Causality in the Theory of Planned Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 920-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuven Sussman ◽  
Robert Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Causal Direction ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Causal Sequence

The theory of planned behavior proposes that behavior is predicted by behavioral intention which is, in turn, predicted by three base components: attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms regarding the behavior, and perceived control over the behavior. Implied within this theory is that each of the three base components influence intentions, solely in that direction. However, despite being one of the most widely used theories in many areas of psychology and health sciences, few studies have tested this basic premise. Might causal influence also flow in a reverse-causal direction from intentions back to the base components? This causal sequence was tested and supported by a correlational study, a lab-based experiment, and a quasi-experimental field study. This demonstration of reverse-causal relations from intentions to the base components suggests that the theory of planned behavior should be modified to include reciprocal causal relations.

Behavioral Intention of Traveling in the period of COVID-19: An application of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Perceived Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujood - ◽  
Sheeba Hamid ◽  
Naseem Bano
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to examine travelers` behavioral intention of traveling in the period of coronavirus by employing the theory of planned behavior. The framework incorporates attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and a very crucial construct, i.e. perceived risk, as per the current critical scenario of COVID-19. Design/methodology/approach Data was collected using a survey instrument on the internet by posting the questionnaire link over social network web pages of online traveling websites. The data was analyzed using structural equations modeling with AMOS 22.0 and SPSS software, and the proposed hypotheses were statistically tested. The sample under consideration constitutes 417 responses. Findings Empirical findings suggest that attitude, perceived behavioral control and perceived risk are significant for predicting behavioral intention while subjective norms do not. And these variables explained about 35 percent of the variance in behavioral intention of traveling in the period of coronavirus. Research limitations/implications This study can benefit travelers, tourism and hospitality industry, governments, aviation industry and other relevant organizations as this paper offers the latest updates and essential information regarding traveler`s intention of traveling in the period of coronavirus. The study mainly focuses on India, so the generalizations of results to other countries are unwanted. Originality/value The primary value of this paper is that it tested the theory of planned behavior by incorporating perceived risk in the context of COVID-19. To the best of authors’ knowledge, in Indian context, there is no study which has tested the TPB by adding perceived risk in explaining the Indian citizens’ behavioral intention of traveling in the period of Coronavirus.

scholarly journals Personal and Media Factors Related to Citizens’ Pro-environmental Behavioral Intention against Haze in China: A Moderating Analysis of TPB

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Yang ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Lai Wei ◽  
Qi Su
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Moderating Role

This study extends the theory of planned behavior by taking communication factors into account to examine the determinants of pro-environmental behavioral intention in haze mitigation. Unlike other theory of planned behavior (TPB) extension studies, we shift the focus of inquiry from examining the mediating role of TPB variables to investigating the moderating role in promoting pro-environmental behavior. Using an online survey in China, the results indicated that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and attention to haze-related efficacy messages were positively associated with pro-environmental behavioral intention. Notably, attention to haze-related threat messages had no significant relationship with behavioral intention. Moreover, moderation analyses revealed that the interaction effects between attention to efficacy messages and attention to threat messages on behavioral intention vary among people with different attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature of the TPB by analyzing its moderating role in promoting behavior change. Findings from this study suggest the importance of disseminating distinctive media messages to audiences with different personality traits, which is beneficial for practitioners to tailor specific messages in environmental campaigns.

scholarly journals Effect of educational program based on theory of planned behavior on osteoporosis preventive behaviors: a randomized clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Pakyar ◽  
Sarieh Poortaghi ◽  
Shahzad Pashaeypoor ◽  
Farshad Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The prevalence of chronic diseases is increasing worldwide. Implementing educational programs is an important step in prevention of chronic diseases in the community setting. This study was conducted to assess the effect of educational program based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on the osteoporosis preventive behaviors in middle-aged individuals. Methods A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 64 middle-aged individuals presenting to primary care centers. A researcher-made questionnaire developed according to “a guide for compiling and analyzing the questionnaire based on TPB” was used for data collection. Random block sampling was applied to assign participants to control and intervention groups after ensuring the validity and reliability. An educational program on osteoporosis prevention was conducted in six educational sessions based on the TPB constructs for the intervention group in primary care centers. Control group received routine education about lifestyle changes including osteoporosis by primary care centers. Eight weeks after the intervention, the questionnaires were completed again and the data were analyzed using the SPSS V16 software. Results Independent t-test found no significant difference in the mean score of knowledge, osteoporosis preventive behavior, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention between intervention and control groups before intervention (p > 0.05). After the intervention, however, a significant difference was found in the mean score of knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention between the cases in intervention and control groups (P < 0.05). In addition, based on repeated measurement ANOVA, the intervention had a significant effect on knowledge, preventive behaviors, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention (P < 0.05). Conclusions The results of the present study showed that implementation of an educational intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior significantly increased the knowledge along with all constructs of TPB in osteoporosis preventive behaviors. Trial registration This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT2017081735647N2 (11/10/2017).

