“Back Off”! Helicopter Parenting and a Retreat From Marriage Among Emerging Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Willoughby ◽  
Joshua N. Hersh ◽  
Laura M. Padilla-Walker ◽  
Larry J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Helicopter Parenting

Parenting Practices and Emerging Adult Well-Being in the United States and China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Su ◽  
Alyssa McElwain ◽  
Xi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Helicopter Parenting ◽  
Two Samples

Parenting practices that promote or inhibit autonomy in their emerging adult child can impact the well-being of emerging adults. This study explored a variety of parenting practices and how these practices impact emerging adult well-being across two cultures. Associations between parental support, involvement, helicopter parenting, and psychological control and emerging adults’ well-being were compared between two samples of participants ages 18-25: American ( n = 643) and Chinese ( n = 514). Results indicate that parental support can promote well-being among emerging adults, but autonomy-limiting practices of psychological control and helicopter parenting seem to be unfavorable for emerging adults regardless of culture. Differences in reported mean levels of the four parenting practices were observed across the two culturally specific samples; however, the strength of associations between practices and emerging adult well-being was not statistically different.

scholarly journals The Link between Parenting Behaviors and Emerging Adults’ Relationship Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Relational Entitlement

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 828
Author(s):  
Octav-Sorin Candel
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Relational Satisfaction ◽  
Helicopter Parenting ◽  
Couple Conflict ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Interpersonal Behaviors ◽  
Supportive Behaviors ◽  
Relationship Outcomes

Previous research shows a link between parenting and children’s characteristics and interpersonal behaviors. However, little is known about the ways in which parenting tactics affect children’s romantic relationships and whether the children’s characteristics can mediate these associations. With this study, the aim was to test the associations between parents’ helicopter parenting/autonomy-supportive behaviors and emergent adults’ relational satisfaction and couple conflict. In addition, it was tested whether the sense of relational entitlement (excessive and restricted) mediated the links. Two hundred and twelve emergent adult–parent dyads participated in this study. Mediation analyses showed that parental autonomy-supportive behaviors had indirect effects on both the relational satisfaction and the couple conflict reported by the emerging adults through excessive relational entitlement. The link was positive for the former couple-related outcome and negative for the latter one. Helicopter parenting was not related to any variable reported by the emerging adults. In conclusion, positive parenting can increase relational stability and well-being by diminishing some potentially negative psychological characteristics of emerging adults.

The Effects of Maternal and Paternal Helicopter Parenting on the Self-determination and Well-being of Emerging Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 3346-3359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly H. Schiffrin ◽  
Mindy J. Erchull ◽  
Erynn Sendrick ◽  
Jennaveve C. Yost ◽  
Victoria Power ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Helicopter Parenting

Dimensionality of Helicopter Parenting and Relations to Emotional, Decision-Making, and Academic Functioning in Emerging Adults

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 841-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Luebbe ◽  
Kathryn J. Mancini ◽  
Elizabeth J. Kiel ◽  
Brooke R. Spangler ◽  
Julie L. Semlak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Academic Functioning ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Helicopter Parenting ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Information Seeking Behaviors

The current study tests the underlying structure of a multidimensional construct of helicopter parenting (HP), assesses reliability of the construct, replicates past relations of HP to poor emotional functioning, and expands the literature to investigate links of HP to emerging adults’ decision-making and academic functioning. A sample of 377 emerging adults (66% female; ages 17-30; 88% European American) were administered several items assessing HP as well as measures of other parenting behaviors, depression, anxiety, decision-making style, grade point average, and academic functioning. Exploratory factor analysis results suggested a four-factor, 23-item measure that encompassed varying levels of parental involvement in the personal and professional lives of their children. A bifactor model was also fit to the data and suggested the presence of a reliable overarching HP factor in addition to three reliable subfactors. The fourth subfactor was not reliable and item variances were subsumed by the general HP factor. HP was found to be distinct from, but correlated in expected ways with, other reports of parenting behavior. HP was also associated with poorer functioning in emotional functioning, decision making, and academic functioning. Parents’ information-seeking behaviors, when done in absences of other HP behaviors, were associated with better decision making and academic functioning.

Helicopter Parenting Versus Autonomy Supportive Parenting? A Latent Class Analysis of Parenting Among Emerging Adults and Their Psychological and Relational Well-Being

2021 ◽  
pp. 216769682110004
Author(s):  
Woosang Hwang ◽  
Eunjoo Jung
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Helicopter Parenting ◽  
Supportive Parenting ◽  
Parenting Class ◽  
Parenting Classes

We aim to identify typologies of parenting among emerging adults and describe how parenting typologies are related to their life satisfaction, self-efficacy, and parent-child relationship. Using a three-step latent class approach, we analyzed 472 mother-child and 426 father-child relations. We recruited the students from a private university in Upstate New York. We confirmed four parenting classes among emerging adult mothers and fathers: helicopter parenting, autonomy supportive parenting, uninvolved parenting, and parenting that combined characteristics of helicopter parenting and autonomy supportive parenting. We found that emerging adults whose parents were in the autonomy supportive parenting class reported higher scores on life satisfaction, self-efficacy, and their relationship with their parents than those in the helicopter parenting and uninvolved parenting classes. In addition, we found that emerging adults in the combined parenting class reported higher scores for life satisfaction and their relationship with their parents than those in the autonomy supportive parenting class.

The Relation of Helicopter Parenting to Maladaptive Perfectionism in Emerging Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2199319
Author(s):  
Katey N. Hayes ◽  
Lisa A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Helicopter Parenting ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maladaptive Perfectionism ◽  
Two Factors

Helicopter parenting may contribute to the development of children’s maladaptive perfectionism. This relationship may be salient in emerging adulthood, a time characterized by decision-making and navigating novel situations. This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the relation of helicopter parenting and maladaptive perfectionism. Emerging adult college students ( n = 264) completed measures of helicopter parenting and a measure of maladaptive perfectionism. Factor analysis of the helicopter parenting measures yielded two factors: the perceived parental behavior factor included items about parents intervening in the emerging adults’ lives and the affective response factor included items about how the emerging adults felt about the reported parental intervention. Findings supported a mediation model where parental behavior was related to maladaptive perfectionism through the construct of affective response. These findings document the importance of understanding behaviors associated with helicopter parenting as well as individual differences in how emerging adults interpret and respond to those behaviors.

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