Extension of Future Time Perspective in Motivational Goals of Different Age Groups

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy Lens ◽  
Antoine Gailly
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Future Extension ◽  
The Mean

Age related differences in extension of future time perspective in motivational goals are studied at three socio-economic levels in a representative sample of the French speaking adult population in Belgium. The hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped relationship between age and extension of future time perspective is tested statistically. It cannot be maintained when using two indices of future extension that are borrowed from earlier studies in this field: (a) the proportion of number of references to the near future to the number of references to the distant future, and (b) the mean future extension score in number of years. The proportion of the mean future extension score to the statistically calculated expected life time is proposed as a new and better index of future extension for comparing different age groups. With this new index the hypothesis is confirmed at the three socioeconomic levels. The limits of the cross-sectional method that is used and the relative value of the new index of extension of future time perspective are discussed.

scholarly journals Occupational Future Time Perspective Mediates Age Differences in Conflict Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 406-406
Author(s):  
Dannii Yeung ◽  
Alvin Ho
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Variations ◽  
Conflict Strategies

Abstract Building on the theoretical framework of socioemotional selectivity theory (Carstensen, 2006), this presentation reports the findings of two studies conducted in Hong Kong Chinese workers to examine whether occupational future time perspective (OFTP) can account for the age differences in conflict strategies. Study 1 is a cross-sectional study with 416 working adults completed an online survey on conflict management (Mage=39.1 years, SD=12.1), and Study 2 is a laboratory study with 123 workers (Mage=40.1 years, SD=12.1) indicated their behavioural responses after watching hypothetical workplace conflict videos. In both studies, five conflict strategies (integrating, compromising, obliging, avoiding, and dominating) and OFTP (focus on opportunities and focus on limitations) were assessed. Parallel mediation analyses were performed. The results of Study 1 showed that both focus on opportunities and focus on limitations mediated the effects of age on obliging (b = -.006, SE=.002; and b = .006, SE=.002, respectively), avoiding (b = -.005, SE=.002; and b =.008, SE=.002, respectively), and dominating (b = -.014, SE=.003; and b = .009, SE=.002, respectively). Focus on opportunities could only account for the effects of age on integrating and compromising. The results of Study 2 showed that only focus on limitation could account for the age variations in the use of avoiding (b = .196, SE = .058) when facing intergenerational conflicts. The findings of this project reveal that the age-related focus on limitations increases older workers’ likelihood to utilize maladaptive conflict strategies, such as dominating and avoiding, to deal with conflicts occurred in the workplace.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

Contrasting the Effects of Mortality Salience and Future Time Limitation on Goal Prioritization in Older and Younger Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 2112-2121
Author(s):  
Helene H Fung ◽  
Steven Tsun-Wai Chu ◽  
Da Jiang ◽  
Amber Xuqian Chen ◽  
Carson Chuen Ng
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Mortality Salience ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Socioemotional Selectivity ◽  
Cultural Worldview ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cultural Worldviews ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Objectives This study aims at contrasting the effects of limited future time perspective and mortality salience on goal prioritization across adulthood. Socioemotional selectivity theory (SST) argues that people increasingly prioritize emotionally meaningful goals when they perceive future time as more limited. Terror management theory (TMT) suggests that mortality salience (i.e., the awareness of one’s mortality) drives people to prioritize the goal of perpetuating own existence through affirming cultural worldview. Method In this study, participants (N = 438) were randomly assigned to six conditions that primed (a) limited future time, (b) mortality salience, (c) death reflection, (d) both limited future time and mortality salience, (e) both limited future time, and death reflection, or (f) none. Results Results showed that older adults allocated significantly more resources to emotionally close recipients who supported their cultural worldviews in conditions involving future time limitation and death reflection. They also allocated less resources to emotionally not close recipients who did not support their cultural worldviews in conditions involving future time limitation. Younger adults did not show these differences. Nor did mortality salience have any effect. Discussion These results suggest that future time perspective and death reflection shift age-related goals more than mortality salience.

