Happiness Singled Out: Bidirectional Associations Between Singlehood and Life Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110490
Author(s):  
Jeewon Oh ◽  
William J. Chopik ◽  
Richard E. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Panel Models ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Bidirectional Influences

Despite constituting a large portion of society, single people—and their satisfaction with singlehood and life—are rarely examined in their own right. How happy are single people and does their happiness change over time? In 3,439 people followed over 10 years, we found that people reported being more satisfied than not, but both singlehood satisfaction and life satisfaction declined over time. Older adults, men, and highly educated people, and people with worse health reported lower singlehood satisfaction. Constrained random-intercept cross-lagged panel models suggested that singlehood and life satisfaction had lagged bidirectional influences with each other. Results are discussed in the context of the origins of singlehood satisfaction and life satisfaction.

USE OF THE MENTAL FUNCTION INDEX IN OLDER ADULTS: RELIABILITY, VALIDITY, AND MEASUREMENT OF CHANGE OVER TIME

1984 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 922-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. PFEFFER ◽  
T. T. KUROSAKI ◽  
J. M. CHANCE ◽  
S. FILOS ◽  
D. BATES
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Function ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Measurement Of Change ◽  
Function Index ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Change Over Time in Caregiving Networks for Older Adults With and Without Dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1563-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda C Spillman ◽  
Vicki A Freedman ◽  
Judith D Kasper ◽  
Jennifer L Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Caregiver Training ◽  
Task Sharing ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
National Estimates ◽  
Multiple Task ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives We provide national estimates of caregiving networks for older adults with and without dementia and examine how these networks develop over time. Most prior research has focused on primary caregivers and rarely on change over time. Method We identify a cohort of older adults continuously followed in the National Health and Aging Trends Study between 2011 and 2015 and receiving help from family members or unpaid caregivers in 2015 (n = 1,288). We examine differences by dementia status in network size, types of assistance and task sharing, and composition—differentiating between “specialist” and “generalist” caregivers helping in one versus multiple activity domains. Multinomial regression is used to estimate change over time in network task sharing and composition. Results In 2015, older adults with dementia had larger caregiving networks involving more task sharing than those without dementia and more often relied on generalist caregivers, especially the subset assisting with medical, household, and mobility or self-care activities. Uniformly greater reliance over time on these more intensely engaged generalist caregivers chiefly accounts for larger dementia networks. Discussion Findings lend support to the need for caregiver training on managing multiple task domains and—for dementia caregivers in particular—task-sharing skills. More generally, the design of new approaches to better support older adults and their caregivers should consider the complexity, heterogeneity, and change over time in caregiving networks.

scholarly journals Concurrent and longitudinal associations of peers’ acceptance with emotion and effortful control in kindergarten

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciel M. Hernández ◽  
Nancy Eisenberg ◽  
Carlos Valiente ◽  
Anjolii Diaz ◽  
Sarah K. VanSchyndel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Peer Acceptance ◽  
Panel Models ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
Peer Nominations ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of the study was to evaluate bidirectional associations between peer acceptance and both emotion and effortful control during kindergarten ( N = 301). In both the fall and spring semesters, we obtained peer nominations of acceptance, measures of positive and negative emotion based on naturalistic observations in school (i.e., classroom, lunch/recess), and observers’ reports of effortful control (i.e., inhibitory control, attention focusing) and emotions (i.e., positive, negative). In structural equation panel models, peer acceptance in fall predicted higher effortful control in spring. Effortful control in fall did not predict peer acceptance in spring. Negative emotion predicted lower peer acceptance across time for girls but not for boys. Peer acceptance did not predict negative or positive emotion over time. In addition, we tested interactions between positive or negative emotion and effortful control predicting peer acceptance. Positive emotion predicted higher peer acceptance for children low in effortful control.

The Role of Optimism on the Relationship Between Activity Limitations and Life Satisfaction Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the United States: A Growth Curve Model of Changes Over Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110566
Author(s):  
Kent Jason Go Cheng ◽  
Darcy Jones (DJ) McMaughan ◽  
Matthew Lee Smith
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Activity Limitations ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Activity limitations can diminish life satisfaction. This study explored the role of optimism on the relationship between changes in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/IADL) limitations and life satisfaction over time among middle-aged and older adults. Growth curve modeling accounting for intra- and inter-individual changes in life satisfaction was applied to the 2008–2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study Leave Behind Survey subsample ( n = 39,122 person-years). After controlling for sociodemographic factors, physical functioning decline adversely affected life satisfaction ( βADL = −0.12, βIADL = −0.13, p < 0.001), but the negative consequences reduced slightly through optimism ( βADL = −0.11, βIADL = −0.12, βoptimism = 0.47, p < 0.001). Increasing optimism could reduce the negative consequences of ADL/IADL limitations on life satisfaction among middle-aged to older adults.

scholarly journals Positive or negative spirals of online behavior? Exploring reciprocal associations between being the actor and the recipient of prosocial and antisocial behavior online

