Dietary Intake Among Church-Affiliated African Americans: The Role of Intentions and Beliefs

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria G. Bauer ◽  
Jannette Berkley-Patton ◽  
Kym Bennett ◽  
Delwyn Catley ◽  
Carole Bowe-Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Path Analyses

Diabetes and heart disease disproportionately burden African Americans, who tend to have worse nutritional intake than Whites. Many Black churches are influential institutions in the Black community, with potential to assist with promotion of healthy eating behaviors. The purpose of the current study was to use the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine intention to eat a healthy diet and dietary behaviors among church-affiliated African Americans. It was hypothesized that TPB constructs would positively predict intention to eat a healthy diet and that intention to eat a healthy diet would be a predictor of fat and fruit and vegetable intake. It was also hypothesized that control beliefs would predict reduced fat intake and increased fruit and vegetable intake. Path analyses indicated behavioral, normative, and control beliefs were predictive of intention to eat a healthy diet. Intention to eat healthy was a significant predictor of dietary intake behaviors. These findings provide support for the use of the TPB in examining diet among church-affiliated African Americans. This study represents an opportunity to inform dietary interventions for the African American faith community.

scholarly journals Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Children by Level of Variety, What We Eat in America, NHANES 2013–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 206-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Katherine Hoy ◽  
John Clemens ◽  
Carrie Martin ◽  
Alanna Moshfegh
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Percentage Contribution ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Food Patterns ◽  
Side Dishes

Abstract Objectives To describe and compare fruit and vegetable intake by level of variety among children in What We Eat in America (WWEIA), NHANES. Methods One-day dietary intake data of children 2–19 years (N = 5920) in WWEIA, NHANES 2013–2016 were used. Fruit and vegetable (FV) variety was the count of foods consumed that contributed to total FV intake. To be counted, at least 0.1 cup equivalent (CE) FV of each single FV item and 0.2 CE FV from a mixed dish had to have been consumed. Each FV was counted only once; a mixed dish counted as one. The Food Patterns Equivalents Database was used to determine the CE of FV intake. Individuals were classified for variety of intake as High (H) (5 + items); Moderate (M) (3–4 items); Low (L) (1–2 items). Percentage contribution of WWEIA Food Categories to FV intake was estimated. Differences in FV intakes between variety levels were compared by t-test. Those with a count of ‘0’ (N = 466) were excluded. Results Percentage of children in each variety level was: H: 15, M: 33; L: 44; none: 8%. Mean FV intakes (CE/1000 kcal) by variety level were H: 1.9; M: 1.4; L: 0.8 (P < 0.001). Distributions of 2–5y, 6–11y and 12–19y, respectively among variety levels were: H: 18, 16, 13%; M: 40, 32, 30%; L: 37, 44, 48%; none: 6, 8, 9%. For H, M, and L levels, respectively, fruit variety counts were 2.5, 1.5, and 0.5, and vegetable variety counts were 3.5, 2, and 1 (P < 0.001). Among all 2–19y, single FV items (excl 100% juice) contributed 64% to FV intake of the H vs M (55%) and L (50%), whereas Mixed Dishes contributed 12% to intake of H vs M (15%) and L (21%). The percentages of H, M and L groups reporting intake from WWEIA Food Categories were 89, 65 and 40 for Vegetables; 86, 65, and 35 for Fruit; and 79, 79, and 77 for Mixed Dishes. Conclusions FV variety was highest for very young children and lowest among adolescents. Children with more variety of FV intake were more likely to include single FV and in higher amounts than those with less FV variety. These results support suggestions for boosting FV intake of children by encouraging their consumption at snacks and including vegetable side dishes at meals. Funding Sources ARS-USDA.

scholarly journals Associations of psychosocial factors with fruit and vegetable intake among African-Americans

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 701-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L Watters ◽  
Jessie A Satia ◽  
Joseph A Galanko
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Enabling Factors

