Transitions and Turning Points in Developmental Psychopathology: As applied to the Age Span between Childhood and Mid-adulthood

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

In recent years, several studies have produced data showing apparent changes in early adult life of psychological life trajectories, changes that have been labelled "turning points". The concept, and the phenomena that gave rise to it, are critically reviewed in relation to developmental psychopathology. It is concluded that a wide range of experiences have been associated with such changes; that the experiences associated with them span those over which the individual has no control and those subject to individual choice and actions; that the key features associated with change usually involve particular qualities of experiences as they impinge on subsegments of the population (rather than universal life phase transitions); that the experiences are not synonymous with stressful life events; and that changes in life trajectory may reflect genetic programming or internal biological alterations rather than external happenings. Also, major life experiences may accentuate, rather than alter, individual characteristics. It is concluded that turning point effects represent a heterogeneous range of lasting changes in psychological functioning. They are important because their investigation may shed important light on developmental processes. They do not represent a simple mechanism and hence there is no hypothesis about a particular process to test, but their study is nevertheless crucial for an understanding of developmental continuities and discontinuities. Some of the key methodological issues in their investigation are reviewed.

scholarly journals Regional brands produced beyond the region: An analysis of beer brands from recently closed breweries in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-183
Author(s):  
Jiří Hasman ◽  
David Hána ◽  
Kryštof Materna
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Complete Sample ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Production Location ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Global industry has been undergoing changes in the concentration of brand ownership and production, with acquisitions and closures being a major factor in this evolution. The impacts of such activities are commonly studied from an economic perspective and from the perspective of internal firm-level and deal-level factors, while the influence of external geographical factors is largely neglected. Our research focuses mainly on the importance of geographical cultural factors affecting beer brands whose production location was moved after the closure of the original breweries. The research includes a complete sample of 30 brands from recently closed breweries across Europe. Brands are divided into seven categories according to how their marketing strategy has (or has not) changed in terms of exploiting regional and national identity. The overall success of these brands is then measured in terms of the development of their share in the home countries’ markets. Differences in brands’ strategies and successes are explained through a wide range of country-level factors and the individual characteristics of the breweries. It is shown that the level of beer tradition or identity in the countries, as well as the country’s beer life-cycle position, plays a crucial role in the evolution of the studied brands.

scholarly journals Lexicаl-Semantic and Syntactic Valency of Language Representations of the Emotional World in the Poem “Then, fare thee well” by T. Mооre

Discourse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 120-131
Author(s):  
A. V. Diehl
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Emotional Concepts

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the specificity of the lexical-semantic and syntactic valency of lexical units nominating emotions in the poem “Then, fare thee well” by T. Moore. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that it has been carried out in line with the linguo-cognitive paradigm and aims to identify the specifics of the compatibility of emotions nominations with other lexical units verbalizing the fragment of the concept “the emotional world”. The novelty of the research is associated with its anthropocentric orientation and interdisciplinary nature of the interpretation of the material, which implies the study of the artistic concept sphere “the emotional world” on the material of the poem “Then, fare thee well” by T. Moore from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics, psychology and literary criticism.Methodology and sources. The theoretical basis of this research is presented by the works of scientists V.Yu. Apresjan, E.V. Galeeva, N.A. Krasavskii, I.N. Kucher, S.G. Lyubova, K.O. Pogosova, E.A. Rozhnova, who considered the essence of emotional concepts as culturally conditioned mental constructs, i.e. directly related to the worldview of representatives of a particular ethnic group.In the article we use the following research methods: the method of definitional analysis, the functional-semantic method, the method of component analysis, the descriptive method, as well as methods of continuous sampling and quantitative data processing.Results and discussion. In the present study, the classification of lexical units verbalizing the manifestations of emotional states in the poem “Then, fare thee well” by T. Moore has been made. In the semantic structure of the lexemes under consideration, we highlight and categorize the semes marked by the correlation with the emotional sphere of people. The linguo-cognitive analysis of the lexic and syntactic valency of the primary and secondary nominations of emotions, carried out in the work, revealed the specifics of the conceptualization of emotional states and experiences in the individual author's picture of the world.Conclusion. It has been established that the artistic conceptual sphere “emotional world” in the poem “Then, fare thee well” by T. Moore consists of two closely interrelated concepts – “negative emotions” and “positive emotions”, verbalized by lexemes nominating a wide range of emotional experiences of the lyrical character. It is concluded that the associative-figurative characteristics attributed to a specific emotion in the artistic world of the author carry valuable culturally relevant information about the individual characteristics of the interpretation of emotional concepts both by the poet himself and by the “naïve” thinking of an English-speaking person as a representative of his language and culture.

