scholarly journals A JOURNEY TO (OWN) MEMORY: LVIV BETWEEN AND DURING WORLD WAR II IN CONTEMPORARY TEXT (BASED ON NOVELS "THE MUSEUM OF ABANDONED SECRETS" BY OKSANA ZABUZHKO AND "TANGO OF DEATH" BY YURII VYNNYCHUK)

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 278-355
Author(s):  
Khrystyna RUTAR
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
Access Memory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ukrainian Text

In the article basing on theoretical framework of memory studies, two historical novels written by modern Ukrainian authors have been analyzed. The main references to the interwar Lviv and Lviv during the war in works are singled out and the importance of inclusion and comprehension of places of those two periods in modern Ukrainian text is indicated. The main strategies of returning to memory of interwar Lviv and its inhabitants are analyzed. The traumatized memory and ways of talking about the 20th century cultural traumas were analyzed in the 21st century novel, those traumas, which for more than a half of century were surrounded by curtain of fear, censorship and inability to speak openly about it. Attention is drawn to the names of streets are obtaining features of memory prosthesis and becomes an access memory tool. The author concludes that the novel, which had the opportunity to take a fresh look at the traumatic pages of the past, remains in the shadow of stereotypes and silence. The abilities of literature in memory studies is analyzed and are noted that literature can be both as a tool of memory and as an object of memory studies. Keywords memory, Lviv, Oksana Zabuzhko, Yurii Vynnychuk, Museum of abandoned secrets, Tango of Death, trauma, war, interwar period.

scholarly journals Polsko-rumuńskie konferencje w Suczawie

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 171-196
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Nowak
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Romanian Literature

From 1999 Polish and Romanian humanists face each other on conferences in Suceava (Romanian Bucovina) which are part of “Polish Days” in Romania organized by the Association of Poles in Romania. Polish and Romanian historians, ethnographers, sociologists, politologists and linguists deliver lectures and discuss Polish-Romanian contacts and relations in the past and present. from the Polish part many historical lectures concern the interwar period and the problem of Polish refugees in Romania during the World War II. In the period between1918–1945 the relations between Poles and Romanians were rather friendly and now these topics are discussed most frequently. Among the Romanian historians there are more specialists on the relations between Moldova and the Polish Kingdom till the end of 18th century. Many historians focus on the Polish-Romanian relations in the years 1945–1989. Most of the lectures concerning the political present were delivered by the Poles. Cultural sections of the conference concentrate on mutual language influences, Polish–Romanian literature contacts, translations of Polish literature into Romania and Romanian literature into Poland, the analyses of literary works, Polish studies in Romania and Romanian studies in Poland, the perception of Romanian culture among the Poles and vice versa, the problems of religions, education, libraries, music and tourism. Polish etnographers concentrate on the problems of Polish Bucovinians but the most discussed subject is not the history of Polish Bucovinians but their local dialect. Most of the conference lectures were printed. “Polish Days” in Suceava are the most important event organized by the very active Association of Poles in Romania and they help breaking the stereotypes and enhance the integration between the Poles and Romanians.. In general the conferences in Suceava do not have their equivalent in the contacts between humanists of other countries.

War-Related Deflections of Economic Trends in Eastern and Western Civilizations

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 1021-1024
Author(s):  
David J. Krus ◽  
Edward A. Nelsen ◽  
James M. Webb
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Industrial Output ◽  
World War ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Economic Trends

Economic trends for the Eastern and Western Civilizations were compared over the past three centuries and extrapolated into the next one. The convergence of these trends following World War I was deflected following World War II. Without this war, the combined economies of the Far East countries appeared likely to surpass the industrial output of Western countries around the turn of the 20th and the 21st centuries. The 1941–1945 war with Japan delayed the projected intersection of these trends. Extrapolation of the post-World War II trends to 2040 suggests that, without deflection of these trends, the economies of the Far East countries would be likely to surpass the economies of the Western countries around the middle of the 21st century.

Rhetorical Adaptation and Resistance to International Norms

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
International Norms ◽  
World War ◽  
Norm Violation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genocide Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Central Form

Scholarship on states’ responses to international norms has focused on commitment, compliance, and noncompliance; paying insufficient attention to responses that fall outside these categories. Beyond simply complying with or violating a norm; states contest, resist, and respond to international norms in a range of ways. I identifyrhetorical adaptationas a central form of resistance to international norms. Rather than simply rejecting a norm or charges of norm violation, such a strategy draws on a norm’s content to resist pressures for compliance or minimize perceptions of violation. Theorizing the relationship between norms’ content and states’ resistant rhetoric, I identify four types of rhetorical adaptation: norm disregard, norm avoidance, norm interpretation, and norm signaling. To probe the plausibility of these propositions, a case study of Turkey’s post-World War II narrative of the Armenian Genocide traces a sequence of rhetorical adaptations over the past six decades. Building on the case study, I then draw out generalizable insights into the uses and effects of rhetorical adaptation. Connecting theoretical concerns in political science with the interdisciplinary fields of genocide studies and memory studies, I delineate the ways in which actors instrumentally use norms and expand understandings of the forms and effects of so-called norm takers’ agency.

