The Association of Background and Network Type Among Older Americans

This study examined the sociodemographic and health correlates of social network types among older Americans. It also considered whether greater human capital is associated with embeddedness in more socially endowed network types. Data from the first wave of the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (NSHAP) were employed, focusing on the 65 years and older subsample. Multivariate logistic regressions were executed with core sociodemographic and health characteristics viewed in relation to five social network types: diverse, friend, congregant, family, and restricted networks. The analysis showed that religion, educational level, ethnicity, and gender were indeed associated with network type, to varying degrees. Age was unrelated to network type, but the interaction of disability and age was. Moreover, human capital was found to be partially correlated with social network type, mainly in the friend network. The findings substantiate that older Americans coalesce in varied social network types and that these interpersonal constellations are differentially associated with background characteristics.

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Social Network Type and Health among Older Americans

International Perspectives on Aging - Social Capital as a Health Resource in Later Life: The Relevance of Context ◽

10.1007/978-94-017-9615-6_2 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 15-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sharon Shiovitz-Ezra ◽

Howard Litwin

Keyword(s):

Social Network ◽

Older Americans ◽

Network Type

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Social Network Type and Subjective Well-being in a National Sample of Older Americans

The Gerontologist ◽

10.1093/geront/gnq094 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 379-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 193

Author(s):

H. Litwin ◽

S. Shiovitz-Ezra

Keyword(s):

Social Network ◽

Well Being ◽

National Sample ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Older Americans ◽

Network Type

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Gender Inequality: Sorting Out the Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Gender in the Anglo Male-Latino Female Earnings Gap

Sociological Perspectives ◽

10.2307/1389419 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 497-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Manuel Avalos

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Gender Inequality ◽

Men And Women ◽

Latino Women ◽

Human Capital Model ◽

Earnings Gap ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

And Gender ◽

Ethnicity And Gender ◽

The U.S

One of the most significant features of the U.S. economy in the 20th Century is the persistent earnings gap between men and women. The gap in earnings between Anglo men and women of color has also been an enduring featue of the U.S. labor market. Since 1949, the earnings gap between Latino women and Anglo men has remained virtually the same (53%–55%), even though Latinos have steadily increased their labor force participation at a faster rate than any other female group. While this form of gender inequality has received considerable attention, only a few studies have focused on the earnings of Latino women. This exploratory study tests the ability of a human capital model to explain earnings inequalities between Latino women (Mexican-American, Puerto Rican, and Cuban) and Anglo men. Using regression decomposition analyses, we also examine how the factors of race/ethnicity and gender affect the earnings differences between men and women. Our findings indicate that the human capital model accounts for less than 25% of the earnings difference between our male and female groups. When we control for the net effect of ethnicity holding gender constant, we find that the human capital model accounts for 83% of the earnings difference between Anglo women and racial/ethnic women, suggesting that gender is an important predictor in explaining the earnings gap. Given these results, we offer other possible explanations (e.g., economic restructuring) for the persistence of the inequality of earnings between Latino women and Anglo men. We conclude with some policy suggestions for alleviating this labor market problem.

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Pemikiran Gus Dur Tentang Pendidikan Islam Multikultural

FIKROH: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pendidikan Islam ◽

10.37812/fikroh.v12i2.51 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 41-59

Author(s):

Mulyadi Mulyadi

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Logical Consequence ◽

Deep Understanding ◽

Islamic Education ◽

Equal Rights ◽

Religious Knowledge ◽

Library Research ◽

And Gender ◽

Humanitarian Values ◽

Ethnicity And Gender

This study aims to explore Gus Dur's views on multiculturalism and the concept of multicultural Islamic education. This research belongs to the category of library research, because the main data source comes from literature review. The collected data is then analyzed using content analysis techniques with a descriptive approach. Indonesia is a country that consists of various ethnic groups, races, ethnicities, religions, languages. This diversity is a uniqueness that characterizes the Indonesian nation, diversity is sunnatullah, but on one side of the diversity often lead to conflicts between groups that have differences from one another. Multiculturalism is an understanding that upholds the values of tolerance between groups with differing views on ethnicity, religion, culture, race, ethnicity and gender, this understanding offers equality between groups, and further promotes human values, namely equal rights to life. One of the ways to provide multicultural understanding is through education. The results showed that Gus Dur's multiculturalism thinking included several aspects, namely, the indigenization of Islam who wanted to integrate Islam with local culture. Democracy and the enforcement of human rights is a logical consequence that is considered as one of the dimensions and an inseparable part of Islamic teachings, so that the commitment to uphold humanitarian values is obligatory. Humanism and plurality are entirely based on a deep understanding of the teachings of Islam and NU's own scientific traditions. The characteristics of Gus Dur's multiculturalism thinking are highly anthropological theological that emphasizes social contextualism. And the results of Gus Dur's thoughts on the concept of Multicultural Islamic education include the idea of Gus Dur in an effort to display the image of Islamic education into social life is a multicultural-based Islamic education. Gus Dur believes that multicultural Islamic education can be done with various approaches and strategies. The curriculum that must be achieved in multicultural-based Islamic education must contain the universalism of Islamic teachings, humanitarian principles, the purpose of education must be emphasized more on the affective and psychomotor aspects coupled with spiritual and humanism aspects. Application of multicultural Islamic education, so that students who study are students who have religious knowledge and have a strong general knowledge in a balanced way.

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The association between social network relationships and depressive symptoms among older Americans: what matters most?

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610211000251 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 930-940 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Howard Litwin

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Network ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Social Life ◽

Religious Affiliation ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Perceived Quality ◽

Functional Health ◽

Network Type

ABSTRACTBackground: Although social network relationships are linked to mental health in late life, it is still unclear whether it is the structure of social networks or their perceived quality that matters.Methods: The current study regressed a dichotomous 8-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-8) score on measures of social network relationships among Americans, aged 65–85 years, from the first wave of the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project. The network indicators included a structural variable – social network type – and a series of relationship quality indicators: perceived positive and negative ties with family, friends and spouse/ partner. Multivariate logistic regression analyses controlled for age, gender, education, income, race/ethnicity, religious affiliation, functional health and physical health.Results: The perceived social network quality variables were unrelated to the presence of a high level of depressive symptoms, but social network type maintained an association with this mental health outcome even after controlling for confounders. Respondents embedded in resourceful social network types in terms of social capital – “diverse,” “friend” and “congregant” networks – reported less presence of depressive symptoms, to varying degrees.Conclusions: The results show that the structure of the network seems to matter more than the perceived quality of the ties as an indicator of depressive symptoms. Moreover, the composite network type variable stands out in capturing the differences in mental state. The construct of network type should be incorporated in mental health screening among older people who reside in the community. One's social network type can be an important initial indicator that one is at risk.

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