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 3437-3456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Erreygers ◽  
Heidi Vandebosch ◽  
Ivana Vranjes ◽  
Elfi Baillien ◽  
Hans De Witte
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Online Behavior ◽  
Cyberbullying Victimization ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Lagged Effects ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
Reciprocal Associations ◽  
Over Time

Bidirectional associations between being cyberbullied and cyberbullying others have been suggested, as well as bidirectional patterns of online prosocial behavior (reciprocity). However, so far, these relations have been studied as population-level associations, and it is not clear whether they also reflect within-person behavioral patterns. Therefore, this study aimed to disentangle between-person and within-person processes in online antisocial (cyberbullying) and prosocial behavior over time. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models were used to examine long-term within-person patterns of involvement in cyberbullying and online prosocial behavior. The findings showed no within-person effects between cyberbullying victimization and perpetration over time. In contrast, results did reveal significant within-person autoregressive effects of performing and receiving online prosocial behavior over time, and within-person cross-lagged effects between receiving online prosocial behavior and acting prosocially later on. These results indicate long-term positive, reinforcing spirals of prosocial exchanges, but no long-term negative spirals of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization.

scholarly journals Corrigendum: Change Over Time in Caregiving Networks for Older Adults With and Without Dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1620-1620
Author(s):  
Brenda C Spillman ◽  
Vicki A Freedman ◽  
Judith D Kasper ◽  
Jennifer L Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Evidence on the Bidirectional Relationship Between Health and Life Satisfaction in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darío Moreno-Agostino ◽  
Francisco José Abad ◽  
Francisco Félix Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractPrevious research on health and life satisfaction in older adults has suggested a bidirectional relationship. However, most evidence either is based on cross-sectional data, being unsuitable for inferring any directionality on the results, or disregards the within-person stability of both variables over time, thus providing potentially biased results. We analysed data from 11,667 older adults interviewed between 2008 and 2016 within the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. A health measure including self-reported and measured tests on cognitive and physical performance was computed using a Bayesian multilevel item-response theory approach. Life satisfaction was assessed with the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Cross-lagged models using a Structural Equation Modelling approach were used to analyse the longitudinal interrelation between health and life satisfaction. Models accounting and not accounting for the within-person stability in the measures were computed. Additional sensitivity models were ran using an exclusively self-reported measure of health. Health and life satisfaction were significant longitudinal predictors of one another only when the within-person stability was not considered. The effect of life satisfaction on health became negligible once that stability was modelled. The impact of not accounting for within-person stability was larger when health was measured exclusively with self-reported information. Our study suggests that health and life satisfaction are not bidirectionally related in older adults, but only health predicts a better life satisfaction over time. Thus, policies aimed at fostering older adults’ life satisfaction by focusing on health enhancement and maintenance may be fruitful, whereas the opposite may not.

Experiences of Older Adults who Stopped Driving Because of their Visual Impairments: Part 2

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 485-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne L. Corn ◽  
L. Penny Rosenblum
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Over Time

This article is the second in a three-part series that provides data from interviews of 162 adult subjects aged 60 and older who stopped driving due to a visual impairment. Part Two describes the availability and use of different forms of transportation, ways subjects access transportation to carry out daily activities, subjects’ experiences with drivers, and how nondriving has affected subjects on a personal level. Of special interest is how emotions change over time.

scholarly journals DAILY EMOTIONS AND STRESS: AGE CHANGES AND DIFFERENCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S576-S576
Author(s):  
Jessica Blaxton ◽  
Cindy Bergeman ◽  
Lijuan (Peggy) Wang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Stress Experience ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Global Stress ◽  
Midlife Adults ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Developmental processes differ between individuals (interindividual differences), fluctuate within them on a short-term basis (intraindividual variability), and change over time on a longer-term basis (intraindividual change; Nesselroade, 1991). We situate the relationship between stress and emotions in this process-oriented perspective by examining how the daily relationship between stress and negative affect (NA) as well as stress and positive affect (PA) change over time, while considering cross-sectional age and stress differences. Participants (N = 966) completed daily questionnaires assessing stress, NA, and PA. Three-level multi-level models depicted how cross-sectional age, within-person age changes, and global stress differences impact the daily stress-affect relationship. Findings illustrate that cross-sectional age and the aging process uniquely buffer the stress-NA relationship whereas global stress exacerbates it. Furthermore, older adults as well as adults with low global stress experience a weaker relationship between daily stress and PA as they age, but midlife adults and adults with high global stress experience a stronger relationship. These results depict differences in aging trajectories for both midlife and older adults and thus inform intervention and preventative care strategies aimed toward promoting emotional well-being, suggesting that targeting these strategies at the daily level can promote better stress regulation. Furthermore, we see that midlife adults and adults with greater global stress perceptions are most in need of these interventions, and encouraging these adults to maintain PA in the face of daily stress can be particularly beneficial.

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