Parents’ Perceptions of Education and Culture as a Context of Parental Stress: A Study of Parents of Preschool Children in Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110648
Author(s):  
Hua Guo ◽  
Stephen Wing Kai Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Perceptions Of Education

This study examines how cultural context mediates the association between parents’ perceptions of education and parental stress under the ABC-X model. The analysis was based on a sample of 6454 parents of preschool children in Hong Kong. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis detected two major dimensions of parents’ perceptions of children’s education. Ordinary least squares regression models with interaction terms were used to analyze the identified dimensions’ associations with parental stress. The study found preschool parents with an assertive perception of children’s cognitive skills, discipline, coercion, and competition were more stressed than parents with a responsive perception of children’s non-cognitive skills, self-management, autonomy, and cooperation in education. Parents paradoxically caught between these two types of perceptions were the most stressed. Native residents and earlier immigrant parents also had a higher level of stress than recent immigrants.

scholarly journals Correcting measurement error bias in interaction models with small samples

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Bisbe ◽  
Germà Coenders ◽  
Willem Saris ◽  
Joan Batista-Foguet
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Error Bias

Several methods have been suggested to estimate non-linear models with interaction terms in the presence of measurement error. Structural equation models eliminate measurement error bias, but require large samples. Ordinary least squares regression on summated scales, regression on factor scores and partial least squares are appropriate for small samples but do not correct measurement error bias. Two stage least squares regression does correct measurement error bias but the results strongly depend on the instrumental variable choice. This article discusses the old disattenuated regression method as an alternative for correcting measurement error in small samples. The method is extended to the case of interaction terms and is illustrated on a model that examines the interaction effect of innovation and style of use of budgets on business performance. Alternative reliability estimates that can be used to disattenuate the estimates are discussed. A comparison is made with the alternative methods. Methods that do not correct for measurement error bias perform very similarly and considerably worse than disattenuated regression.

Subjective wellbeing of Chinese elderly: a comparative analysis among Hong Kong, Urban China and Taiwan

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Jia Miao ◽  
Xiaogang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Chinese Societies

AbstractThis study investigates the relative importance of living with adult children and social participation for the elderly's subjective wellbeing (happiness) in three Chinese societies (Hong Kong, urban China and Taiwan). We use data from the 2011 wave of the Hong Kong Panel Study of Social Dynamics (N = 1,658), the 2010 China Family Panel Studies in mainland China (N = 3,198) and the 2010 wave of the Taiwan Social Change Survey (N = 790). The ordinary least squares regression shows that, as the family value of society moves forward on a traditional–modern continuum, the elderly benefit more psychologically from social participation and less from living with children. The older people in Hong Kong who live independently with a spouse are in a significantly better emotional state than those living with adult children. Social participation is positively associated with subjective wellbeing among the aged in Hong Kong but not among those in urban China and Taiwan. The findings suggest that encouraging social involvement is important for effective public policy to tackle rapid population ageing in Chinese societies.

scholarly journals INTERNET USE AND NEGATIVE HEALTH PERCEPTIONS: THE MODERATING ROLES OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH LITERACY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S326-S326
Author(s):  
Gul Seckin ◽  
Valarie Bell ◽  
Susan Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Perceived Strain

Abstract There is a mixed support regarding the effect of Internet use on health and well-being. We estimated the extent to which e-health literacy predicted two domains of negative assessment of well-being: negative affect and self-reported experience of health problems. Respondents were randomly sampled from the largest national online probability-based research panel (N = 710). Hierarchical ordinary least squares regression analyses were employed for hypothesis testing. We computed interaction terms (e-health literacy x strain; e-health literacy x education; and education x strain) as determinants of negative subjective assessment of well-being. Older adults with higher levels of e-health literacy reported significantly more health information consumerism [(t (194) = 7.32, p ≤ .0001] but less strain in medical encounters [(t (194) = 2.92, p ≤ .004]. They reported less negative affect [(t (194) = 2.11, p ≤ .036] and more satisfaction with medical encounters [(t (194) = 4.70, p ≤ .0001]. The effect of perceived strain in medical encounters on negative affect was weaker among those with higher levels of education (β = -.314, p ≤ .01). Education had a significant moderating effect on the association between perceived strain in medical encounters and self-reported health problems, (β = -.550, p ≤ .05). Those who reported lower averages for e-health literacy but higher educational levels indicated lower averages on negative affect (β = -.597, p ≤ .05). Given that conventional methods of acquiring health-related information shift to the Internet, our study holds significant health and social implications for a rapidly growing Internet-connected older population.

scholarly journals The relationships that matter: social network site use and social wellbeing among older adults in the United States of America

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1826-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
REBECCA P. YU ◽  
RYAN J. MCCAMMON ◽  
NICOLE B. ELLISON ◽  
KENNETH M. LANGA
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Social Wellbeing ◽  
Nationally Representative