Extension temporelle des buts et âge chronologique au cours de la vieillesse

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léandre Bouffard ◽  
Etienne Bastin ◽  
Sylvie Lapierre
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Similar Tendency ◽  
Future Extension ◽  
Negative Factors

ABSTRACTFuture time perspective (FTP), defined as the temporal extension of goals, is considered, by some authors, to be increasingly limited in older age. Restriction in FTP is sometimes observed in the elderly but could be explained by various factors other than age. In order to verify this hypothesis, the aspirations or goals of 708 elderly (aged 65 to 90 years) were collected with a sentence completion technique. An index of future extension was established after the analysis of answers. The results confirm that there is no relationship between FTP and chronological age for the elderly. A reduced FTP is observed for women. A similar tendency is found for subjects of low socio-economic status and for subjects of low educational level. FTP is also relatively stable for healthy and autonomous subjects and it increases in subjects of low autonomy who are still living at home. This research shows that, even in the presence of negative factors and with individual differences taken into account, elderly persons have goals and are open to the future.

scholarly journals Current Status of Periodontal Disease in Adults in Takahagi, Japan:A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Sekino ◽  
Ryoichi Takahashi ◽  
Yukihiro Numabe ◽  
Hiroshi Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background : To date, a few studies have documented the detailed periodontal conditions of a Japanese population. It is important to know if the awareness of Japanese nationals and dentists regarding oral hygiene and prevention of periodontal disease have improved when compared with the past in Japan for the development of future scenarios regarding prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate the severity, prevalence, and extent of periodontal disease in the adult population of the city of Takahagi, Japan. Results were also compared with those of an epidemiological study performed in Japan in the 1980s. Methods : A total of 582 (aged 20 to 89 years) randomly sampled Takahagi residents answered a comprehensive questionnaire and participated in clinical examinations. Results : The mean percentages of tooth surfaces harboring plaque and exhibiting BOP were 59.5 ± 24.9% and 31.1 ± 21.1%, respectively. The mean PPD and CAL were 2.5 ± 0.5 mm and 2.9 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. Compared with results of the 1980s survey, the mean percentages of plaque and bleeding on probing were lower in the current population. The mean CAL and prevalence of attachment loss of ³5 mm in some age groups were higher in the present study than in the 1980s study. There were no statistically significant differences with respect to mean probing depth between the 1980s and current age groups. Conclusions : Periodontal disease was still prevalent in the current Japanese population, even though some improvement occurred. Proper public health programs therefore need to be established.

Revisiting the Age Construct: Implications for Service Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 109467052097513
Author(s):  
Volker G. Kuppelwieser ◽  
Philipp Klaus
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Marketing Practice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cognitive Age

People in the older consumer segment spend more money on services than those in other segments, making them a desired target for service providers. This universal trend has led researchers to start discussing this trend’s implications for service research and marketing practice. These discussions’ results are ambiguous because service researchers and managers face the problem of having to choose between three main age constructs: chronological age, cognitive age, and future time perspective (FTP). Unfortunately, current age-related research lacks an understanding of their real value, as only a few studies have combined them to discuss their specific impact. Recognizing this gap in the literature, this article compares the three age constructs in behavioral and perceptional settings. We highlight each age construct’s merits and weaknesses as well as exploring which construct delivers the best results in which service context. Bayesian analyses of our data reveal that chronological age has its merits as a control variable but does not sufficiently discriminate between age groups’ behavior and perceptions. Cognitive age is useful if customers’ own age perceptions are included but only identifies age differences in specific service settings. FTP consistently detects age-related differences in customers’ perceptions and in their behavior in all contexts.

