scholarly journals Delivering better building performance and lower carbon operation by intelligently employing today’s knowledge and tech

2021 ◽  
pp. 014362442110520
Author(s):  
Tim Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Building Performance ◽  
Lower Carbon

Pollutant emission from a heat station supplied with agriculture biomass and wood pellet mixture

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Juszczak ◽  
Katarzyna Lossy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Wood Pellet ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Concentration ◽  
Heat Efficiency ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Lower Carbon

Pollutant emission from a heat station supplied with agriculture biomass and wood pellet mixtureTests for combustion of hay and sunflower husk pellets mixed with wood pellets were performed in a horizontal-feed as well as under-feed (retort) wood pellet furnace installed in boilers with a nominal heat output of 15 and 20 kW, located in a heat station. During the combustion a slagging phenomenon was observed in the furnaces. In order to lower the temperature in the furnace, fuel feeding rate was reduced with unaltered air stream rate. The higher the proportion of wood pellets in the mixture the lower carbon monoxide concentration. The following results of carbon monoxide concentration (in mg/m3presented for 10% O2content in flue gas) for different furnaces and fuel mixtures (proportion in wt%) were obtained: horizontal-feed furnace supplied with hay/wood: 0/100 - 326; 30/70 - 157; 50/50 - 301; 100/0 - 3300; horizontal-feed furnace supplied with sunflower husk/wood: 50/50 - 1062; 67/33 - 1721; 100/0 - 3775; under-feed (retort) furnace supplied with hay/wood: 0/100 - 90; 15/85 - 157; 30/70 - 135; 50/50 - 5179; under-feed furnace supplied with sunflower husk/wood: 67/33 - 2498; 100/0 - 3128. Boiler heat output and heat efficiency was low: 7 to 13 kW and about 55%, respectively, for the boiler with horizontal-feed furnace and 9 to 14 kW and 64%, respectively, for the boiler with under-feed furnace.

LUCEFIN GROUP C30 (1.0528), C30E (1.1178), C30R (1.1179)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Tensile Strength ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Lower Carbon

Abstract Lucefin Group C30, C30E, and C30R are medium-carbon, non-alloy steels that are used in the normalized, cold worked, or quenched and tempered condition. C30E and C30R may also be flame or induction hardened. C30, C30E, and C30R are widely used for small, moderately stressed parts, where higher strength levels are needed than can be achieved in the lower carbon grades, and also where toughness is more important than high tensile strength. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-206. Producer or source: Lucefin S.p.A.

ISO 185/JL/225

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Damping Capacity ◽  
Lower Strength ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Lower Carbon

Abstract ISO 185/JL/225 is an intermediate-tensile-strength gray cast iron that has a predominantly pearlitic matrix, and a tensile strength of 225–325 MPa (33-47 ksi), when determined on test pieces machined from separately cast, 30 mm (1.2 in.) diameter test bars. Compared with the lower strength gray cast iron grades, ISO 185/JL/225 contains lower carbon and silicon contents, while still maintaining excellent thermal conductivity, damping capacity, and machinability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, tensile properties, and compressive strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on heat treating. Filing Code: CI-73. Producer or source: International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

CLIMAX 6Mn-1Mo Alloy

Alloy Digest ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Hadfield Steel ◽  
Austenitic Manganese Steel ◽  
Austenitic Manganese ◽  
The Many ◽  
Cast Condition ◽  
Lower Carbon

Abstract Climax 6Mn-1Mo alloy is a lean austenitic manganese steel which develops a structure similar to that of the well-known Hadfield manganese steel after heat treatment. A lower carbon version of this alloy has been developed to give satisfactory performance in the as-cast condition. Largely because of lower manganese content, these alloys have better abrasion resistance but lower toughness and ductility than Hadfield steel. Both alloys are designed for the many applications where a combination of good wear resistance and moderate toughness is desirable. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SA-322. Producer or source: Climax Molybdenum Company, A Division of Amax Inc..

BLACK DIAMOND STANDARD

Alloy Digest ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Electric Furnace ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Case Depth ◽  
Specialty Metals ◽  
Lower Carbon

Abstract BLACK DIAMOND STANDARD is an electric-furnace-melted, water-hardening carbon tool steel with an excellent reputation for use as the standard in general shop tools requiring extreme toughness and resistance to shock and impact. In the lower carbon ranges (0.50-0.70% carbon), it is used primarily for tools such as pins, punches, hammers and sledges. Black Diamond may be expected to give uniform and consistent results, although no definite limits of case depth or grain size are regularly guaranteed. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: TS-281. Producer or source: Crucible Specialty Metals Division, Colt Industries.

AISI TYPE L2

Alloy Digest ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Lower Carbon

Abstract AISI Type 1.2 is a chromium-vanadium tool steel of modest hardenability and variable carbon content (nominally 0.50-1.10% carbon). At its lower carbon levels, it is used for tools requiring toughness and resistance to shock and vibration. At its higher carbon levels, it is recommended for resistance to abrasion, fatigue and wear. It is used for both hot-work and cold-work applications. Among its many uses are automotive gears, forgings, gun barrels, shafts, wrenches, chisels, punches, lathe spindles, axes, shear blades, dies, files, reamers and drills. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-416. Producer or source: Tool steel mills.

AK STEEL TYPE 304

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Carbide Precipitation ◽  
Steel Grade ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Steel Type ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Type 304 ◽  
Lower Carbon

Abstract AK Steel Type 304 is a chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel. It is a variation of the base 18-8 grade, but with higher chromium and lower carbon content. The lower carbon content minimizes carbide precipitation due to welding and reduces its susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. Type 304 is the most versatile and widely used stainless steel grade. It combines good resistance to atmospheric corrosion and to many chemicals, food, and beverages. It has excellent formability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties as well as fatigue. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance as well as forming and joining. Filing Code: SS-1317. Producer or source: AK Steel Corporation. Originally published April 2020, corrected May 2020.

ARMCO 25-12

Alloy Digest ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Lower Carbon

Abstract ARMCO 25-12 is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel with high heat resisting qualities, high strength and creep values up to 2000 F. It is equivalent to AISI Type 309 stainless steel; and in the lower carbon grade is equivalent to AISI Type 309S. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness, creep, and fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-32. Producer or source: Armco Inc., Eastern Steel Division.

USS 5 and 5S

Alloy Digest ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
United States Steel Corporation ◽  
Industry Type ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Corrosion And Oxidation ◽  
Lower Carbon

Abstract USS 5, Type 501, and 5S, Type 502, contain approximately 5% chromium and 0.50% molybdenum. They resist corrosion and oxidation at elevated temperatures and are particularly adaptable to applications in the petroleum refinery industry. Type 502 contains slightly lower carbon and is used for applications where better weldability is required. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-22. Producer or source: United States Steel Corporation.

Studying Disruptive Events: Innovations in Behaviour, Opportunities for Lower Carbon Adaptations?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg R Marsden ◽  
Jillian Anable ◽  
Tim Chatterton ◽  
Iain Docherty ◽  
James Faulconbridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Carbon
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