scholarly journals Restricting Our Consumption of Material Goods: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Darcy A. Santor ◽  
Ihssane Fethi ◽  
Sara-Emilie McIntee
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Perceived Ability ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
College Aged Students

Despite the increasing number of studies investigating environmentally friendly behavior, relatively little research has examined the attitudes, subjective norms, perceived ability, and intentions of individuals to restrict their consumption. The current study validated a new measure of consumption restriction developed from the Theory of Planned Behavior. A total of 243 college-aged students completed the Consumption Restriction Questionnaire (CRQ), in addition to measures of greed, frugality, materialism, and consumption. Results confirmed the importance of attitudes, subjective norms and perceived control as determinants of both intentions to restrict consumption in addition to actual consumption, and also demonstrated the superiority of attitudes, subjective norms and perceived control in predicting consumption related to individual differences in greed, frugality and materialism. However, intentions to restrict consumption were modest. Results have implications for both our understanding of environmentally friendly behavior, as well as for the targets that interventions designed to restrict our consumption should address.

scholarly journals Theory of planned behavior as a conceptual framework for the willingness to self-isolate during the COVID-19 pandemic: A regional cross-sectional study

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rakhi Issrani ◽  
Mohammad Khursheed Alam
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

BACKGROUND: Due to an unavailability of a vaccine, one of the efficient methods to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is by applying self-isolation (SI). Hence there is an urgent need to investigate the factors leading to an individuals’ willingness to choose to self-isolate. OBJECTIVES: The current study utilized the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a conceptual model and aimed to investigate the extent to which subjective norms, personal attitudes and perceived control influences an individual’s willingness to self-isolate during COVID-19 risk. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was performed on 800 Saudi respondents aged≥18 years by using a validated self-administered questionnaire about factors related to willingness to self-isolate during COVID-19 pandemic risk based on the TPB. The effects of different variables on SI were analyzed by using ordinal logistic regression model. RESULTS: A total of 756 (94.5% ) were completed and analyzed. Subjective norms and perceived control over the behavior significantly (p <  0.05) influenced the intention of willingness to self-isolate, while attitude was found to be insignificant. The odds of letting others to know about self COVID status were 2.40 times higher than not telling the neighbors or colleagues. A statistically significant difference (p≤0.001) existed between males and females regarding the willingness to self-isolate. Similarly the odds of willingness to self-isolate with a presence of disabled person in family were 2.88 times higher than the absence of a disability in the family. Few recommendations for the policymakers that are needed to curb the spread of COVID-19 infection are also proposed. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of study might be considered as an initial understanding of the factors that significantly influences an individual’s willingness to SI when facing an unprecedented pandemic risk. Additionally, these factors provide a plan for policymakers to encourage citizens for self-isolation during pandemic infections.

scholarly journals PLANNED BEHAVIOR AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AS ANTECEDENTS TO ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION: A STUDY WITH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS E. B. PAIVA ◽  
EVANGELINA S. SOUSA ◽  
TEREZA C. B. LIMA ◽  
DIRCEU DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
University Students ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Personal Attitude

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the relationship between religious beliefs and the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior in entrepreneurial intention. Originality/value: The article stands out by promoting the understanding of entrepreneurship from the Theory of Planned Behavior proposed by Ajzen (1991), aligning it with religious beliefs. Design/methodology/approach: It is an exploratory and descriptive study, of a quantitative nature. The survey method was used to collect the data, in which a sample of 448 students from the Business Administration courses at two public universities in the northeast of Brazil was obtained. Structural Equation Modeling was used to treat and analyze the data. Findings: The results demonstrated that personal attitude, perceived control, and religious beliefs influence the entrepreneurial intention of university students, which did not occur with subjective norms. However, subjective norms influenced the personal attitude and perceived control of university students. The university students presented a predisposition to entrepreneurship and recognized that they have the necessary skills to create a business. However, the choice to become an entre preneur may not be motivated directly by the expectation of its social referents. Moreover, university students did not perceive the influence of religious beliefs in the manifestation of their behavior, because vocation and prosocial motivation are far from the environmental context in which university students are inserted or because they are not practicing a religion that fosters such beliefs.

