The Development and Validation of a Subtle Racism Scale in South Africa

Research on the concept of symbolic or modern racism has shown that transparent and obvious measures of traditional racism no longer adequately reflect racial prejudice in many American sub-populations. There are indications that this may also be the case for certain segments of the white South African population, particularly in the case of university students who have been the typical subjects of research on prejudice. Traditional measures of prejudice may also be viewed as offensive by subjects and elicit antagonistic reactions. The present study therefore set out to develop and validate a new, more indirect, and subtle measure of anti-black racial prejudice designed to overcome these problems. The results ( N = 217) indicated that the Subtle Racism scale was unidimensional, highly reliable, and showed powerful associations with a number of validity criteria. It clearly outperformed a more traditional measure of racism in all respects.

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The emergence of cardiovascular disease during urbanisation of Africans

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2001299 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 5 (1a) ◽

pp. 239-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 142

Author(s):

HH Vorster

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

South Africa ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

South African ◽

African Population ◽

Published Data ◽

South African Population ◽

Population Groups ◽

South Africans ◽

Black South Africans

AbstractObjective:To review the available data on risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the influence of urbanisation of Africans on these risk factors, and to examine why stroke emerges as a higher risk than ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in the health transition of black South Africans.Design:A review of published data on mortality from and risk factors of CVD in South Africans.Setting:South Africa.Subjects:South African population groups and communities.Methods:The available data on the contribution of stroke and IHD to CVD mortality in South Africa are briefly reviewed, followed by a comparison of published data on the prevalence and/or levels of CVD risk factors in the different South African population groups. The impact of urbanisation of black South Africans on these risk factors is assessed by comparing rural and urban Africans who participated in the Transition and Health during Urbanisation of South Africans (THUSA) study.Results and conclusions: The mortality rates from CVD confirmed that stroke is a major public health problem amongst black South Africans, possibly because of an increase in hypertension, obesity, smoking habit and hyperfibrinogenaemia during various stages of urbanisation. The available data further suggest that black South Africans may be protected against IHD because of favourable serum lipid profiles (low cholesterol and high ratios of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and low homocysteine values. However, increases in total fat and animal protein intake of affluent black South Africans, who can afford Western diets, are associated with increases in body mass indices of men and women and in total serum cholesterol. These exposures may increase IHD risk in the future.

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The Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on the First COVID-19 Epidemic Wave in South Africa

10.1101/2021.06.29.21259625 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thabo Mabuka ◽

Nesisa Ncube ◽

Michael Ross ◽

Andrea Silaji ◽

Willie Macharia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

South African ◽

African Population ◽

South African Population ◽

Seir Model ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact ◽

Epidemic Wave ◽

Pharmaceutical Interventions ◽

Excess Deaths

On the 5th of March 2020, South Africa reported its first cases of COVID-19. This signalled the onset of the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in South Africa. The response by the Government of South Africa to the COVID-19 epidemic in South Africa was the use of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). In this study, a semi-reactive COVID-19 model, the ARI COVID-19 SEIR model, was used to investigate the impact of NPIs in South Africa to understand their effectiveness in the reduction of COVID-19 transmission in the South African population. This study also investigated the COVID-19 testing, reporting, hospitalised cases and excess deaths in the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in South Africa.

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Retracted: Supracondylar Osteochondroma in a Black South African Population

Anatomy Journal of Africa ◽

10.4314/aja.v8i1.183971 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1482-1485

Author(s):

David A. Ofusori ◽

Omobola A. Komolafe ◽

Sunday A Ajayi ◽

Adeleke A. Abiodun

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

South African ◽

African Population ◽

South African Population ◽

Black South African ◽

The Right ◽

Gross Examination

This journal has been retracted by the Editor.Osteochondroma is a condition characterized by a benign outgrowth of bone on the surface of another bone. The present study reports the presence of osteochondroma in the supracondylar region of the right femur of a Black South African during a routine osteological study. The diameter of the exostosis measured 15.7 mm at the tip and 26.3 mm at the base. The exostosis is about 30.8 mm from the base of the epicondyle. It is 24.8 mm in length. Gross examination suggests a feature of osteochondroma.Keywords: Femur, Osteochondroma, South Africa, tumor

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Anthocyanin polymorphism in seedlings of Eucalyptus fastigata Deane & Maid

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9820501 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 501 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

MD Wilcox

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

New Zealand ◽

South African ◽

New South ◽

African Population ◽

South African Population ◽

Purple Colour ◽

Mean Frequency ◽

Intermediate Phenotypes ◽

South Wales

The undersurface of the cotyledons and first few pairs of leaves of Eucalyptus fastigata seedlings is coloured either green or purple with very few intermediates. The purple colour is assumed to be due to pigmentation by anthocyanins. The frequency of purple, green and intermediate phenotypes was recorded in seedlots of 105 open- pollinated families of five native Australian provenances; one exotic population from South Africa and four exotic populations from New Zealand. The purple phenotype was predominant in the Australian seedlots from the higher altitude, inland provenances of the species' range and in the South African population. The provenance from Tallaganda State Forest in New South Wales showed the highest mean frequency (93%) of purple phenotypes. The green phenotype was prevalent in the New Zealand exotic populations, attaining a frequency of 100% in some, and was also predominant in the provenance from Robertson, N.S.W.