Multimedia technology in musical and theoretical training of future music teachers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Khodorovska
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Multimedia Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multimedia Technologies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge ◽  
Multimedia Product

The article presents one of the most current problems of modern music and theoretical education concerning the use of multimedia music and theoretical training of future music teachers. The author actualizes an issue of updating music and pedagogic education through the introduction of a system of advanced computer technology, including the use of modern multimedia facilities in the educational process along with the traditional technologies. In the author’s opinion, it will not only increase motivation, enhance cognitive and creative activities, realize the maximum potential future professionals, but will provide an opportunity to integrate a large amount of knowledge into almost single system. The author supposes an objective demand for the active introduction of multimedia technology in the educational process of art education for the transition to a new level of music and theoretical training of the future music teachers. The article presents the term “multimedia” and defines the concept of “multimedia technology”, which is the amount of technologies that allow the computer to enter, process, store, transmit and display data such as text, graphics, animation, images, video, sound, speech, etc. The article states that the use of multimedia technologies in this field has its limits, according to the nature of music education. However, the use of multimedia technologies during the music and theoretical cycle caused by a wide range of the following tasks: increasing information saturation of the lesson, visibility, savings organizational efforts of the teacher, optimization control skills of the student, taking into account the individual characteristics of students, improvement of learning and memorizing, etc. The author emphasizes that the multimedia product as one of the most modern ways of presenting information in music and theoretical subjects, which can be represented as presentations, video-anthologies, encyclopedic textbooks, reference books, electronic books and manuals, the simulator for practicing various skills tests, quizzes and highlights the most common applications used in modern practice of teaching music and theoretical subjects

scholarly journals Connective tissue features influencing the results of abdominal hernia repair

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
L E Slavin ◽  
A N Chugunov ◽  
I Y Borissova ◽  
A Z Shakirova ◽  
R R Aliullova
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Abdominal Hernia ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Hypermobility Syndrome ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Hernia Formation ◽  
The Individual

Nowadays connective tissue disorders are considered to play a great role in abdominal hernia formation and recurrence. Benign hypermobility syndrome is associated with diffe-rent diseases of locomotive system (flat foot, scoliosis), varices of lower extremities, progressive myopia, mitral valve prolapse, tracheobronchomalacia etc. This predisposing factor favors abdominal wall debilitation, anatomical aperture’s enlargement and hernia formation. As a result, benign hypermobility syndrome hampers the post-operative scar organization even in small-sized hernias and is an important risk factor of abdominal hernia recurrence. That is why the individual choice of abdominal hernioplasty technique is justified. There is no established optimal technique of abdominal hernioplasty allowing no complications and recurrences. Thus, the understanding of morphological manifestations of tissue reaction inside the mesh endoprosthesis particularities may become of great importance to prevent abdominal hernioplasty complications. Abdominal hernioplasty technique choice is based on individual selection of endoprosthesis, depending on individual characteristics of patient’s connective tissue, abdominal hernioplasty method and endoprosthesis tendency to shrinking in late postoperative period.

scholarly journals Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and arterial hypertension: drug interaction-adjusted management of patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
K. M. Muratov ◽  
E. V. Shikh ◽  
N. I. Lapidus ◽  
Zh. I. Sizova
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Antihypertensive Therapy ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Individual

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most common drugs in clinical practice and account for 5–10% of all drugs prescribed each year. However, the use of this group of drugs is associated with the risk of a wide range of side effects, most of which are cardiovascular complications. In addition, NSAIDs interact with other drugs, for example, their effect on antihypertensive therapy has recently been recognized as particularly important. Improvement of not only efficacy, but also safety is another important principle of rational pharmacotherapy. Adverse drug reactions (ADR) can very often result from underlying genetic factors of the human body. In this regard, a personalized approach suggesting the prescription of drugs according to the individual characteristics of patients is especially important. In such cases, pharmacogenetic testing is the most promising method that identifies the genetic factors of patients and allows to predict patients’ responses to specific drugs. This applies especially to a large range of drugs metabolised via the cytochrome P450 system in the liver. Results from numerous studies show that the effect of P450 family gene polymorphism determines the individual sensitivity to antihypertensive drugs, as it is these isozymes that are involved in the metabolism of drugs used to treat arterial hypertension (AH). In particular, the cytochrome (CYP) 450 isoenzyme is one of the basic enzymes involved in the biotransformation of losartan, an angiotensin receptor antagonist. Therefore, the CYP2C9 gene polymorphism largely determines the pharmacological response to NSAIDs and affects the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy due to the change in the drug metabolism, as well as the structure and function of the receptors, on which they have an effect.

