Bureaucratic Effectiveness and Civil Rights Enforcement

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Bullock ◽  
Eric M. Wilk ◽  
Charles M. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Fair Housing ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Fair Housing Act ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Dollar Amount ◽  
Local Agencies ◽  
The U.S

This article compares federal, state, and local civil rights agencies’ effectiveness in enforcing the Fair Housing Act. Two factors primarily define effective enforcement: whether agencies’ conciliation efforts are more likely to lead to agreements between the parties involved in complaints and whether agencies are more likely to provide remedies to complainants in cases in which there is cause to believe discrimination occurred. The analysis shows that state and local agencies are generally more effective than the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) both at conciliating complaints and at providing remedies. HUD does appear to be more effective than state and local agencies in terms of the dollar amount of monetary relief awarded when successful conciliations occur, but HUD’s remedial effectiveness disappears after controlling for the likelihood of successful conciliations.

Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing and the Inclusive Communities Project Case

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Philip D. Tegeler
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Fair Housing ◽  
Obama Administration ◽  
Economic Segregation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Fair Housing Act ◽  
State And Local

The Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) provisions of the 1968 Fair Housing Act require affirmative steps by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and its grantees to promote residential integration. By the beginning of the Obama administration, compliance with this provision had become an empty bureaucratic ritual for many jurisdictions and was identified as a key civil rights reform for the new HUD secretary. The final AFFH rule, issued in 2015, represents an important modernization of the Fair Housing Act’s AFFH provision and also signals a new kind of partnership among federal, state, and local governments to address racial and economic segregation.

Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards on Fishery Ecosystems

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Federal State ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Poster Abstract ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Fishery Habitat ◽  
Local Agencies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Conservation And Management

<em>Poster Abstract</em>.—The U.S. Congress, under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006, mandated a report on the impact of hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma on commercial and recreational fishery habitat, including that of shrimp and oysters, for Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. The report was compiled by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries Office of Habitat Conservation with assistance by staff from the Southeast Region and the Southeast Fisheries Science Center and input from other elements of NOAA; federal, state, and local agencies; and academic institutions.

Images of Race, Class, and Markets: Rethinking the Origin of U.S. Fair Housing Policy

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara S. Sidney
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Presidential Campaign ◽  
Executive Order ◽  
Fair Housing ◽  
Housing Discrimination ◽  
The North ◽  
American Values ◽  
Fair Housing Act ◽  
Housing Professionals ◽  
The 1960S

As the first national law to address racial discrimination in housing, the 1968 Fair Housing Act was truly a landmark piece of legislation. It prohibited homeowners, real-estate agents, lenders, and other housing professionals from engaging in a range of practices they had commonly used to keep neighborhoods racially segregated, such as refusing to sell or rent to a person because of his or her race, lying about the availability of a dwelling, or blockbusting (inducing white owners to sell by telling them that blacks were moving into the neighborhood). The last of the 1960s-era civil rights laws, the Fair Housing Act tackled the arena long felt to be the most sensitive to whites. Intense controversy, demonstrations, and violence over fair housing issues had occurred in many cities and states since at least the 1940s. Although John F. Kennedy promised during his presidential campaign to end housing discrimination “with the stroke of a pen,” once elected, he waited two years to sign a limited executive order. In 1966, a fair housing bill supported by President Johnson failed in Congress. Unlike other civil rights bills, the issue of housing evoked opposition not just from the South but also from the North. Opponents claimed that it challenged basic American values such as “a man's home is his castle”; to supporters, the symbolism of homeownership as “the American Dream” only underscored the importance of ensuring that housing was available to all Americans, regardless of race.

The “Hollow Prospect” of Integration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward G. Goetz
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Black Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
African American Community ◽  
Fair Housing ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
The U.S

This chapter describes the tension between integration and community development from the 1940s through the end of the 1960s. It describes the conflict within the African-American community between efforts to achieve integration on the one hand and building power and capacity within the community on the other. It describes the emergence and evolution of the fair housing movement in the U.S. Finally, the ways in which this conflict played out during the civil rights and Black Power eras is highlighted.

Civil Rights, Law and Order, and Urban Development in the Post–Home Rule Era

2019 ◽  
pp. 229-246
Author(s):  
Lauren Pearlman
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
True Self ◽  
Richard Nixon ◽  
Mayoral Election ◽  
Lyndon Johnson ◽  
Crime Legislation ◽  
The U.S

The conclusion discusses key trends in the shift to black political power after the 1974 election of Walter Washington, assesses the 1978 mayoral election of Marion Barry, and explains the outcomes of the programs implemented and projects undertaken during the Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon presidencies. Self-government in the nation’s capital was not a simple or arcane issue about representation but one that was central to conflicts between local and national powers. The implementation of the 1973 home rule legislation granted rights to self-government, but it did not change the U.S. Constitution. The conclusion shows how legislative home rule allowed Congress to grant autonomy to the local government while reserving the ability to intervene and overrule the District at any time. Through intense fights and increased activism, Washingtonians fought for greater political control. But the racialization of crime policies and crime discourse, the use of new surveillance methods, and the implementation of punitive federal crime legislation curbed their efforts to achieve true self- determination. This ensured that the majority-black city with a strong civil rights tradition and hints of radical promise never fulfilled its democratic potential.

Repräsentative Kollektivklagen im Antidiskriminierungsvertragsrecht

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Elise Braunroth
Keyword(s):  
Contract Law ◽  
Law And Literature ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Fair Housing ◽  
Consumer Law ◽  
Collective Redress ◽  
Fair Housing Act ◽  
The U.S

The thesis examines the possibilities to collectively enforce prohibitions of discrimination in contract law which have yet not been fully clarified in law and literature. Since the General Act on Equal Treatment does not stipulate respective regulations for collective redress, the fundamental question is to what extent these prohibitions can be qualified as consumer protection and be enforced by means of consumer collective redress. The author, who works as a consultant for the Federal Anti-Discrimination Agency, explores the effectiveness and limitations of such enforcement by means of consumer law, also in comparison with special anti-discrimination collective actions as regulated under the U.S. Fair Housing Act.

TRAINING AND DOCUMENTATION1

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 1011-1011
Author(s):  
Michael D. Cain ◽  
Linda C. George
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Administrative Support ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Response Training ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Local Agencies

ABSTRACT This presentation will visually demonstrate information on oil spill response training and documentation for compliance with current requirements, with a link to the response training and documentation requirements of international, federal, state, and local agencies. Administrative support and a computer-generated tracking system are used to assist in compliance with these regulatory requirements.

scholarly journals How Do California’s Local Governments Fund Surface Transportation? A Guide to Revenue Sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha Weinstein Agrawal ◽  
Kevin Yong Lee ◽  
Serena Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Revenue Sources ◽  
Surface Transportation ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Local Agencies ◽  
Looking Back

California local agencies raise the revenue to support high-quality transportation services and infrastructure from a patchwork of federal, state, and local sources. To assist policymakers and transportation experts as they explore options for creating a more sustainable funding system, this report presents an overview of the taxes and fees that currently generate revenue ultimately dedicated to paying for transportation at the sub-state—or “local”—level. The discussion covers federal and state as well as local sources. The report also traces the evolving contribution from each level of government for expenditures on California’s local streets and roads and public transit, looking back two decades. The report concludes with a discussion of options for increasing local transportation revenue

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