Age and Gender Differences in Perceived Parenting Styles and Emotional Outcomes in Early Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110513
Author(s):  
Beatriz Ortega ◽  
Alonso Mateo ◽  
María V. Jimeno ◽  
Jorge J. Ricarte
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Emotional Outcomes ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Mental Well Being

Early adolescents’ perception of parenting styles is crucial to their present and future physical and mental well-being. The main aim of the present study was to analyze differences in parenting styles between mothers and fathers and differences on emotional state scales (anxiety, depression, and purpose in life) depending on gender, age, and family structure in 744 girls (54%) and boys (45.7%) aged between 10 and 12 years. The results showed that the early adolescents perceived greater levels of affect than criticism, with mothers being considered more affectionate than fathers. The greater the perceived affect and communication, the greater was the perception of purpose in life and the lower the levels of anxiety and depression in early adolescents. Boys showed higher levels of perceived criticism and rejection. Family affect and communication play a key role in purpose in life and emotional well-being of children, with parenting styles being a determining factor.

Interactive Influences of Gender Identity and Gender Typing on Early Adolescents’ Well-Being

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Menon ◽  
Kirsten Schellhorn ◽  
Catherine A. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gender Typing ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Parental Educational Attainment and Mental Well-Being of College Students: Diminished Returns of Blacks

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Black Families ◽  
Black College ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Black College Students ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Parental Educational Attainment ◽  
Mental Well Being

Background. According to the Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDR) theory, the health returns of socioeconomic status (SES) are systemically smaller for Blacks compared to Whites. Less is known, however, about trans-generational aspects of such diminished gains. For example, the differential impact of parental educational attainment on differences in mental well-being between White versus Black college students remains unknown. Aims. With a national scope, this study explored racial differences in the effect of parental educational attainment on the mental well-being of college students in the United States. Methods. The Healthy Mind Study (HMS), 2016–2017, is a national telephone survey that included 41,898 college students. The sample was composed of Whites (n = 38,544; 92.0%) and Blacks (n = 3354; 8.0%). The independent variable was highest parental educational attainment. The dependent variable was mental well-being (mentally healthy days in the past month) which was measured using a single item. Age and gender were covariates. Race was the moderator. Logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results. In the pooled sample, high parental educational attainment was associated with better mental wellbeing, independent of race, age, and gender. Race, however, showed a significant interaction with parental educational attainment on students’ mental wellbeing, indicating a smaller effect of parent education on the mental wellbeing of Black compared to White college students. Conclusions. The returns of parental educational attainment in terms of mental well-being is smaller for Black college students compared to their White counterparts. To minimize the diminished returns of parental education in Black families, policies should go beyond equalizing SES and reduce the structural barriers that are common in the lives of Black families. Policies should also aim to reduce extra costs of upward social mobility, prevent discrimination, and enhance the quality of education for Blacks. As the mechanisms that are involved in MDR are multi-level, multi-level solutions are needed to minimize the racial gaps in gaining mental health benefits from higher socioeconomic levels.

scholarly journals Exploring Age and Gender Differences in Narcissism and Perfectionism and Their Mental-Health Correlates

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-36
Author(s):  
Éva Kállay ◽  
Alexandra Rebeca Mihoc
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
Environmental Mastery ◽  
And Gender

"The changes occurring in modern society can significantly influence individuals’ well-being, mental health and even personality traits such as narcissism and perfectionism. Since studies investigating age and gender differences in narcissism and perfectionism have produced mixed results, and the number of studies conducted in Romanian population is scarce, the main aims of this study were to investigate possible age and gender differences in narcissism, perfectionism and several mental-health indicators in a sample of healthy participants, as well as specific association patterns between these variables within each group of participants. Our sample included 465 millennials and 149 participants over 35 years of age. The results indicate that millennials reported significantly lower levels of narcissism and self-oriented perfectionism than the older generations, higher levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. Female millennials reported lower levels of narcissistic traits and higher levels of socially-prescribed perfectionism, depressive symptoms, personal growth, and positive relations with others than male participants. Older females indicated significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms and loneliness than male participants. Regarding association patterns, in the group of millennial women narcissism was positively correlated with self-oriented, socially-prescribed perfectionism and subjective well-being, and negatively with loneliness, environmental mastery and purpose in life. In millennial males, we found significant positive correlations only between narcissism and subjective well-being and environmental mastery. Our findings may have important implications for the literature regarding millennials and can contribute to the interventions and prevention programs designed to improve their well-being. Keywords: millennials, narcissism, perfectionism, mental health indicators, age and gender differences "

