scholarly journals Transparency and Embodied Action: Turn Organization and Fairness in Complex Institutional Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Heath ◽  
Lorenza Mondada

Institutional settings in which large numbers of participants have the right and in some cases the responsibility to contribute to the proceedings pose particular challenges to the order and allocation of turns. These challenges are organizational, how to enable and order participation between large numbers of people, as well as moral and political—the fair, transparent, and even distribution of access to the floor. In this paper, we address two very different institutional settings—one political and the other economic—and consider how participants are provided opportunities to contribute to the proceedings in a fair and transparent manner. Drawing on ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, we examine the systematic management of turn allocation and demonstrate how multimodality is critical to understanding how particular institutions achieve their principal aims and outcomes. This study is based on the analysis of a substantial corpus of video recordings of public consultations concerned with the discussion of major public and private sector initiatives and auctions of fine art and antiques.

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-83
Author(s):  
Prachi Bhatt

Sensitive to change, human resource (HR) function plays a crucial role in dealing with globally competitive marketplace. Banking sector in a developing country like India is no different. There is an urgent need to revolutionize HR practices in Indian banking. This paper, as part of a larger research, studies high performing banking organizations in India and proposes a changing pattern of HR for the Indian banking organizations through the attract, retain, and motivate (ARM) framework. Further, the paper examines through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) whether and to what extent the changing pattern in HR practices in case of public and private sector banks supports the proposed conceptual framework. Thus, the paper presents empirical evidences (412 employee respondents) for the changing pattern of HR practices. The paper exhibits differences in the extent to which HR practices are changing in the public and private sector banks. Decisions to improve the HR priorities and practices can lay foundations for high- performing organizations. The paper examines an important issue for managerial decision-making in identifying the right blend of ARM to become high performing banking organization


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Sonela Stillo ◽  
Gentisa Furxhi

One of the main objectives of an organization is the achievement of productivity, performance and high standards through the efficient use of the human resources and the application of the right technologies for combining the work force with the quantity of work. The job of the staff is done perfectly if you put the right person in the right position, in the right time. But to retain is more important than to employ. A talented employee will never run out of possibilities. The retention of employees is a process in which the employees are encouraged to stay in the organization for a maximal period of time. Even though the retention of the employees is a hard job for the organization, it is important for the organization as well as for the employee himself. If we assure the fulfillment of this important objective of the management of the human resources, thus the preservation of the human capacities, than we are in the right path of minimizing the turnover in the organization. For this to be possible it must be paid maximal attention to the employees, making them feel comfortable physically as well as psychologically in the workplace. Such thing requires the readiness of the organization to motivate the human resources. Exactly, the motivation of the employees is one of the most important factors that help the employer to improve the organizational and the employee’s performance. The purpose of this study is evidencing the main factors that impact the level of motivation of the employees, their retention in the organization and a valuation of the rate of this impact.The data gathered from both public and private sector were analyzed through the software SPSS using the analyze of t-test, frequency, the pearson correlation, density.


Author(s):  
Ann Weatherall

Conversation analysis is a distinctive approach to research on language and communication that originated with Emanuel Schegloff, Harvey Sacks, and Gail Jefferson. It assumes a systematic order in the minute details of talk as it is used in situ. That orderliness is understood to be the result of shared ways of reasoning and means of doing things. Conversation analytic studies aim to identify and describe how people produce and interpret social interaction. For example, the interpretation and response to the question, “How are you” differs depending on whether it is asked by a doctor in a medical consultation or a friend during a casual conversation. Overwhelmingly, data are naturalistic audio (for telephone-mediated talk) or video recordings (for copresent interactions). The recordings are transcribed using conventions first established by Gail Jefferson. They have been further developed since to better capture features such as crying and multimodality. Specialized notations are used to highlight features of talk such as breathiness, intonation, short silences, and simultaneous speech. Analyses typically examine how everyday actions are done over sequences of two or more turns of talk. Greetings, requests, and complaints are actions that have names; others don’t. Studies may examine a range of linguistic, embodied, and environmental phenomena used in coordinated action. Research has been conducted in a broad range of mundane and institutional settings. Medical interaction is one area where conversation analysis has been most applied, but others include psychotherapy and classroom interaction. A conversation analytic perspective on identity is also distinctive. Typically, approaches to intergroup communication presuppose a priori the importance of social identities such as age, gender, and ethnicity. They are theorized as independent variables that impact language behaviors in predictable and measurable ways. This view strongly resonates with common sense and underpins popular questions about gender-, race- or age-based differences in language use. In contrast, a conversation analytic approach examines social identities only when they are observably and demonstrably relevant to what participants are doing and saying. The relevance of an identity category rests on it being clearly consequential for what is happening in a particular stretch of talk. Conversation analysis approaches identity as a type of membership categorization. The term “member” has ethnomethodological roots that recognizes a person is a member from a cultural group. Categories can be invoked, used and negotiated in the flow of interaction. Membership categorization analysis shows there is a systematic organization to category work in talk. Using conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis, discursive psychology studies how social identity categorizations have relevance to the business at hand. For example, referring to your wife as a “girl” or a “married woman” invokes different inferences about socially acceptable behavior.


Author(s):  
Dr. Sheikh Mahabub Alam.

