated. Despite this preference, breeding elsewhere made no difference in how quickly and successfully a female bred. However, presence of their mother did lead females to breed sooner when born during high breeding activity, when competition over reproduction is high. Based on these results, potential loss of fitness does not seem to be the main driver of philopatry in female house mice. The effect of the presence of mothers may indicate retaining prior social connections is an important benefit of breeding in the natal group. Mothers providing benefits also suggests lack of conflict between generations, which is likely an important attribute in the development of extended family groups.Lay summaryWhether animals breed in the group they are born in influences how they form extended family groups. Whether females stay will depend on properties such as presence of older relatives, including mothers. Using long-term wild mouse data, we track groups and which group females bred in. Most stayed, but leaving didn’t reduce breeding success. Presence of mother, who generally stayed, did lead to earlier breeding. This might be a key advantage to remaining to breed.

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Extended Kin and Children’s Behavioral Functioning: Family Structure and Parental Immigrant Status

10.31235/osf.io/r479e ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jeehye Kang ◽

Philip N. Cohen

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

Family Structure ◽

Living Arrangements ◽

Extended Family ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Immigrant Status ◽

Documentation Status ◽

Married Parent ◽

And Behavior

Using the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (L.A. FANS), this paper examines the association between the presence of co-resident extended kin and children’s internalizing and externalizing behaviors. The paper demonstrates the differential role of extended kin by family structure, as well as across parental immigrant status – specifically, nativity and documentation status. Children in the sample were found to be disadvantaged in extended family households, especially with regard to internalizing behaviors. This disadvantageous association was found mostly among married-parent extended family households, whereas there was no association between the presence of extended kin and behavior problems in children from single-parent families. This pattern emerged more clearly among children of documented immigrants, compared to those with native-born parents and those whose parents were unauthorized immigrants. These findings suggest a need to modify previous theories on extended family living arrangements; they also provide policy implications for immigrant families.

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What Does It Mean to Be Social? Defining the Social Landscape for Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2020_persp-19-00116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 843-852 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nancy Tarshis ◽

Michelle Garcia Winner ◽

Pamela Crooke

Keyword(s):

Social Development ◽

Social Goals ◽

Apraxia Of Speech ◽

Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽

Social Competencies ◽

The Social ◽

Social Landscape ◽

Communication Challenges ◽

Primary Focus ◽

Speech Motor

Purpose What does it mean to be social? In addition, how is that different from behaving socially appropriately? The purpose of this clinical focus article is to tackle these two questions along with taking a deeper look into how communication challenges in childhood apraxia of speech impact social competencies for young children. Through the lens of early social development and social competency, this clinical focus article will explore how speech motor challenges can impact social development and what happens when young learners miss early opportunities to grow socially. While not the primary focus, the clinical focus article will touch upon lingering issues for individuals diagnosed with childhood apraxia of speech as they enter the school-aged years. Conclusion Finally, it will address some foundational aspects of intervention and offer ideas and suggestions for structuring therapy to address both speech and social goals.

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