AbstractObjectiveTo examine associations of various psychosocial factors with fruit and vegetable intake in African-American adults.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of a population-based sample of 658 African-Americans, aged 18–70 years, in North Carolina. Information was collected on diet-related psychosocial (predisposing, reinforcing and enabling) factors based on the PRECEDE (Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation) planning framework; demographic, lifestyle and behavioural characteristics, and fruit and vegetable intake.ResultsThe mean participant age was 43.9 years (standard deviation 11.6), 57% were female and 76% were overweight/obese. Participants expressed healthy beliefs regarding many of, but not all, the psychosocial factors. For example, although half of the respondents believed it is important to eat a diet high in fruits/vegetables, only 26% knew that ≥ 5 daily servings are recommended. The strongest associations of the psychosocial factors with fruit/vegetable intake were for predisposing factors (e.g. belief in the importance of a high fruit/vegetable diet and knowledge of fruit/vegetable recommendations) and one reinforcing factor (social support), with differences between the healthiest and least healthy responses of 0.5–1.0 servings per day. There was evidence of effect modification by gender in associations between psychosocial factors and fruit/vegetable consumption (e.g. self-efficacy was only significant in women), with higher intakes and generally healthier responses to the psychosocial variables in women than men.ConclusionsInterventions to increase fruit/vegetable intake in African-Americans may be more effective if they focus primarily on predisposing factors, such as knowledge, self-efficacy and attitudes, but not to the exclusion of reinforcing and enabling factors. The psychosocial factors that are targeted may also need to be somewhat different for African-American men and women.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Community Fruit and Vegetable Voucher Program (Vouchers 4 Veggies) on Improvements in Dietary Intake and Food Security (P04-013-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Jennings ◽  
Sanjana Marpadga ◽  
Cissie Bonini ◽  
Melissa Akers ◽  
Ronli Levi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Health Perception ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Voucher Program ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Vouchers 4 Veggies (V4V) is a transformative healthy food voucher program aimed at increasing access to and affordability of healthy food in the most vulnerable communities. Between 2015–2018, over 2600 ethnically diverse low-income individuals were enrolled in the program with the goal to increase their fruit and vegetable intake, improve food security status and change health perception. Methods V4V partners with local community-based organizations and clinics that serve as voucher distribution sites as well as neighborhoods stores, grocery stores, and famer's markets where participants can redeem their vouchers. Participants receive $20-$40 worth of vouchers per month for 6 months. Data for this evaluation were collected using pre- and post- surveys (at 0 and 4–6 months) that included a validated fruit and vegetable intake screener, the USDA 7-item food security screener, demographic questions and health perception questions. Results Data from 862 matched surveys indicate that mean fruit and vegetable intake increased from 2.49 to 3.52 servings daily, corresponding to a 1.03 servings increase after six months in the program (0.89,1.77; P < .001). In addition, V4V participants’ food security scores improved, decreasing 0.88 points (−1.07, −0.71; P < 0.001) on a 6 point scale (0 being the most food secure and 6 being very food insecure), from a mean of 5.53 to 4.65 using the USDA validated 6-item scale. When stratified by race, food security improved significantly for all major racial groups except Black/African Americans. Finally, participants reported a statistically significant improvement in self-reported health status (P < 0.001), with a 14% change in status from poor/fair health to good/very good/excellent health. Conclusions This evaluation suggests that a modest supplement for fruits and vegetables may be able to improve dietary intake, support food security, and improve health perception among vulnerable residents of San Francisco. More research is needed to understand differences in maintaining long-term health and behavior changes among program participants. Funding Sources V4V received funding from the SF Department of Public Health, Hellman Foundation, AARP Foundation, and Kaiser Permanente Community Benefits Program.

scholarly journals Examining the Validity of Spectroscopy-Based Skin Carotenoid Measurements as a Proxy for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 125-125
Author(s):  
Marcela Radtke ◽  
Stephanie Jilcott Pitts ◽  
Lisa Jahns ◽  
Gina Firnhaber ◽  
Brittany Loofbourrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Full Text Review

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to assess criterion-related validity of spectroscopy-based skin carotenoid measurements against serum/plasma carotenoids and/or dietary intake of fruit and vegetables. Methods PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched in December 2018 to identify articles for inclusion. Articles published from 1990–2018 that correlated spectroscopy-based skin carotenoid measurements to blood carotenoids and/or fruit and vegetable intake met inclusion criteria. The articles were reviewed independently by at least two authors and discrepancies were mediated by a third author. A hand search was conducted of the included papers to ensure no relevant articles were excluded. Results Of the 7931 articles identified in the literature search, 54 articles met the eligibility criteria for full-text review. Following the full-text review, 22 articles were selected for data extraction and were included in the present review. Following the hand search, seven additional articles were eligible for inclusion, resulting in a total of 29 articles. All 29 articles demonstrated statistically significant correlations between spectroscopy-based skin carotenoid measurements and serum/plasma carotenoids and/or dietary intake of fruits and vegetables. Three methods of spectroscopic detection were used: 20 articles used resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS), seven articles used spectrophotometers, and two articles used reflection spectroscopy (RS) to measure skin carotenoids. Twenty of the articles described the racial/ethnic demographics of the study population, with seven articles containing more than 20% from a non-white, minority population. Four studies were conducted with infants, six studies included children, and the remaining 19 studies focused on adults. Conclusions The results of the systematic review support the use of spectroscopy-based skin carotenoid measurements as an alternative measure of fruit and vegetable intake. Additional research is warranted to examine the use of different spectroscopy techniques in diverse populations and populations of varying ages. Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals Contribution of What We Eat in America Food Categories to Fruit and Vegetable Intake by Level of Variety, What We Eat in America, NHANES 2013–2016 (P18-113-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Katherine Hoy ◽  
John Clemens ◽  
Carrie Martin ◽  
Alanna Moshfegh
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
T Test ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Food Patterns ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Side Dishes

