Directiveness and Authoritarianism: Some Research Findings and a Critical Reappraisal

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Duckitt
Keyword(s):  
Valid Measure ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Authoritarian Personality ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Scale Measure

Resulting from a cogent critique of the F scale as a measure of personality, Ray (1976) has proposed his ‘directiveness’ scale as a behaviourally valid measure of authoritarian personality. Research using this scale has suggested that authoritarian personality and the endorsement of authoritarian attitudes or ideology may be quite unrelated. This was supported by the present study which found no relationship between directiveness and either intolerant and negative attitudes towards homosexuals or an F scale measure of authoritarian attitudes. The conceptualizations of authoritarianism of Ray and Adorno et al. (1950) were then briefly reviewed and it was suggested that they appear to be quite distinct. It was therefore concluded that research using Ray's directiveness scale does not invalidate the theory of the authoritarian personality and that the development of a behaviourally valid measure of authoritarian personality as conceptualized by Adorno et al. remains a major research priority.

scholarly journals Doctors’ maintenance of professional competence: a qualitative study informed by the theory of planned behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anél Wiese ◽  
Emer Galvin ◽  
Janet O’Farrell ◽  
Jantze Cotter ◽  
Deirdre Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Meaningful Engagement

Abstract Background Medical regulators worldwide have implemented programmes of maintenance of professional competence (MPC) to ensure that doctors, throughout their careers, are up to date and fit to practice. The introduction of MPC required doctors to adopt a range of new behaviours. Despite high enrolment rates on these programmes, it remains uncertain whether doctors engage in the process because they perceive benefits like improvements in their practice and professional development or if they solely meet the requirements to retain medical registration. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between doctors’ beliefs, intention and behaviour regarding MPC through the lens of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to make explicit the factors that drive meaningful engagement with the process. Methods We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. From a pool of 1258 potential participants, we purposively selected doctors from multiple specialities, age groups, and locations across Ireland. We used thematic analysis, and the TPB informed the analytic coding process. Results Forty-one doctors participated in the study. The data analysis revealed doctors’ intention and behaviour and the factors that shape their engagement with MPC. We found that attitudes and beliefs about the benefits and impact of MPC mediated the nature of doctors’ engagement with the process. Some participants perceived positive changes in practice and other gains from participating in MPC, which facilitated committed engagement with the process. Others believed MPC was unfair, unnecessary, and lacking any benefit, which negatively influenced their intention and behaviour, and that was demonstrated by formalistic engagement with the process. Although participants with positive and negative attitudes shared perceptions about barriers to participation, such perceptions did not over-ride strongly positive beliefs about the benefits of MPC. While the requirements of the regulator strongly motivated doctors to participate in MPC, beliefs about patient expectations appear to have had less impact on intention and behaviour. Conclusions The findings of this study broaden our understanding of the determinants of doctors’ intention and behaviour regarding MPC, which offers a basis for designing targeted interventions. While the barriers to engagement with MPC resonate with previous research findings, our findings challenge critical assumptions about enhancing doctors’ engagement with the process. Overall, our results suggest that focused policy initiatives aimed at strengthening the factors that underpin the intention and behaviour related to committed engagement with MPC are warranted.

scholarly journals Concrete-encased CFST structures: behaviour and application

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Hai Han ◽  
Dan-Yang Ma ◽  
Kan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Bond Performance ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Static Performance ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Subway Stations

Concrete-encased CFST (concrete-filled steel tube) is a kind of composite structure comprised of a CFST component and a reinforced concrete (RC) component. The concrete encased CFST possesses superior ductility and higher stiffness. They are gaining popularity in high-rise buildings, large-span structures, bridges, subway stations and workshops. This paper initially reviews the recent research on concrete-encased CFST structures. The major research findings on bond performance, static performance, dynamic performance and fire resistance are presented. This paper also outlines some construction considerations, such as the utilization of materials, the fabrication of the steel tube, and the methods of casting the inner and outer concrete. Finally, some typical practical projects utilizing concrete-encased CFST members are presented and reviewed.

scholarly journals Human and long-tailed macaque conflict in Central Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 06011
Author(s):  
Wahyuni Fitria ◽  
Azis Nur Bambang ◽  
Jafron Wasiq Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Human Conflict ◽  
Determinant Factor ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Long-tailed macaques are highly adaptive in various types of habitats. Their behaviour who are accustomed to living in groups with specific activities greatly affects the home range in getting food. They have ecological and cultural values for a particular community; unfortunately, it was well known as an agricultural crop pest. Quality of the habitat to be one determinant factor of macaques disruptions. The purposes of the study are to understand the conditions of conflict humans and macaques in Central Java that used as a reference in determining solutions. Data analyzed descriptively from various reports and research findings. The data collected identified from 2011 to 2019. Disturbance of long-tailed macaque in Central Java occurs at least 15 regencies with the population reaching thousands of individuals of damage to crops and even enter settlements. The macaque's behaviour that is considered detrimental causes conflicts with humans which at the end, creating various handling efforts ranging from expulsion to hunting. Some research findings show that people's perceptions of wild animals will affect efforts to resolve or mitigate the problem of human conflict with wildlife and negative attitudes can cause adverse effects for conservation efforts.

scholarly journals Eye movements in vocabulary research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Pellicer-Sánchez ◽  
Anna Siyanova
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Auditory Input ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Formulaic Sequences ◽  
Online Processing ◽  
Research Findings

Abstract The field of vocabulary research is witnessing a growing interest in the use of eye-tracking to investigate topics that have traditionally been examined using offline measures, providing new insights into the processing and learning of vocabulary. During an eye-tracking experiment, participants’ eye movements are recorded while they attend to written or auditory input, resulting in a rich record of online processing behaviour. Because of its many benefits, eye-tracking is becoming a major research technique in vocabulary research. However, before this emerging trend of eye-tracking based vocabulary research continues to proliferate, it is important to step back and reflect on what current studies have shown about the processing and learning of vocabulary, and the ways in which we can use the technique in future research. To this aim, the present paper provides a comprehensive overview of current eye-tracking research findings, both in terms of the processing and learning of single words and formulaic sequences. Current research gaps and potential avenues for future research are also discussed.

Commonsense and Research Findings in Personality

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
High School ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
True False

A total of 377 high school and college students completed the Personality Research Test, a 60-item true-false exam concerning research findings reported in psychology of personality textbooks. The results suggest that much of what personality textbooks purport to teach undergraduates about research findings in the area may already be known to them through common informal experiences.

Conclusion, Limitations, and Future Research

2013 ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Research Findings

This chapter summarizes the major research findings of this study based on the empirical test results throughout the previous chapters. The contributions and limitations of this research are also addressed. The study concludes by proposing several valuable directions for future research.

A review and analysis on growth and optical absorption properties of silicon nanowire array for photovoltaic applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (30) ◽  
pp. 1530007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Sharma ◽  
Lalit Kumar Dusad
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Silicon Nanowires ◽  
Silicon Nanowire ◽  
Nanowire Array ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Silicon Nanowire Array ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Experimental Approaches

In this paper, optical absorptions in silicon nanowires (SiNWs) arrays obtained from theoretical studies and experimental approaches have been reviewed. A brief description on the different growth techniques for SiNW arrays reported so far is presented. Comparative analysis based on major research findings has been done and the advantages of SiNW-based solar cells over thin film solar cells are presented. Furthermore, future aspects of the use of SiNWs for photovoltaic applications are discussed.

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