Three Hamlet ballets from World War II to the Ukrainian crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Iris Julia Bührle
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Visual Language ◽  
World War ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis ◽  
Film Productions ◽  
Bolshoi Ballet

Breaking with a tradition of action-filled ballets with a heroic protagonist, a number of 20th- and 21st-century choreographies of Hamlet have probed the psychological and political themes of William Shakespeare’s tragedy. Inspired by theatre and film productions, choreographers have also used the medium’s visual language to comment on Shakespeare’s text and open up its interpretive potentialities. This article analyses three adaptations: Robert Helpmann’s 1942 version for the Sadler’s Wells Ballet, Kenneth MacMillan’s 1988 Sea of Troubles for six former Royal Ballet dancers, and Radu Poklitaru and Declan Donnellan’s iconoclastic 2015 Hamlet for Moscow’s Bolshoi Ballet.

Humanitarianism, Development, and Security in the 21st Century: Lessons from the Syrian Refugee Crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nell Gabiam
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Western World ◽  
World War ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
Syrian Refugee Crisis ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The 19Th Century

The term humanitarianism finds its roots in 19th-century Europe and is generally defined as the “impartial, neutral, and independent provision of relief to victims of conflict and natural disasters.” Behind this definition lies a dynamic history. According to political scientists Michael Barnett and Thomas G. Weiss, this history can be divided into three phases. From the 19th century to World War II, humanitarianism was a reaction to the perceived breakdown of society and the emergence of moral ills caused by rapid industrialization within Europe. The era between World War II and the 1990s saw the emergence of many of today's nongovernmental and intergovernmental organizations. These organizations sought to address the suffering caused by World War I and World War II, but also turned their gaze toward the non-Western world, which was in the process of decolonization. The third phase began in the 1990s, after the end of the Cold War, and witnessed an expansion of humanitarianism. One characteristic of this expansion is the increasing prominence of states, regional organizations, and the United Nations in the field of humanitarian action. Their increased prominence has been paralleled by a growing linkage between humanitarian concerns and the issue of state, regional, and global security. Is it possible that, in the 21st century, humanitarianism is entering a new (fourth) phase? And, if so, what role have events in the Middle East played in ushering it in? I seek to answer these questions by focusing on regional consultations that took place between June 2014 and July 2015 in preparation for the first ever World Humanitarian Summit (WHS), scheduled to take place in Istanbul in May 2016.

scholarly journals The Development of Australian Culture in the XX Century: Australian Film Industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 174-200
Author(s):  
O. Zernetska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Drama ◽  
Film Directors ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Film Productions ◽  
White Settlers ◽  
Film Development

This article represents the first attempt in Ukraine of complex interdisciplinary investigation of the history of Australian film development in the XX-th century in the context of Australian culture. Analysing films in historical order the peculiarities of each decade are taken into consideration. The periods of silent films, sound films and colour films are analysed. The best film productions, their film directors and prominent actors are outlined. Special attention is paid to the development of feature films and documentaries. The article concentrates on the development of different film genres beginning with national historical drama, films of the first pioneers’ survival, adventure films. It is shown how they contribute to the embodiment in films of the main archetypes of Australian culture, the development of Australian identity. After World War I and World War II war films appear to commemorate the courage of the Australian soldiers in the war fields. Later on the destiny of the Australian women white settlers’ wives or native Australians inspired film directors to make them the chief heroines of their movies. A comparative analysis of films and literary primary sources underlying their scripts is carried out. It is concluded that the Australian directors selected the best examples of Australian national poetry and prose, which reveal the historical and social, cultural and racial problems of the country's development during the twentieth century. The publication dwells on boom and bust periods of Australian film making. The governmental policy in this sphere is analysed. Different schemes of film production and distribution are outlined to make national film industry compatible with the other film industries of the world, especially with the Hollywood. The area of a new discipline - Australian Film Studios - is studied as well as the works of Australian scholars. It is clarified in what Australian universities this discipline is taught. It is assumed that the experience of Australia in this sphere should be taken by Ukraine.