scholarly journals Psychological Features of Verbal Communication of Employees of Preschool Education With Children From The Families of Participants of Anti-Terroristic Operations And Internally Transferred Persons

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-226
Author(s):  
Iryna Lutsenko
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Education ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Education And Development

The article is devoted to the problem of verbal communication of educators with children of preschool age from the families of participants of anti-terroristic operations (ATO) and internally displaced people. The results of theoretical analysis of the problem of studying discourse as a psycholinguistic category are presented which, in the context of vocational-speaking activity, is considered as its verbalized, foreign-language phase. The interest of psycholinguistics in the study of the peculiarities of the discourse of the educational branch – pedagogical discourse is grounded since the latter is aimed at the realization of a wide range of functions (educational, communicative organizational, psychological (psychotherapeutic)), the basis of which is the implementation of the speech-impacting teacher by the addressee on their addressees (pupils). At the same time, discourse is highlighted as a dialogical process and reveals the two-sided nature of the influence of communicators on each other. Consideration of the teacher as the subject of the speech of the individual characteristics of the child-recipient, his mental condition is considered as a prerequisite for ensuring the intentional orientation of discourse. The emphasis is placed on the implementation of psychological (psychotherapeutic) functions by educators of preschool education, which is confirmed by the needs of the practice of education and development, verbal communication with children from the families of the participants of the ATO and the internally transferred people. The types of discourses aimed at providing emotional support to children of these categories in the form of discourses-positive partial assessments are defined and characterized, namely: discourse-agreement, discourse-encouragement, discourse-approval, discourse-forward-looking positive assessment, as well as various kinds of discourse-questions. It is concluded that various discourses, in the course of which the speech influence on the child is carried out, its psychic state, feeling and behavior can be regarded as specialized discourse practice - a psycholinguistic phenomenon, the basis of which is the speech activity of its participants: educators of preschool education and children of preschool age.

scholarly journals Social Orientation of the Prosecutor’s Supervision

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
M V Kolesov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The article examines one of the possible ways to optimize the activities of the prosecutor’s office in one of the most priority areas of prosecutorial activity - the protection of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as labor rights of workers, in particular, the right to timely and full payment of labor. The social importance of observance of labor rights and the orientation towards the development of small and medium-sized businesses are not subject to challenge and are emphasized by the President of the Russian Federation. The author justifies the need to introduce new approaches in the activity of the prosecutor’s office in these branches of legal relations, proposes a fundamentally new socially-oriented model for the implementation of prosecutorial supervision and the adoption of measures for prosecutorial response.The prevalence and scale of violations committed by controlling bodies in relation to small and medium-sized businesses, and the latter - with respect to their employees should be identified as one of the most important problems of modern Russia, which has an extremely negative impact on the country’s economic development and the social well-being of the population. Taking into account this vector, it is justified to make proposals on changing and improving the current legislation, which can contribute to the timely elimination of the revealed violations of the law, and also effectively carry out the preventive function. Apart from this, what is especially important, the proposed novels take into account the individual characteristics of small and medium-sized businesses, in particular their reputation as employers for a wide range of people in respect of the observance of the rights of employees in the course of their commercial activities for timely and full pay. The recommendations also help to save budget funds and improve the social and economic situation in the country.

Chronopharmacology of alcoholism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.В. Филиппова ◽  
Ю.К. Кондрашова ◽  
Ю.Ш. Тагоев
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