Smoking / ETS kills, prime reason for cancer, asthma, other lung diseases and other deadly diseases. It is diagnosed as the greatest silent killer on earth. Smoking has no positive contribution to human health or to the environment. It affects almost all organs of the body, leading to carcinogenic diseases and ending in premature mortality. Infants and children are most at risk. Although the overall smoking trend is slowly declining but smoking rate among students and young adults (both men and women) are disturbingly increasing in Australia despite strong collaborative efforts of public and private sector to curb tobacco smoking. Exposure to smoking is a violation of the right of all individuals to breathe clean air. Although people can’t be forced to quit smoking, but regulation can be tightened, and strict enforcement of law would be a good deterrent for smokers. Australia has banned tobacco smoking in all public places and Bangladesh government could follow that noble initiative. In addition, community engagement, awareness building through education, accompanied by punishing smoking / ETS producers with hefty fines. Bangladesh unfortunately belongs among the top five smoking nation on earth. About 43% of people smokes and in the long run it will bring catastrophic consequences. Currently there are about 1.5 million cancer patients and about 3 30 million kidney patients and growing. A major contributor is tobacco and ETS. Unless urgent measures are taken the country will be flooded with patients with incurable diseases, a burden the country can’t afford to handle.


Water Policy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Hecht

Considerable international efforts are underway to address water and sanitation needs in developing countries. The 2003 G8 Action Plan on water sets the right tone, but more is needed. Three activities deserve additional support and greater cooperation between government and non-government organizations. These are: immediate steps to improve health and sanitation, multilateral efforts to foster good governance, and the development of innovative financial mechanisms to make local and investment capital available for water infrastructure development. Public understanding of these three approaches is often misunderstood, as evinced by the Stakeholder Dialogue at the 2003 World Water Forum. Achieving the Millennium goals on water and sanitation requires greater public and private sector cooperation in these three areas. A significant accomplishment for the next G8 meeting would be to strengthen partnerships between public and private sectors in these areas.


Author(s):  
Chris Myers Asch ◽  
George Derek Musgrove

This chapter describes a time of tremendous upheaval and transformation in the city. During the Civil War and Reconstruction, Washington was a “Yankee City” on the leading edge of racial change in America. Thousands of former slaves migrated to D.C., joining white Radicals and educated black leaders to drive an ambitious experiment in biracial democracy. Because Congress wielded exclusive control over the city, Washington became a testing ground for Reconstruction legislation, including freedmen’s relief, black men’s suffrage, and public education. Black men won the right to vote, black leaders won elected office citywide, black workers gained access to public and private sector jobs, black schools became national models, and city officials passed sweeping antidiscrimination laws. The nation’s capital, once a Southern bastion of slavery and the slave trade, was at the forefront of racial and political change.


2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERGUS SINCLAIR ◽  
RIC COE

SUMMARYInnovation in agronomy by large numbers of smallholder farmers will need to accelerate if global commitments to end hunger are to be achieved in the face of major climate and other global change that are both caused by, and impact, agriculture. Conventional research and development in agronomy have involved a research process that produces technologies, which are then promoted for uptake by large numbers of farmers through extension, with both research and extension phases being more or less participatory. Recent research, including key contributions to this special issue, reveals that the performance of many technology options varies hugely across the geographies over which development programmes operate, depending on social, economic and ecological context. This severely limits the value of attempting to produce recommendations for large areas and numbers of farmers and identifies the need for new ways of supporting innovation that address the real-world heterogeneity of farmer circumstances. Addressing this widespread phenomenon of option by context interaction (OxC) has profound implications for how agronomic research and development are organised. Papers in this special issue show the nature and implications of such interactions and suggest ways in which research and development systems need to respond in order to support locally relevant innovation. It is evident that a paradigm shift is well underway, with researchers embracing new modes of thinking and action required to address OxC interactions, but these also need to be taken up and further developed by extension and change agents in the public and private sector. It is only through continued co-development of methods involving both these constituencies, working closely with farmers that sufficient progress is likely to be made for smallholder farming to keep pace with global demand for food without further damaging the environmental resources upon which production is based.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Asad Afzal Hummayon ◽  
Rabia Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan Khan

Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Commitment. A detailed review of the literature was conducted in order to find out the factors that influence Job Performance. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from the respondents. This study was conducted in the banking sector of Pakistan. Total of 370 questionnaires was distributed among different public and private sector banks of Lahore, Pakistan. The overall turnover of 90% was attained i.e. 333 useable responses were received. SPSS and Amos were used for the analysis of the model. This study found that organizational politics is significantly related to job performance. Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between organizational politics and job performance whereas, organizational commitment does not mediate the relationship between organizational politics and job performance. This study will provide guidance to banks that how they can improve their employee’s performance which directly affect the performance of their organization. Moreover, it is an obligation to the bankers to examine the emotional intelligence of the employees before their recruitment, it will directly help the process of hiring, and the right person for the right job is important for every organization specifically in case of high EI. This study contributes to the literature by adding a mediational effect of organizational commitment on organizational politics and job performance. And also examine the relationship of emotional intelligence between organizational politics and job performance.


2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Cristina M. Delgado, BA, FFMA

Decision-making authorities throughout both the public and private sector invest substantial amounts of time and money into developing a recovery plan. Yet, some organizations fail to address who will execute the plan and how. Employee needs are not always being addressed and, as a result, many groups find themselves lacking support after a disaster. Operational restoration is jeopardized and this often affects the financial and psychological make up of a business. There are methods that help in identifying employee sensitivities. Once there is a solid understanding about recruiting the right recovery team, certain strategies promote adequate training and manpower. Essentially, people are behind every stage of emergency management. To produce desirable outcomes, material resources must combine with human resources.


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