Abstract Objectives To compare contribution of What We Eat in America (WWEIA) Food Categories to fruit and vegetable (FV) intake by level of FV variety. Methods One-day dietary intake data of adults 20+ years (N = 10,064) in WWEIA, NHANES 2013–2016 were used. Fruit and vegetable (FV) variety was the count of foods consumed that contributed to total FV intake. To be counted, at least 0.1 cup equivalent (CE) FV of each single FV item and 0.2 CE FV from a mixed dish had to have been consumed. Each FV was counted only once; a mixed dish counted as one. The Food Patterns Equivalents Database was used to determine the CE of FV intake. Individuals were classified for variety of intake as High (H) (5 + items) N = 2316; Moderate (M) (3–4), N = 3423; Low (L) (1–2), N = 3746. Differences in % contribution of WWEIA Food Categories to FV intake between each level of variety were compared by t-test. Those with a count of ‘0’ (N = 579) were excluded. Results Mean CE FV intakes for each group were H: 4.4; M: 2.6; L: 1.4 (P < 0.001). Whole FV contributed 67% to FV intake of the H vs M (58%) and L (53%) (P < 0.001), whereas Mixed Dishes contributed 12% to intake of H vs M (17%) and L (27%) groups, (P < 0.001). Savory snacks accounted for 3% of H vs 5% of L and M (P < 0.001). Proportions of FV intake from other foods included: 100% juice (∼9%), Condiments (∼4%) or Sweets (∼1%). The contribution of Vegetables excluding potatoes to intakes of H, M and L groups, respectively, was 32%, 24% and 19%, (P < 0.001); contribution of White potatoes for H vs M and L was 7% vs 12% and 15%, (P < 0.001). Whole fruit accounted for 28% of intake by H vs M (22%) and L (19%), (P < 0.001). FV intake from the Food Categories of the H, M and L levels respectively were 1.4, 0.6 and 0.03 CE of Vegetables excluding potatoes; 1.2, 0.6, and 0.3 CE of Fruit; and 0.5, 0.4, and 0.4 CE from Mixed Dishes. The percentages from H, M and L groups reporting intake from Food Categories were 89, 64 and 34 for Vegetables excluding potatoes; 75, 49, and 22 for Fruit; and 72, 71, and 72 for Mixed Dishes. Conclusions Those with more variety of FV intake include whole FV in their diet more frequently and in higher amounts. These results illustrate the beneficial impact on FV intake of including a variety of FV items each day, and support suggestions for boosting intake by choosing FV at snacks, adding FV to mixed dishes and including vegetable side dishes at meals. Funding Sources ARS-USDA.

Fruit and Vegetable Intake in the United States: The Baseline Survey of the Five a Day for Better Health Program

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 352-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy F. Subar ◽  
Jerianne Heimendinger ◽  
Blossom H. Patterson ◽  
Susan M. Krebs-Smith ◽  
Elizabeth Pivonka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable

Purpose. The purpose of the Five A Day Baseline Survey was to assess fruit and vegetable intake and associated factors among US adults. Design. Questionnaires querying frequency of intake of 33 fruits and vegetables, as well as demographics, attitudes, and knowledge related to fruits and vegetables were administered by telephone. Setting. The study was a nationally representative random digit dial survey conducted by telephone in the summer of 1991; response rate was 42.8%. Subjects. Respondents were 2811 US adults (including an oversample of African-Americans and Hispanics). Measures. Mean and median self-reported intakes of fruits and vegetables were calculated. Estimated servings per week were adjusted on the basis of responses to summary questions regarding overall fruit and vegetable intakes. Results. Median intake of fruits and vegetables was 3.4 servings per day. Linear regressions (accounting for no more than 10% of the variation) showed that education, income, and smoking status were predictors of fruit and vegetable intake and that intake increased with education, income, and nonsmoking status. Women had higher intakes than men at all ages; these differences between men and women increased with age. Fruit and vegetable intakes increased with age for whites and Hispanics, but not for African-Americans. Conclusions. Fruit and vegetable intake among adults in the United States is lower than the recommended minimum of five daily servings. These data will be useful in targeting campaign efforts and in assessing progress of the Five A Day for Better Health Program.

scholarly journals Is there a relationship between personality traits and fruit and vegetable intake among pregnant women?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205510292097424
Author(s):  
Magdalena Leszko ◽  
Lauren Keenan-Devlin ◽  
William A Grobman ◽  
Britney Smart ◽  
Ann Borders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
Predictive Relationships

Previous studies have shown that certain personality traits such as neuroticism and conscientiousness influence dietary choices. Pregnancy is a unique period in a woman’s life during which most women are highly intrinsically and extrinsically motivated to start a diet rich in fruit and vegetables. Yet, an adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables remains a challenge for many women. The present study investigates the relationships between personality traits and fish, dairy, fruit, and vegetable intake. Data was collected from 602 pregnant women and analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression analyses in order to examine predictive relationships between the variables of interest. The results demonstrated that high scores in openness to experience, older maternal age, higher income, and educational attainment were positively associated with increased fish, vegetable, and fruit intake. These findings have important implications for interventions that seek to improve eating behaviors of pregnant women, thereby increasing the health of their pregnancies.

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