Radiographic morphometry of the hoof and third phalanx of apparently healthy Nigerian horses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Ogbanya ◽  
C.A. Eze ◽  
J.I. Ihedioha
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The objective of the study was to establish reference values for radiographic soft tissue indices of the hooves of apparently healthy Nigerian horses and to identify sex and age-related variations if any. Lateromedial radiographic examinations of the forelimb hooves of 52 apparently healthy Nigerian horses of both sexes aged young (1 – 5years), adult (6 – 10years) and old (11years and above) were carried out in the cross-sectional survey design. Radiographic soft tissue indices such as hoof wall distal phalanx distance (HWDPD), hoof wall proximal phalanx distance (HWPPD), coronary extensor distance (CED), sole depth (SD), hoof cup (HC), palmarocortical length (PCL) of the third phalanx, hoof wall angle (HWA), angle of third phalanx (AP3) and angle of rotation (AR) were measured and compared between sexes and among age groups. There was no significant sex variations in the indices investigated. However, the mean SD and HC showed age-related significant variation. The mean SD was only significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in old horses compared to young and adult horses. The mean values of HC were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in adult and old horses compared to young horses. Radiographic morphometric indices assessed in this study may differ with those reported from other breeds, so they can be used in the future as reference values for diagnosis of laminitis in front feet of Nigerian horses.

Age Related Change of Inner Diameter of Ampulla of Fallopian Tube in Bangladeshi Female Cadaver

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Hasna Hena ◽  
Shamim Ara ◽  
Rubina Qasim ◽  
Dilruba Siddiqua ◽  
Fatema Johora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Background: The fallopian tubes act as conduit for spermatozoa to reach the oocyte and to convey the fertilized (egg) to enter the uterine cavity following fertilization. Problems with the fallopian tubes can lead to infertility. Detailed morphological and histological knowledge is essential for the diagnosis and management of fallopian tube disease.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the inner diameter of ampulla of the fallopian tube and its changes with advancing age.Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2008 to June 2009 for a period of one (01) year. This present study was performed on post mortem fallopian tubes of Bangladeshi female. Among them lowest age was 12 years and highest age was 50 years. Samples were divided into three differential age groups named asgroup A (10 to 13 years), group B (14 to 45 years), and group C (46 to 50 years). All samples were studied morphologically and histologically.Results: The mean inner diameter of the ampulla of the right and left fallopian tubes ranged from 1.99±0.08 to 3.24±0.27 mm. The difference between all the groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The mean difference of the inner diameter of the ampulla of the right and left fallopian tubesbetween groupA and groupB and groupB and groupC were statistically significant; however, there was no significant difference between right and left fallopian tube.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 137-140

On the Social Life and Motivational Changes of Aging Monkeys

Gerontology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 572-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Barbary Macaques ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Motivational Changes

Although nonhuman primates have been used in biomedical research to develop a better understanding of physiological aging processes, their value as models for studying age-related differences in motivation, cognition, and decision-making has only recently been appreciated. This paper reviews the state of the art, with a focus on a recent study on Barbary macaques. A number of studies reported that with increasing age, Old World monkeys spend more time resting, have fewer social partners, and/or spend less time in social interactions, though other studies found no such effects. Less was known about changes in cognitive performance and shifts in interest in the physical and social environment across age. A recent comprehensive study of motivational changes in a large age-heterogeneous population of Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) living at “La Forêt des Singes” in Rocamadour explicitly tested predictions from social selectivity theory, which posits that in light of a shrinking future time perspective, humans become increasingly selective in terms of their social interactions. Given that nonhuman primates most likely have no conception of their limited lifetime, this allowed disentangling the effects of cognitive insights and basal physiological processes that contribute to changes in the valuation of different activities. The Barbary macaques under study revealed marked and differential motivational shifts with age: while they interacted with fewer social partners, they continued to attend to social information. In contrast, they revealed a marked loss of interest in novel objects in early adulthood, unless these were baited with a food reward. Some of the motivational changes observed during human aging may thus be shared with our closest living relatives. The awareness of a limited future time perspective in humans may enhance the effects of these ancestral processes, but it does not appear to be the only explanation. Future studies should employ a broader array of different cognitive tests to delineate the trajectories of different cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and behavioral flexibility more clearly. Taken together, an evolutionary developmental psychology perspective that combines life span psychology with evolutionary biology appears to be a promising avenue for investigations of age-related changes in motivation and cognition.

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