scholarly journals Daži agrāk aktuāli akadēmiskās dzīves aspekti: venia legendi un privātdocenta statuss pasaulē un Rīgas Politehnikumā (1862–1896)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 9-29
Author(s):  
Māris Baltiņš
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Pētījumā aplūkots privātdocenta statuss, kas pasaulē tika ieviests 18. gadsimtā un, sākot no 19. gadsimta otrās puses līdz Otrā pasaules kara beigām, pastāvēja arī Latvijā. Privātdocenta statuss salīdzināts ar citu pasaules valstu, galvenokārt vācu tipa universitātēm. Jēdzienu «venia legendi» un «privātdocents» skaidrojumi ar piemēriem no Rīgas Politehnikuma (RP) mācībspēku darbības atspoguļo šos jēdzienus no dažādiem aspektiem, lai 21. gadsimtā būtu saprotams to lietojums iepriekšējos gadsimtos. Autors pētījumam izmantojis arhīvu dokumentus un bibliotēku krājumus, balstoties ne tikai Latvijas, bet arī Krievijas, Vācijas un citu valstu zinātnieku atziņās. The study examines the status of a private docent, the academic position which was introduced across the world in the 18th century and which also existed in Latvia from the second half of the 19th century until the end of World War II. The status of the private docent as it used to be understood in Latvia is compared with other countries, mainly considering German-type universities. Definition of the terms «venia legendi» and «private docent» providing examples of academic activity of the lecturers of Riga Polytechnicum (RP) allow considering these concepts from various perspectives in order to make their meaning and usage in the previous centuries transparent for the users in the 21st century. Conducting the present research, the author has used archival documents and library collections, the theoretical framework includes the findings of not only the Latvian scientists, but also researchers from Russia, Germany and other countries.

American Children’s Cookbooks as Scenes of Instruction

Table Lands ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 11-34
Author(s):  
Kara K. Keeling ◽  
Scott T. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Food Technology ◽  
World War ◽  
Frozen Foods ◽  
Young Girls

This chapter tracks US children’s cookbooks over 150 years, showing how adults’ expectations change based on shifting ideologies of child capability. The essay analyzes cookbooks from three periods: 19th century, mid-20th century, and late 20th to the 21st century. The nineteenth-century housebooks deploy literary tropes (story) to foster agency, focusing on preparing young girls for taking on kitchen and household duties. In the period after World War II, children’s cookbooks transform cooking into an extension of play, reducing childhood agency significantly, a development that mirrors the disempowerment of women in the kitchen through advances in food technology (frozen foods, boxed foods) in the postwar period. Contemporary children’s cookbooks match what Warren Belasco calls the “countercuisine” and the resultant foodie culture: these texts re-empower child cooks with agency in a world that is much more aware of organic, sustainable practices and the downsides of industrial foods.

Brown Beauty

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Haidarali
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Social History ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Visual Language ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
World War ◽  
New Negro ◽  
Cultural Currency ◽  
Central Interest

Between the Harlem Renaissance and the end of World War II, a discourse that privileged a representative ideal of brown beauty womanhood emerged as one expression of race, class, and women’s status in the modern nation. This discourse on brown beauty accrued great cultural currency across the interwar years as it appeared in diverse and multiple forms. Studying artwork and photography; commercial and consumer-oriented advertising; and literature, poetry, and sociological works, this book analyzes African American print culture with a central interest in women’s social history. It explores the diffuse ways that brownness impinged on socially mobile New Negro women in the urban environment during the interwar years and shows how the discourse was constructed as a self-regulating guide directed at an aspiring middle class. By tracing brown’s changing meanings and showing how a visual language of brown grew into a dynamic racial shorthand used to denote modern African American womanhood, Brown Beauty works to unpack a set of intertwined values and judgments, compromises and contradictions, adjustments and resistances, that were fused into social valuations of women.

European defence policy between dependence and autonomy: A challenge of Sisyphean dimensions

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolyon Howorth
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
European Integration ◽  
21St Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Member States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Defence Policy ◽  
National Defence ◽  
Critical Moments

There have been two critical moments in Europe’s tortuous attempts to generate a viable, collective, relatively autonomous, trans-national defence project: the first decade after World War II, and the early decades of the 21st century. In both cases, the main features of the project were similar and in both cases there was an implicit or even explicit symbiosis between European integration and defence integration. In both cases, the same underlying weaknesses in the project stymied progress. These involved disagreements between France and the United Kingdom over the nature of the project itself; American ambivalence; differences among the European member states over how to handle relations with Russia; and unresolved tensions between the European entity and its member states. In the earlier case, these challenges proved fatal to the project. In the later case, they risk nudging it towards irrelevance.