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A unique fingerprint? Factors influencing attitudes towards science and technology in South Africa

South African Journal of Science ◽

10.17159/sajs.2016/20160093 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol Volume 112 (Number 7/8) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lars Guenther ◽

Peter Weingart ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

South African ◽

Scientific Literacy ◽

Science And Technology ◽

Research Field ◽

African Population ◽

Future Research ◽

The South ◽

South African Population ◽

Attitudes Towards Science

Abstract From an international perspective, research in the field of public attitudes towards science and technology has been conducted since the 1970s. A frequently proposed – and empirically supported – theory is that strong interest in and knowledge about science in a society is associated with more favourable attitudes towards science. This positive attitude in turn affects support for public funding of science. However, this research field is not without controversy, and for the South African population many questions remain unanswered. Initial research has not explored the factors that shape attitudes towards science and technology in detail. We re-analysed data from the Human Sciences Research Council to explore the above theory. Interestingly, for the South African population, higher levels of scientific literacy and use of information sources are associated with more promises but also more reservations towards science and technology. This is especially true for relatively young and educated survey respondents. In international comparison, South Africa shows a unique fingerprint to some extent, but also shares characteristics with industrially developing countries of Europe (such as Greece or Portugal). To understand the correlations better, future research should aim to examine the overall picture when investigating the diverse South African population more extensively.

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Prevalence and correlates of pre-diabetes in adults of mixed ethnicities in the South African population: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048266 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. e048266

Author(s):

Aubrey Mbulelo Sosibo ◽

Nomusa Christina Mzimela ◽

Phikelelani Siphosethu Ngubane ◽

Andile Khathi

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Systematic Review ◽

South African ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

African Population ◽

The South ◽

South African Population ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

Registration Number

IntroductionPre-diabetes is a metabolic condition characterised by moderate glycaemic dysregulation and is a front-line risk factor to multiple metabolic complications such as overt diabetes. To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first systematic review and meta-analysis that focuses on generating a comprehensive pooling of studies that report on the pre-diabetes prevalence in South Africa. Therefore, the review’s purpose will be to screen and elect reports that can be used to synthesise and provide the best estimate prevalence and correlate of pre-diabetes in the South African population.Methods and analysisTo determine the prevalence and correlates of pre-diabetes in South African, we will search PubMed, Embase and African Journal online for published or unpublished studies reporting the prevalence of pre-diabetes in South Africa starting from the year 2000 to 2020. Studies will be assessed for eligibility by checking if they meet the inclusion criteria. Eligible studies will undergo data extraction and risk of bias assessment. We will perform a subgroup analysis to detect probable causes of heterogeneity.Ethics and disseminationThe review will not require ethics clearance because non-identifiable data will be used. The review outcomes will give more insight into the current burden that pre-diabetes has in South Africa.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020182430.

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Redescription of a predatory and cannibalistic nematode, Butlerius butleri Goodey, 1929 (Rhabditida: Diplogastridae), from South Africa, including its first SEM study

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-bja10089 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Ebrahim Shokoohi ◽

Joaquín Abolafia

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

South African ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

18S Rdna ◽

African Population ◽

Soil Nematodes ◽

South African Population ◽

Free Living ◽

Sem Study ◽

First Time

Summary Butlerius butleri was isolated during a survey on free-living soil nematodes from South Africa. The South African population of B. butleri is characterised by having a large stoma divided into two chambers and bearing a thorn-like dorsal tooth, spicules 44 (41-49) μm long, gubernaculum 29 (28-30) μm long, three pairs of precloacal papillae and five pairs of postcloacal papillae, and a filiform tail 280 (204-332) μm long in females, 310 (256-356) μm long in males. The SEM observation showed the cheilostom is divided into six conical plates 2.1-2.3 μm long. Nblast of 18S rDNA revealed 99% similarity and 6-7 bp differences with the B. butleri (KP453998) from Iran. Molecular analysis of B. butleri based on the sequence of the 18S and 28S rDNA placed it together with Butlerius and close to Pseudodiplogasteroides and Diplogasteroides. This species showed predatory and cannibalistic behaviours, feeding on other B. butleri in the substrate. SEM photographs of the species are presented for the first time.

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The long road to elimination: malaria mortality in a South African population cohort over 21 years

Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics ◽

10.1017/gheg.2017.7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. Byass ◽

M. A. Collinson ◽

C. Kabudula ◽

F. X. Gómez-Olivé ◽

R. G. Wagner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

South African ◽

Malaria Elimination ◽

African Population ◽

Labour Migration ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Daily Maximum Temperature ◽

South African Population ◽

Malaria Mortality

BackgroundMalaria elimination is on global agendas following successful transmission reductions. Nevertheless moving from low to zero transmission is challenging. South Africa has an elimination target of 2018, which may or may not be realised in its hypoendemic areas.MethodsThe Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System has monitored population health in north-eastern South Africa since 1992. Malaria deaths were analysed against individual factors, socioeconomic status, labour migration and weather over a 21-year period, eliciting trends over time and associations with covariates.ResultsOf 13 251 registered deaths over 1.58 million person-years, 1.2% were attributed to malaria. Malaria mortality rates increased from 1992 to 2013, while mean daily maximum temperature rose by 1.5 °C. Travel to endemic Mozambique became easier, and malaria mortality increased in higher socioeconomic groups. Overall, malaria mortality was significantly associated with age, socioeconomic status, labour migration and employment, yearly rainfall and higher rainfall/temperature shortly before death.ConclusionsMalaria persists as a small but important cause of death in this semi-rural South African population. Detailed longitudinal population data were crucial for these analyses. The findings highlight practical political, socioeconomic and environmental difficulties that may also be encountered elsewhere in moving from low-transmission scenarios to malaria elimination.

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