Improving the Efficacy of Visitor Education in Haleakalā National Park Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Reigner ◽  
Steven R. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
National Park ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Persuasive Messages ◽  
Visitor Behavior ◽  
Park Service ◽  
Visitor Use ◽  
Experiential Quality

Degradation of resource and experiential quality from recreational use at the Pools of ‘Ohe'o in Haleakalā National Park has led officials to discourage visitor use of the area. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study examines relationships among visitors’ attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control regarding exploration of the pools, their intentions to explore and their actual behaviors at pools. Further, the study examines the influence of persuasive messages on visitors’ behavior at the pools. TPB is found to be an effective model for understanding visitor behavior at ‘Ohe'o's Pools, revealing a desire among visitors to act in accordance with National Park Service wishes. Results indicate that attitudes and subjective norms are influenced by exposure to the persuasive messages. Additionally, messages emphasizing the resource impacts of exploring the pools are found to more effective at influencing visitor attitudes than messages emphasizing the dangers of exploring the pools.

scholarly journals Effect of Education on Preventive Home Accident Practices by Mothers with Toddlers: Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Amini ◽  
Narges Kalvandi ◽  
Masoud Khodaveisi ◽  
Leili Tapak
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Home accidents are one of the causes of death and disability in toddlers. This study aimed to determine the effect of education on preventive home accident practices by mothers with toddlers with regard to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methods This research was a quasi-experimental study conducted on 116 mothers referred to comprehensive health centers (58 mothers per experimental and control groups), who were selected using cluster sampling method. Data were collected by a researcher-made TPB questionnaire, and then educational intervention was performed based on the TPB in four 45-60 minute sessions for the experimental group. After two months, the data were recollected from the two groups and analyzed by SPSS software version 16. Results Comparing the scores of knowledge, TPB constructs (i.e., attitude, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and subjective norms), and preventive home accident practices of mothers revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups at the beginning of the study. After having the intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups of mothers regarding knowledge, TPB constructs (except for subjective norms), and preventive home accident practices for toddlers (p <0.001). Conclusion Preventive home accident practices adopted by mothers with toddlers enhanced after applying the TPB ; hence, this theory-based education can be used as a proper theoretical framework for toddlers’ home accident prevention.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Theory of Planned Behavior-Based Educational Intervention on Newborn Care in Pregnant Mothers: A quasi-experimental study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azamalsadat Navabi ◽  
mohsen shamsi ◽  
Mahboobeh Khorsandi ◽  
Maryam Zamanian
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Behavior Based ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Abstract Background and Purpose: The neonatal period is one of the most sensitive stages of life, requiring proper understanding and attentive care. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of theory of planned behavior-based educational intervention on newborn care in pregnant mothers. Methodology: This study was conducted as a quasi-experimental research on 100 pregnant mothers who were randomly assigned to two groups of intervention (N=50) and control (N=50). The data were collected using a theory of planned behavior-based questionnaire. Considering the effective constructs of this theory, the educational intervention was performed in the form of four 60-minute education sessions in one month in the intervention group. One month after delivery, the data were recollected from both groups and analyzed using statistical tests.Findings: The mean and standard deviation of the mothers’ age in both intervention and control groups were 26.14±4.7 and 26.10±5.19, respectively (p=0.48). Before the educational intervention, the behavioral intention of the intervention group was 3.33 (out of 5), which significantly increased to 4.54 after the educational intervention (p<0.001). In addition, the performance of mothers regarding neonatal care was significantly enhanced from 2.86 to 4.64 one month after the delivery (p=0.001). Conclusion: The theory of planned behavior-based educational intervention, along with active follow-ups, led to better and more principled behavioral intention and care provided by pregnant mothers to their newborn infants. Therefore, providing theory of planned behavior-based education in other healthcare centers is recommended.

scholarly journals Predictors of Sports Gambling among College Students: The Role of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Problem Gambling Severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1803
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Doyeon Won ◽  
Hyung Sang Jeon
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Sports Gambling ◽  
Gambling Severity

The current study investigated what influences college students’ behavioral intention and behavior towards sports gambling using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a theoretical framework. The study also explored the moderation effect of problem gambling severity in the relationships between TPB determinants, behavioral intention, and sports gambling behavior. Data were collected from 334 college students from four different universities in the U.S. and analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and multi-group analysis. The results indicated that attitude was the most critical determinant of college students’ sports gambling intentions, followed by the subjective norms, while both behavioral intention and perceived behavioral control were significant predictors of sports gambling behavior. The study also found some meaningful moderation effects of problem gambling severity. Subjective norms were influential on college students with greater problem gambling severity, while attitude was the strongest predictor of recreational sports gamblers. Suggestions on prevention and treatment programs regarding sports gambling and problem gambling are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document