ABSTRACTAn increasing number of middle-aged and older Americans are using social network sites (SNSs), but little research has addressed how SNS use is associated with social wellbeing outcomes in this population. Using a nationally representative sample of 1,620 Americans older than 50 from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we examine the relationship between older adults’ SNS use and social wellbeing associated with non-kin and kin relations and explore how these associations vary by age. Results of ordinary least-squares regression analyses suggest that SNS use is positively associated with non-kin-related social wellbeing outcomes, including perceived support from friends (β = 0.13; p < 0.001; N = 460) and feelings of connectedness (β = 0.10; p < 0.001; N = 463). Regression models employing interaction terms of age and SNS use further reveal that SNS use contributes to feelings of connectedness to a greater extent as people age (β = 0.10; p < 0.001; N = 463). Of all kin-related social wellbeing outcomes, SNS use only predicts increased perceived support from children (β = 0.08; p < 0.05; N = 410), and age negatively shapes this relationship (β = −0.14; p < 0.001; N = 410). As older people engage with an increasingly smaller and narrower network with a greater proportion of kin contacts, our results suggest that SNS use may help older adults access differential social benefits throughout later life.

scholarly journals Least Likely Observations in Regression Models for Categorical Outcomes

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Freese
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
Negative Outcome

This article presents a method and program for identifying poorly fitting observations for maximum-likelihood regression models for categorical dependent variables. After estimating a model, the program leastlikely will list the observations that have the lowest predicted probabilities of observing the value of the outcome category that was actually observed. For example, when run after estimating a binary logistic regression model, leastlikely will list the observations with a positive outcome that had the lowest predicted probabilities of a positive outcome and the observations with a negative outcome that had the lowest predicted probabilities of a negative outcome. These can be considered the observations in which the outcome is most surprising given the values of the independent variables and the parameter estimates and, like observations with large residuals in ordinary least squares regression, may warrant individual inspection. Use of the program is illustrated with examples using binary and ordered logistic regression.

Home Health Agencies: Empirical Evidence on the Patient-Driven Groupings Model’s Expected Effects on Agency Reimbursements

2021 ◽  
pp. 108482232199038
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Plummer ◽  
William F. Wempe
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Process Quality ◽  
Home Health ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Residual Variation ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Dual Eligible ◽  
Home Health Agencies ◽  
Seriously Ill Patients ◽  
Seriously Ill

Beginning January 1, 2020, Medicare’s Patient-Driven Groupings Model (PDGM) eliminated therapy as a direct determinant of Home Health Agencies’ (HHAs’) reimbursements. Instead, PDGM advances Medicare’s shift toward value-based payment models by directly linking HHAs’ reimbursements to patients’ medical conditions. We use 3 publicly-available datasets and ordered logistic regression to examine the associations between HHAs’ pre-PDGM provision of therapy and their other agency, patient, and quality characteristics. Our study therefore provides evidence on PDGM’s likely effects on HHA reimbursements assuming current patient populations and service levels do not change. We find that PDGM will likely increase payments to rural and facility-based HHAs, as well as HHAs serving greater proportions of non-white, dual-eligible, and seriously ill patients. Payments will also increase for HHAs scoring higher on quality surveys, but decrease for HHAs with higher outcome and process quality scores. We also use ordinary least squares regression to examine residual variation in HHAs’ expected reimbursement changes under PDGM, after accounting for any expected changes related to their pre-PDGM levels of therapy provision. We find that larger and rural HHAs will likely experience residual payment increases under PDGM, as will HHAs with greater numbers of seriously ill, younger, and non-white patients. HHAs with higher process quality, but lower outcome quality, will similarly benefit from PDGM. Understanding how PDGM affects HHAs is crucial as policymakers seek ways to increase equitable access to safe and affordable non-facility-provided healthcare that provides appropriate levels of therapy, nursing, and other care.

Punitive discipline and child behavior problems in Chinese-American immigrant families: The moderating effects of indigenous child-rearing ideologies

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 520-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joey J. Fung ◽  
Anna S. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Immigrant Families ◽  
Child Behavior Problems ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
Punitive Discipline

In a sample of 107 Chinese immigrant families we examined whether cultural child-rearing beliefs moderated the association between parents’ use of punitive discipline and children’s behavioral adjustment. Immigrant parents and their children aged 7 to 17 years completed measures of parental discipline and child behavior problems. Parents also reported on indigenous Chinese child-rearing ideologies regarding shaming and training as strategies for raising competent and moral children. Results of hierarchical regression models conducted with parent-reported data indicated that the negative effects of punitive discipline on child behavior problems were not apparent when parents adhered to training and shaming ideologies. However, the buffering effects of training ideologies were more robust and consistent than shaming. The findings provide some evidence that the discipline—behavior problem link may be moderated by cultural context of caregiver psychology which shapes the meaning and implications of parental behavior.

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