The Blame Intensity Inventory: Assessing the Propensity to Blame Harshly and Its Unique Capacity to Predict Malicious Satisfaction From Offender Victimization

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722098536
Author(s):  
Michael J. Gill ◽  
Stephanie C. Cerce
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Better Than

Blame permeates our social lives. When done properly, blame can facilitate the upholding of moral norms. When done with excessive intensity or harshness, however, blame can have significant negative impacts. Here, we develop and validate a scale—the Blame Intensity Inventory—to measure individual differences in the propensity for intense blame responses. First, we present evidence for its convergent and divergent validity by examining relations with existing scales. In addition, in two studies, we show that the Blame Intensity Inventory—rooted in an affective conception of blame—predicts hostile responses to offenders better than do measures focused on blame-related cognitive appraisals (e.g., free will, intentionality). Finally, in three studies, we show that Blame Intensity uniquely predicts malicious satisfaction, or gratification upon learning that an offender has suffered gratuitous harm. Results are discussed in terms of important research questions that could be addressed using the Blame Intensity Inventory.

The Blame Intensity Inventory: Assessing the Propensity to Blame Harshly and Its Unique Capacity to Predict Malicious Satisfaction from Offender Victimization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Gill ◽  
Stephanie Cerce
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Blame permeates our social lives. When done properly, blame can facilitate the upholding of moral norms. When done with excessive harshness, however, blame can have significant negative impacts. Here, we develop and validate a scale—the Blame Intensity Inventory—to measure individual differences in the propensity for harsh blame responses. First, we present evidence for its unifactorial structure and test-retest reliability. Then, we present evidence for its convergent and divergent validity by examining relations with existing scales. Finally, across three experiments we show that Blame Intensity uniquely predicts—controlling for other predictors—an important phenomenon: Malicious satisfaction, or gratification upon learning that an offender has been brutally victimized. Results are discussed in terms of important research questions that could be addressed using the Blame Intensity Inventory.

scholarly journals Auswirkungen des Douglasienanbaus auf die Biodiversität: wichtige Forschungsfragen (Essay)

2017 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Holderegger ◽  
Kurt Bollmann ◽  
Peter Brang ◽  
Thomas Wohlgemuth
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Forest Biodiversity ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Dispersal Distances

Effects of Douglas fir cultivation on biodiversity: important research questions (essay) Relevant scientific knowledge is still missing for a sound assessment of whether Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) can be silviculturally integrated in Switzerland without having negative effects on forest biodiversity. This includes the assessment of dispersal distances and the extent and locations of natural regeneration as well as the possible negative impacts on biodiversity of Douglas fir in different mixing ratios with other tree species. In this article, we show with what kinds of methods these research questions can be addressed.

A brief scale of pathological worry that everyone already has

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Verkuil ◽  
Briana Brownlow ◽  
Michael Vasey ◽  
Jos F. Brosschot ◽  
Julian F. Thayer
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Central Process ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Excellent Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Pathological Worry ◽  
Anxiety Questionnaire

Worry is a central process in a wide range of psychopathological and somatic conditions. Three studies (N = 856) were used to test whether a subscale composed of five items of the most commonly used trait anxiety questionnaire, Spielberger’s State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait version (STAI-T), is appropriate to measure worry. Results showed that the subscale, named the Brief Worry Scale (BWS), had excellent internal consistency and temporal stability. Convergent and divergent validity were supported by correlation analyses using worry questionnaires and measures of anxious arousal and depression. The BWS was a particularly good predictor of the pathogenic aspects of worry, including worry perseveration in daily life (study 1), measures of clinical worry (study 2) and the uncontrollability of experimentally induced worry (study 3). Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the BWS might be a valuable scale for pathological worry, for which many researchers already have data.

scholarly journals Design and psychometric evaluation of epilepsy-related apathy scale (E-RAS) in adults with epilepsy: a sequential exploratory mixed methods design

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Shamsalinia ◽  
Mozhgan Moradi ◽  
Reza Ebrahimi Rad ◽  
Reza Ghadimi ◽  
Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Mixed Methods Design ◽  
Scale Evaluation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity

Abstract Background Apathy in patients with epilepsy is associated with a wide range of consequences that reduce the patient’s ability to perform social functions and participate in self-care and rehabilitation programs. Therefore, apathy is one of the important diagnoses of the healthcare team in the process of caring for epileptic patients and its dimensions need to be examined and recognized. Therefore, appropriate instruments with the sociocultural milieu of each community should be provided to health care providers. The aim of the present study was to design and measure epilepsy–related apathy scale (E-RAS) in adults with epilepsy. Methods This study of sequential exploratory mixed methods design was conducted in Iran from April 2019 to December 2019. In the Item generation stage, two inductive (face-to-face and semi-structured interviews with 17 adult epileptic patients) and deductive (literature review) were used. In item reduction, integration of qualitative and literature reviews and scale evaluation were accomplished. For Scale Evaluation, face, content, construct [exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 360) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 200)], convergent and divergent Validity and reliability (internal consistency and stability) were investigated. Results The results of EFA showed that E-RAS has four factors, namely, motivation; self-regulatory; cognition and emotional-effective. These four latent factors accounted for a total of 48.351% of the total variance in the E-RAS construct. The results of CFA showed that the 4-factor model of E-RAS has the highest fit with the data. The results of convergent and divergent validity showed that the values of composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE) for the four factors were greater than 0.7 and 0.5, respectively, and the value of AVE for each factor was greater than CR. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the whole scale was obtained 0.815. The results of the test-retest showed that there was a significant agreement between the test and retest scores (P < 0.001). Conclusion E-RAS is a multidimensional construct consisting of 24 items, and has acceptable validity and reliability for the study of epilepsy-related apathy in adult epileptic patients.

Deep Compressive Offloading

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Shuochao Yao ◽  
Jinyang Li ◽  
Dongxin Liu ◽  
Tianshi Wang ◽  
Shengzhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
Visual Inputs ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Tracking Objects

Future mobile and embedded systems will be smarter and more user-friendly. They will perceive the physical environment, understand human context, and interact with end-users in a human-like fashion. Daily objects will be capable of leveraging sensor data to perform complex estimation and recognition tasks, such as recognizing visual inputs, understanding voice commands, tracking objects, and interpreting human actions. This raises important research questions on how to endow low-end embedded and mobile devices with the appearance of intelligence despite their resource limitations.

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