DE 'ECHTE' HISTORISCHE ROMAN EN HET 'ECHTE' SCOTTIAANSE DICHTVERHAAL IN 'DE MODERNE TIJD'

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-26
Author(s):  
Marita Mathijsen
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
World War ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
Epic Poem ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Developmental Line

THE 'GENUINE' HISTORICAL NOVEL AND THE 'GENUINE' SCOTTIAN EPIC POEM IN 'MODERN TIMES' For over a century, it has been taken for granted that David Jacob van Lennep's Discourse on the significance of Holland's soil and antiquities for sentiment and imagination (1827) inaugurated the historical novel as a specific literary genre in the Netherlands. The historical epic is supposed to have benefited similarly. In this article I inquire whether the conventional separation between historical novels and epics before and after 1827 does in fact rest on objective and tangible characteristics of these works. If we were to examine the entire corpus of historicising literature between 1780 and 1940, would we or would we not encounter a continuous developmental line? A preliminary investigation of some specific cases suggests that, as a genre, the historical epic has vanished completely, whereas the historical novel remained as vital as before up to World War II. Its objective, however, was no longer the re-enactment of the past but the dissolution of the separation between past and present.

scholarly journals La ricezione delle opere di Giorgio Bassani in Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Irena Prosenc
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Film Adaptation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

The article examines the reception of Giorgio Bassani’s works in Slovenia. The current state of translations of Bassani’s works into Slovene is characteristic of the availability of Slovene editions of Italian authors, which often seems desultory despite the relatively high number of literary translations from Italian published after World War II. In the past, the translations were typically published later than the original texts and without a global strategy. This situation partly persists to the present day: whilst the translations of some authors are sufficiently present, others continue to be absent, which is probably due to the limitations of the Slovene book market. As few as three of Bassani’s texts have been translated into Slovene, namely the novel Il giardino dei Finzi-Contini (1978), translated by Stabej, excerpts from the short story Una lapide in via Mazzini (1994), translated by Ožbot, and a selection of poems from In rima e senza (2008), translated by Dekleva. Il giardino dei Finzi-Contini, the only text to have been translated in an unabridged version, was also the subject of linguistic research by Miklič and Premrl. Whilst no doubt interesting for specialists, the results of their research most likely did not reach a wider public. Even though the translation of Bassani’s novel was followed by the release of the film adaptation, whilst the poetry collection received critical acclaim, Bassani remains a relatively little-known author in Slovenia to this day. Moreover, as many as thirteen years have passed since the publication of the last translation.

scholarly journals Multicultural Galicia in American Popular Memory: Reflections on the Film Three Stories of Galicia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (26) ◽  
pp. 273-288
Author(s):  
Andrew Kier Wise
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
World War ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Popular Memory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Racial America

This article deals with 21st-century American perceptions of the multicultural history of Galicia, especially during the interwar period, World War II and the Holocaust. The author primarily examines select books, articles and films that target a broad American audience. In particular, the film Three Stories of Galicia (2010) is analyzed, with a focus on the ways in which American audiences helped shape the directors’ creative process. The Galician stories in the film thus became “Americanized” and “universalized” models for efforts at reconciliation in other troubled multicultural societies. The author also concludes that the “myth of Galicia” featuring the peaceful coexistence of peoples resonates especially with readers and viewers who envision a “post-racial America.” [Wielokulturowa Galicja w amerykańskiej pamięci popularnej: Refleksje nad filmem „Trzy historie Galicji”] Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy amerykańskiego postrzegania wielokulturowej historii Galicji w XXI wieku, zwłaszcza okresu międzywojennego, czasu II wojny światowej i Holokaustu. Autor analizuje przede wszystkim wybrane książki, artykuły i filmy skierowane do szerokiego amerykańskiego odbiorcy. W sposób szczególny analizie został poddany film Trzy historie Galicji (2010), z naciskiem na sposób, w jaki amerykańska publiczność pomogła ukształtować proces twórczy reżyserów. Historie galicyjskie w filmie stały się w ten sposób „zamerykanizowanymi” i „uniwersalizowanymi” modelami wysiłków na rzecz pojednania w innych nękanych konfliktami społeczeństwach wielokulturowych. Autor konkluduje również, że „mit Galicji” o pokojowym współistnieniu narodów trafia zwłaszcza do czytelników i widzów, którzy pragnęliby Ameryki „postrasowej”.