Antisocial Personality Disorder and Pathological Narcissism in Prolonged Conflicts and Wars of the 21st Century

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Burkle
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
21St Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Pathological Narcissism ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Strategic Issue ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Bad Leadership ◽  
Persistent Instability

AbstractThe end of the Cold War brought with it many protracted internal conflicts and wars that have lasted for decades and whose persistent instability lies at the heart of both chronic nation-state and regional instability. Responsibility for these chronically failed states has been attributed to multiple unresolved root causes. With previous governance and parties to power no longer trusted or acceptable, the vacuum of leadership in many cases has been filled with “bad leadership.” This Concept piece argues that in a number of cases opportunistic leaders, suffering from severe antisocial character disorders, have emerged first as saviors and then as despots, or as common criminals claiming to be patriots, sharing a psychological framework that differs little from those responsible for World War II and the Cold War that followed. I describe the identifying characteristics of this unique and poorly understood subset of the population who are driven to seek the ultimate opportunity to control, dictate, and live out their fantasies of power on the world scene and discuss why their destructive actions remain unabated in the 21st century. Their continued antisocial presence, influence, and levels of violence must be seen as a global security and strategic issue that is not amenable to conventional diplomatic interventions, negotiations, mediations, or international sanctions. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:118–128)

scholarly journals A JOURNEY TO (OWN) MEMORY: LVIV BETWEEN AND DURING WORLD WAR II IN CONTEMPORARY TEXT (BASED ON NOVELS "THE MUSEUM OF ABANDONED SECRETS" BY OKSANA ZABUZHKO AND "TANGO OF DEATH" BY YURII VYNNYCHUK)

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 278-355
Author(s):  
Khrystyna RUTAR
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
Access Memory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ukrainian Text

In the article basing on theoretical framework of memory studies, two historical novels written by modern Ukrainian authors have been analyzed. The main references to the interwar Lviv and Lviv during the war in works are singled out and the importance of inclusion and comprehension of places of those two periods in modern Ukrainian text is indicated. The main strategies of returning to memory of interwar Lviv and its inhabitants are analyzed. The traumatized memory and ways of talking about the 20th century cultural traumas were analyzed in the 21st century novel, those traumas, which for more than a half of century were surrounded by curtain of fear, censorship and inability to speak openly about it. Attention is drawn to the names of streets are obtaining features of memory prosthesis and becomes an access memory tool. The author concludes that the novel, which had the opportunity to take a fresh look at the traumatic pages of the past, remains in the shadow of stereotypes and silence. The abilities of literature in memory studies is analyzed and are noted that literature can be both as a tool of memory and as an object of memory studies. Keywords memory, Lviv, Oksana Zabuzhko, Yurii Vynnychuk, Museum of abandoned secrets, Tango of Death, trauma, war, interwar period.

WECHSELBEZIEHUNGEN ZWISCHEN DER UNTERGEHENDEN DONAUMONARCHIE, ÖSTERREICH UND DEM SHS-KÖNIGREICH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Rohrbach ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
World War ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First World

Much of the literature that emerged in the 20th century about relationships between Serbia and the Republic of Austria, is marked by emotional guilt assigning and political or nationalist influences. That is why, since the beginning of the 21st century, a group of European historians researched events in the Balkans in the first third of the 21st century. The results of this research are partly contrary to all previous theses on the completion of the First World War II and its influence on the creation of Yugoslavia. In addition to South Slavic experts, the authors of this paper also belong to this group of researchers. Our own analyzes and conclusions, as well as quotes from colleagues show how often partial information were consciously taken from archival material, from which (sometimes voluntarily), distorted overall picture were made. This article tries to, through additional source material and contemporary literature on the years 1914-2021, acts enlightening in areas where percepciones of Austrian and Serbian authors differ in most cases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document