Self-Efficacy and Confidence in Outcomes as Determinants of Self-Care Practices in Inner-City, African-American Women with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne H. Skelly ◽  
James R. Marshall ◽  
Brenda P. Haughey ◽  
Paul J. Davis ◽  
Robert G. Dunford
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Inner City ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
American Women ◽  
Glucose Testing ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Over Time

The puipose of this study was to examine the extent to which Perceived self-efficacy and confidence in outcomes, selected demographic variables, and disease characteristics (age, duration of diabetes, presence of documented complications) affect an individual's adherence over time to a diabetes regimen of home glucose testing, medication/insulin administration, diet, and exercise. A convenience sample of 118 inner-city, African-American women with type II, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus receiving outpatient care at a large urban hospital were asked to complete measures of each of the psychosocial variables on two occasions, separated by an interval of 4 to 5 months, and coinciding with their next scheduled clinic visit. Bivariate and multivariate analyses at Times 1 and 2 demonstrated the ability of self-efficacy alone to explain diet, exercise, and home-testing behaviors while suggesting variability within individuals in sense of self-efficacy over time.

scholarly journals Community Engagement in the Development of an mHealth-Enabled Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Intervention (Step It Up): Pilot Focus Group Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joniqua Nashae Ceasar ◽  
Sophie Elizabeth Claudel ◽  
Marcus R Andrews ◽  
Kosuke Tamura ◽  
Valerie Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Participatory Research ◽  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
American Women

BACKGROUND Community-based participatory research is an effective tool for improving health outcomes in minority communities. Few community-based participatory research studies have evaluated methods of optimizing smartphone apps for health technology-enabled interventions in African Americans. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to utilize focus groups (FGs) for gathering qualitative data to inform the development of an app that promotes physical activity (PA) among African American women in Washington, DC. METHODS We recruited a convenience sample of African American women (N=16, age range 51-74 years) from regions of Washington, DC metropolitan area with the highest burden of cardiovascular disease. Participants used an app created by the research team, which provided motivational messages through app push notifications and educational content to promote PA. Subsequently, participants engaged in semistructured FG interviews led by moderators who asked open-ended questions about participants’ experiences of using the app. FGs were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim, with subsequent behavioral theory-driven thematic analysis. Key themes based on the Health Belief Model and emerging themes were identified from the transcripts. Three independent reviewers iteratively coded the transcripts until consensus was reached. Then, the final codebook was approved by a qualitative research expert. RESULTS In this study, 10 main themes emerged. Participants emphasized the need to improve the app by optimizing automation, increasing relatability (eg, photos that reflect target demographic), increasing educational material (eg, health information), and connecting with community resources (eg, cooking classes and exercise groups). CONCLUSIONS Involving target users in the development of a culturally sensitive PA app is an essential step for creating an app that has a higher likelihood of acceptance and use in a technology-enabled intervention. This may decrease health disparities in cardiovascular diseases by more effectively increasing PA in a minority population.

A Pilot Study of a Culturally Grounded Breastfeeding Intervention for Pregnant, Low-Income African American Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-484
Author(s):  
Rebecca Reno
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
American Women ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Increasing breastfeeding rates among low-income African American women may work toward the achievement of health equity. The dynamic breastfeeding assessment process (D-BAP) is a community-grounded, equity-focused intervention designed to increase prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy. Research aim: The aims of the pilot study were (a) to determine the effect of the D-BAP on breastfeeding self-efficacy among pregnant, low-income African American women, (b) to examine the findings among women with no previous breastfeeding experience, and (c) to compare the findings between women with prior breastfeeding experience and those without it. Methods: A pre/post, paired-samples design was utilized. Convenience sampling was used to recruit pregnant, low-income African American women ( N = 25). Participants completed the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale–Short Form prior to and following the D-BAP. Results: The Wilcoxon signed rank test indicated that participation in the D-BAP had a statistically significant influence on breastfeeding self-efficacy ( z = −2.01, p = .04). Among a subsample of participants with no previous breastfeeding experience ( n = 12), completion of the D-BAP resulted in a statistically significant increase in breastfeeding self-efficacy ( z = −2.36, p = .02). There was no statistically significant difference between those with prior breastfeeding experience and those without it. Conclusion: Breastfeeding among low-income African American women is a health equity issue for which culturally responsive, effective breastfeeding interventions are needed. This research demonstrates an association between completion of the D-BAP and an increase in prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy.

scholarly journals Infertility knowledge and treatment beliefs among African American women in an urban community

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Wiltshire ◽  
Lynae M Brayboy ◽  
Kiwita Phillips ◽  
Roland Matthews ◽  
Fengxia Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
American Women ◽  
Treatment Beliefs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Safety Net Hospital

Abstract Background To assess infertility knowledge and treatment beliefs among African American women in an urban community in Atlanta, Georgia. Methods This was a cross sectional study at a safety net hospital. A convenience sample of a total of 158 women receiving outpatient obstetrical or gynecologic care from March–April 2017 were recruited. Infertility knowledge and treatment beliefs were assessed using a previously applied and field-tested survey from the International Fertility Decision Making Study. Results The mean infertility knowledge score was 38.15% for total subjects. Those with a higher level of education (p < 0.0001) and those with paid employment (p = 0.01) had a significantly higher level of infertility knowledge. Those who had a history of infertility therapy were significantly more likely to agree with negative treatment beliefs (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in infertility knowledge or treatment beliefs based on age, sexuality, parity or being pregnant at the time of survey completion. Conclusions African American women in our urban clinic setting seem to have a limited level of knowledge pertaining to infertility. Further research is needed to understand how differences in knowledge and beliefs translate into infertility care decision-making and future childbearing.

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