Cosmetic Allergen in the Past and Present

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
World War ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Cosmetic Dermatitis ◽  
Facial Dermatitis ◽  
International Research Project

For almost 20 years after the end of World War II, many Japanese women were challenged by a dark secondary hyper pigmentation on their faces. The causation of this condition was unknown and incurable at the time. However this symptom became curable after a number of new cosmetic allergens were discovered through patch tests and as an aftermath, various cosmetics and soaps that eliminated all these allergens were put into production to be used exclusively for these patients. An international research project conducted by seven countries was set out to find out the new allergens and discover non-allergic cosmetic materials. Due to these efforts, two disastrous cosmetic primary sensitizers were banned and this helped to decrease allergic cosmetic dermatitis. Towards the end of the 20th century, the rate of positives among cosmetic sensitizers decreased to levels of 5% - 8% and have since maintained its rates into the 21th century. Currently, metal ions such as the likes of nickel have been identified as being the most common allergens found in cosmetics and cosmetic instruments. They often produce rosacea-like facial dermatitis and therefore allergen controlled soaps and cosmetics have been proved to be useful in recovering normal skin conditions.

The Suffering of the Perpetrators: The Ethics of Traumatic German Historicity in Karen Bass's Young Adult World War II Novels

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-77
Author(s):  
Doris Wolf
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Childhood Studies ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adult World ◽  
The Public Sphere

This paper examines two young adult novels, Run Like Jäger (2008) and Summer of Fire (2009), by Canadian writer Karen Bass, which centre on the experiences of so-called ordinary German teenagers in World War II. Although guilt and perpetration are themes addressed in these books, their focus is primarily on the ways in which Germans suffered at the hands of the Allied forces. These books thus participate in the increasingly widespread but still controversial subject of the suffering of the perpetrators. Bringing work in childhood studies to bear on contemporary representations of German wartime suffering in the public sphere, I explore how Bass's novels, through the liminal figure of the adolescent, participate in a culture of self-victimisation that downplays guilt rather than more ethically contextualises suffering within guilt. These historical narratives are framed by contemporary narratives which centre on troubled teen protagonists who need the stories of the past for their own individualisation in the present. In their evacuation of crucial historical contexts, both Run Like Jäger and Summer of Fire support optimistic and gendered narratives of individualism that ultimately refuse complicated understandings of adolescent agency in the past or present.

A war hero or a Hitler soldier?

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Pavel Gotovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
National Committee ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Third Reich

The article is devoted to the biography of General Pavlo Shandruk, an Ukrainian officer who served as a Polish contract officer in the interwar period and at the beginning of the World War II, and in 1945 became the organizer and commander of the Ukrainian National Army fighting alongside the Third Reich in the last months of the war. The author focuses on the symbolic event of 1961, which was the decoration of General Shandruk with the highest Polish (émigré) military decoration – the Virtuti Militari order, for his heroic military service in 1939. By describing the controversy and emotions among Poles and Ukrainians, which accompanied the award of the former Hitler's soldier, the author tries to answer the question of how the General Shandruk’s activities should be assessed in the perspective of the uneasy Twentieth-Century Polish-Ukrainian relations. Keywords: Pavlo Shandruk, Władysław Anders, Virtuti Militari, Ukrainian National Army, Ukrainian National Committee, contract officer.

Cultures in Contact

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Watson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Working At Home ◽  
Michel Leiris ◽  
Novel Of Manners ◽  
At Home

In this chapter I investigate the paradox that the writer who most vividly embodied the exchange between literature and anthropology during this period, Michel Leiris, worked hard to maintain separate identities and spaces for his life as an anthropologist (working at the Musée de l’Homme in Paris) and as a writer and memoirist (working at home). While Leiris came of age professionally and aesthetically during the fertile interwar period in France of “ethnographic surrealism,” his anthropological writings in the period after World War II show a surprising fidelity to disciplinary protocols. The chapter argues that Leiris’s ethnography of the Francophone Caribbean, Contacts de civilisations en Martinique et en Guadeloupe, tries to subvert those protocols, turning from a social science survey into something like a novel of manners by the end. Ultimately, however, this literary turn falls prey to tropes of imperial romance that Leiris ostensibly seeks to undercut.

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