В статье представлен анализ информации из литературных источников, посвященной изучению хронофармакологии алкоголизма. Для лечения алкоголизма используется комплексный подход, определяющийся тяжестью состояния больного и индивидуальными особенностями симптоматики. В связи со способностью фармакологических соединений вмешиваться в течение ритмических процессов на всех уровнях организации биосистемы хронофармакологический эффект лекарственных средств может быть полезным или нежелательным. Высокой степенью осложнений со стороны сердечно-сосудистой и нервной систем, а также печени и желудочно-кишечного тракта характеризуется хроническая алкогольная интоксикация. Надежного средства патогенетической фармакотерапии алкоголизма до настоящего времени не разработано. При этом лекарственные препараты используют в основном для купирования явлений абстиненции. Одно из первых мест в терапии алкогольного абстинентного синдрома, сопровождающегося тревогой, страхом и беспокойством, занимают депримирующие средства. Однако расширение их применения в Российской Федерации для лечения алкоголизма остается необоснованным. Так как алкоголизм вызывает крайне разнообразные по своим клиническим проявлениям и по степени тяжести психические расстройства, то для их лечения используется широкий спектр психотропных препаратов. Для проведения противогипоксической и детоксифицирующей терапии используются энергокорригирующие средства. Алкогольный абстинентный синдром с преобладанием неврозоподобных и вегетативнососудистых расстройств является показанием к применению препаратов из класса антиоксидантов. Они сочетают в себе свойства транквилизаторов и ноотропов, не оказывая токсического воздействия на сердце и защищая миокард в условиях гипоксии. Однако на данный момент существует дефицит информации об эффективности их применения при алкогольной абстиненции. The article presents an analysis of information from literary sources devoted to the study of the chronopharmacology of alcoholism. For the treatment of alcoholism, an integrated approach is used, which is determined by the severity of the patient's condition and the individual characteristics of the symptoms. Due to the ability of pharmacological compounds to interfere during rhythmic processes at all levels of the organization of the biosystem, the chronopharmacological effect of drugs may be useful or undesirable. Chronic alcohol intoxication is characterized by a high degree of complications from the cardiovascular, nervous systems, liver and gastrointestinal tract. A reliable means of pathogenetic pharmacotherapy of alcoholism has not yet been developed. At the same time, medications are used mainly for the relief of withdrawal symptoms. One of the first places in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, accompanied by anxiety, fear and anxiety, is occupied by depressants. However, the expansion of their use in the Russian Federation for the treatment of alcoholism remains unfounded. Since alcoholism causes extremely diverse mental disorders in their clinical manifestations and severity, a wide range of psychotropic drugs is used for their treatment. For antihypoxic and detoxifying therapy, energy-correcting agents are also used. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome with a predominance of neurosis-like and vegetative-vascular disorders is an indication for the use of drugs from the class of antioxidants. They combine the properties of tranquilizers and nootropics, without having a toxic effect on the heart and protecting the myocardium in hypoxia. However, at the moment there is a lack of information about the effectiveness of their use in alcohol withdrawal.

scholarly journals ISSUES OF GENDER PSYCHOLOGY IN S. BALEY'S SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE

2016 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
L. Omelchenko
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Psychological Differences ◽  
The Individual

In the proposed article solved the originality of views of the famous Polish and Ukrainian psychologist S. Baley at the problem of psychological differences between men and women. The academician stressed that psychological properties neither of the individual nor in any way caused only sexual affiliation rights. Analyzing a wide range of contemporary scientific publications, he expressed his commitment to the O. Weininger concept. Based on the conceptual foundations of genetic psychology, as the mouthpiece of the principle of individual approach to psychological description of the individual, he denied the existence of psychological differences between men and women, that formed only by gender sign. Resorting to consider psychological differences in the emotional sphere, he first violates another important topic – why men actually psychic symptoms (for example, emotional balance) considered as standard. An objective examination of cognitive differences between men and women, including the consideration process, S. Baley emphasizes the impossibility of realization valid comparisons, because the differences in the properties of the attention of men and women caused by their social interest, not by their sexual identity. Famous Polish and Ukrainian academician considered gender discrimination of women by intellectual criterion unacceptable, considering the said non-scientific position. The problem of the domination of gender stereotypes and gender discrimination in the Ukrainian society can be solved by introducing the idea S. Baley about consideration of the individual characteristics of personality in determining her professional life.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE APPROACHES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVITY OF CHILDREN IN EDUCATIONAL SCHOOLS OF EDUCATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 206-219
Author(s):  
Iryna Baranovska ◽  
Anastasia Chernyatinska ◽  
Svitlana Pokhyla
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Creative Talent ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Primary School Age ◽  
Out Of School

Text of the abstract. The article reveals the problems of development of children's creative talent in out-of-school educational institutions. It has been determined that gifted children (children with special educational problems) are the most vulnerable in society in the modern educational space. They require special attention from teachers, parents, psychologists and doctors in the process of education, training, adaptation, socialization and personality realization in a fast changing world. The uniqueness of the concept of "creative talent" of the child is proved. The work of scientists is analyzed, components and indices of child giftedness are studied. Indicators of giftedness are abilities (intellectual, artistic, musical, choreographic, artistic, technical, sports) to a certain type of activity. Creative abilities form the basis of the development of creative talent of the child. Out-of-school educational institutions in Ukraine have long-standing traditions of teaching and upbringing students according to their interests, preferences, and individual abilities. The principles of their activities allow taking into account the individual characteristics of each child. The multifaceted system of interrelated pedagogical techniques and technologies enables a wide range of content, forms and means of teaching students, provides an alternative to meeting the spiritual needs of the child, her interests, cognitive and intellectual opportunities based on the differentiation and individualization of the educational process. The reseаrch is based on the example of the work of the Vinnytsia regional station of young naturalists. Researchers need further attention to identify early gifted preschoolers, ensuring the continuity of the development of giftedness of children of preschool and primary school age.

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