Perceived Parenting Styles and Emotional Intelligence Among Adolescents in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-454
Author(s):  
Quynh-Anh N. Nguyen ◽  
Thach D. Tran ◽  
Tu-Anh Tran ◽  
T. A. Nguyen ◽  
Jane Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire ◽  
The Impact

Emotional intelligence (EI) has a significant role in psychological well-being and is affected by parenting styles. There is no evidence about this relationship in countries with the impact of Confucianism and feudalism, in which parents use authoritarian caregiving to foster their children. The aim of the current study was to examine the association between parenting styles and EI among Vietnamese adolescents. This is a cross-sectional school survey using multilevel regression analyses controlling for potential confounders and school cluster effects. The principal data sources were the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire—Adolescent Short Form, which has been translated into Vietnamese, and the locally validated Parental Bonding Instrument, which assesses three main parenting styles: warmth, overprotectiveness, and authoritarianism. Results from 1,593 students revealed that boys had significantly higher overall EI, Well-Being, and Self-Control subscale scores than girls. The warmth of parents during childhood was associated with higher EI, while overprotectiveness and authoritarianism from mothers were associated with lower EI among adolescents. This study supports the impact of parenting styles on EI. The warmth and care from both mother and father will benefit the emotional development of their children in Vietnam.

Risk Factors for and Mental Well-Being Outcomes of Economic Abuse in Hong Kong Chinese Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Ho-Yin Yau ◽  
Daniel Yee-Tak Fong ◽  
Janet Yuen-Ha Wong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychosomatic Symptoms ◽  
Economic Abuse ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Mental Well Being

Although economic abuse is one of the major tactics of intimate partner violence, there has been a lack of empirical evidence on the factors associated with economic abuse and its mental well-being outcomes in Chinese population. This study aimed to identify risk factors for and mental well-being of economic abuse in Chinese population. This was a cross-sectional household survey with 504 Chinese adults in Hong Kong. It was found that unmarried individuals and individuals with tertiary education or above were at risk of economic abuse. Moreover, there were significant association between economic abuse experience and anxiety, depression, and psychosomatic symptoms. Resilience was the protective factor against anxiety, depression, and psychosomatic symptoms. The findings were discussed alongside with Chinese culture.

Teaching Health versus Treating Illness: The Efficacy of Three Principles Correctional Counseling with People in an English Prison

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 2831-2856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Kelley ◽  
Jacqueline Hollows ◽  
Eric G. Lambert ◽  
Dennis M. Savard ◽  
Jack Pransky
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Experience ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Prison Community ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Mental Well Being

Three principles correctional counseling (3PCC) posits that people in prison have inner mental health they have obscured to varying degrees with their own thinking. 3PCC further posits that people in prison can rekindle and sustain this inner health via understanding how three psychospiritual principles—Universal Mind, consciousness, and thought—coalesce to form people’s psychological experience. We review the three principles and explain how exposure to these principles can lead to improved mental health and improved behavior. Then, we describe 3PCC and distinguish it from prevailing correctional counseling methods. Finally, we present a preliminary study that examines the efficacy of 3PCC for improving the mental health and behavior of people in an English prison. Our findings show that participants exposed to 3PCC showed a significant improvement in mental well-being and purpose in life, significant reductions in anxiety and anger, and improved behavior in the prison community.

scholarly journals Sextech Use as a Potential Mental Health Reprieve: The Role of Anxiety, Depression, and Loneliness in Seeking Sex Online

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8924
Author(s):  
Alexandra S. Marcotte ◽  
Ellen M. Kaufman ◽  
Jessica T. Campbell ◽  
Tania A. Reynolds ◽  
Justin R. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Mental Health Interventions ◽  
Important Pathway ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Mental Well Being

Depression, anxiety, and loneliness have long been recognized as global mental health concerns. To temporarily relieve psychological distress, self-soothing behavior is common, including engagement in sexual behaviors that are linked to positive mental well-being. Considering the COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated many mental health ailments alongside physical distancing regulations, we specifically examined online sexual behavior via the use of emergent digital sexual technologies, or sextech. In a 2019 study of 8004 American adults, we assessed whether people experiencing higher anxiety, depression, and/or loneliness were more likely to engage in sextech use. Furthermore, we examined whether anxiety or depression mediated the association between loneliness and sextech use, as loneliness is one contributor to anxiety and depression. People with higher anxiety and depression were more likely to engage in sextech. However, those who were more lonely were less likely to engage with sextech, suggesting the aforementioned patterns were not due to lack of social connection. Our findings suggest people with mental health struggles may be drawn to interactive, digital forms of sexual behavior as a means of alleviating symptoms through distraction or self-soothing. This insight offers an important pathway for expanding the scope of mental health interventions, particularly as technology becomes increasingly prevalent and accessible in everyday life.

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