scholarly journals A Note on the Identification of Common Geographies

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Slez ◽  
Heather A. O’Connell ◽  
Katherine J. Curtis

Areal data have been used to good effect in a wide range of sociological research. One of the most persistent problems associated with this type of data, however, is the need to combine data sets with incongruous boundaries. To help address this problem, we introduce a new method for identifying common geographies. We show that identifying common geographies is equivalent to identifying components within a k-uniform k-partite hypergraph. This approach can be easily implemented using a geographic information system in conjunction with a simple search algorithm.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3847
Author(s):  
Yosoon Choi

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-based technology and methodology for collecting, managing, analyzing, modeling, and presenting geospatial data for a wide range of applications [...]


2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Graser ◽  
Johanna Schmidt ◽  
Florian Roth ◽  
Norbert Brändle

Origin–destination flow maps are a popular option to visualize connections between different spatial locations, where specific routes between the origin and destination are unknown or irrelevant. Visualizing origin–destination flows is challenging mainly due to visual clutter which appears quickly as data sets grow. Clutter reduction techniques are intensively explored in the information visualization and cartography domains. However, current automatic techniques for origin–destination flow visualization, such as edge bundling, are not available in geographic information systems which are widely used to visualize spatial data, such as origin–destination flows. In this article, we explore the applicability of edge bundling to spatial data sets and necessary adaptations under the constraints inherent to platform-independent geographic information system scripting environments. We propose (1) a new clustering technique for origin–destination flows that provides within-cluster consistency to speed up computations, (2) an edge bundling approach based on force-directed edge bundling employing matrix computations, (3) a new technique to determine the local strength of a bundle leveraging spatial indexes, and (4) a geographic information system–based technique to spatially offset bundles describing different flow directions. Finally, we evaluate our method by applying it to origin–destination flow data sets with a wide variety of different data characteristics.


2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 992-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Abed ◽  
Isam Kaysi

This paper focuses on a new definition of urbanization trends by investigating the concept of a fuzzy urban boundary (UB) that assigns different membership levels to urbanized aggregates based on a proposed composite index. The research work builds on this logic to investigate a new approach in defining urbanized areas by compounding the characteristics of the fuzzy density of an urban agglomeration with land use variation and intensity of economic activity. Spatial overlaying capabilities of geographic information system (GIS) are used to model the urbanization trend in the case study of Greater Beirut. The UB is defined using a multispectral high resolution visible (HRV) Satellite Pour L'observation de la Terre (SPOT) satellite image. The challenges of urban modelling using satellite images are addressed through an investigative approach in cartographic feature extraction and delineation of the urban agglomeration. This entails image treatment of the spot HRV image, defining internal characteristics of the urban agglomeration and constructing spatially continuous socio-economic data sets that can be combined with the digital remotely sensed image.Key words: fuzzy logic, GIS, remote sensing, spatial urban modelling, urban boundary, urbanization trends.


2020 ◽  
pp. 214-223
Author(s):  
Diana Chelpanova

Digital technologies have contributed to the formation of a new theoretical and methodological approach to the study of society and they influenced the development of a new branch of knowledge i.e. digital sociology. The purpose of this article is to analyze the opportunity of using a geographic information system (ArcGIS) for the analysis of statistical data of the facts of protests which took place in Rostov Region over the past ten years (2009–2018). Street protests, rallies, demonstrations, strikes are the main barometer of the social and political tension of a society, an important indicator of the existence of social problems and contradictions that require solutions. The article provides an overview of existing databases, the methodology for the creation of the geographic information system “Protest activity of Rostov region” and the opportunity of its use, which generally depend on research goals and objectives. This product allows identifying the structure of social protest, its qualitative and quantitative characteristics, its dynamics in time and space with the visualization of the main trends and so on. The visualization of the centers of the social and political tension in the form of ready made electronic maps contributes to deeper understanding of political, social, economic or environmental processes that take place in the Don region at different times. The authors draw the conclusion that the GIS developed for this research provides an opportunity to identify latent threats and risks that can destabilize the social situation in Rostov region, and accordingly adjust the regional policy. The geographic information system “Protest activity of Rostov region” can be used both by researchers and experts from a wide range of scientific organizations and by authorities of various administrative levels.


Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Shuhong Xu

With the development and application of information technology, the digitization of information management and the virtualization of physical models have become very important technical application fields in the world. The establishment of the 3D landscape model and the realization of the 3D geographic information system (GIS) are based on this, and there is not only a wide range of development prospects in many aspects such as urban planning and management, planning and design, local government construction, housing industry development, land monitoring and management, and environmental monitoring and evaluation. There are not only research studies and formulations but also a practical significance in other analysis, evaluation, decision making, and other departments. In recent years, the research of 3D city modeling has been developed rapidly, and most of the existing 2D-GIS can be transformed into 3D visual landscape. Based on the three-dimensional geographic information system and desktop drawing software AutoCAD, this paper takes the two-dimensional line drawing (DLG) of a residential district as the base map, expounds the design process of the three-dimensional simulation model of the urban community from the aspects of map preprocessing, building simulation model construction, texture mapping, and virtual visualization, and discusses the problems encountered in it. The main contributions of this paper are that this technology puts forward a new solution for the integrated corridor operation and maintenance management, greatly improves the intelligent management level of the integrated corridor operation and maintenance work, and simplifies the complex integrated corridor operation and maintenance management. It is helpful to improve the work efficiency of operation and maintenance, reduce the dependence of personnel, and respond to the long-term construction needs of the smart city at the same time.


Author(s):  
Brent A. Jones

Many smaller pipeline operating companies see the benefits of implementing a Geographic Information System (GIS) to organize pipeline data and meet the requirements of 49 CFR 195, but cannot justify the cost of a large-scale AM/FM/GIS system. PPL Interstate Energy Company (PPL IE) is a pipeline company with 84 miles of main that implemented a GIS solution that leverages both existing technology and facility data investments. This paper discusses the process used to acquire landbase data, to organize existing pipeline data from a variety of paper-based and digital sources, and to integrate these data sets. It will also discuss the functionality and benefits of the resultant GIS.


2013 ◽  
Vol 411-414 ◽  
pp. 440-443
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang Zheng ◽  
Bing Luo ◽  
Zheng Guang Hu ◽  
Zhong Liang Lv

Meteorology Geographic Information System (MeteoGIS) is a professional meteorological GIS platform with completely independent intelligent properties. It fully utilizes the national innovative GIS technologies in the meteorological scenario; MeteoGIS supports multiple databases, browsers and a variety of development environments, has a good cross-platform capability. It also has a massive vector and raster data management and distribution capacity. MeteoGIS extends the meteorological data models and data sets, and is able to produce meteorological thematic maps, layout and printing. It has integrated algorithms for meteorological applications and special-use analysis. The platform is comprised of development kits, data engine, desktop software, and Web development platforms.


2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 05001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anghesom Gehbrehiwot ◽  
Dmitry Kozlov

Correct assessment of river flow is necessary to resolve a wide range of problems in the management and use of water resources. Recently, research towards the use of geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) coupled with other conceptual models approach for flood prediction from ungauged catchments has been intensified. Widespread accessibility to geographic information system and remotely sensed imagery which are powerful tools for acquiring model inputs is one possible reason. This study, therefore, aims at direct surface runoff (DSRO) prediction using the geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph based Nash model (GIUH-Nash) from ungauged catchment. DEM obtained from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) having 30 m resolution is used to generate the catchment’s physiographic and geomorphologic characteristics with the help of quantum geographic information system (QGIS). Based on this information, the GIUH-Nash model is used to simulate DSRO for different storm events. A visual comparison of observed values to predicted values of the runoff hydrographs as well as statistical indices shows that DSRO could be predicted with reasonable accuracy provided complete understanding of the model development and it’s evaluation procedures are properly followed. In respect of this, some key aspects that affect the performance of the model have been suggested.


2002 ◽  
Vol 1804 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
Kai Han ◽  
Jeannette Montufar ◽  
Scott Minty ◽  
Alan Clayton

Transportation analysis involving multiple jurisdictions requires data sharing and spatial data interoperability among geographic information system (GIS) data sets. Data sharing and spatial data interoperability issues related to multijurisdictional transportation analysis are discussed. Specific techniques based on practical data-sharing, problem-solving experience are developed. To further enhance the data-sharing process, a conceptual framework is established to guide technique implementations. Regional GIS transportation (GIS-T) platforms integrated from various data sources by applying the framework and the associated techniques are also presented. To better support different transportation applications, an open GIS-T platform is proposed, consisting of a series of customized base maps, each tailored to suit individual applications and, as a whole, linked together by inherently established interoperability.


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