Spontaneous Findings in the Eyes of Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) of Mauritian Origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Woicke ◽  
Solomon Haile ◽  
Jagannatha Mysore ◽  
W. Michael Peden ◽  
Typhaine Lejeune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Ciliary Epithelium ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Historical Controls ◽  
Glial Nodules

Spontaneous findings noted in the eyes of Mauritian cynomolgus monkeys are described and descriptions are supplemented with illustrations. Findings observed after extensive histopathologic examinations (20 to 44 sections per eye) from 20 control, 17 treatment-naive stock monkeys, and 2 findings noted in drug-treated monkeys that were considered to be spontaneous are included. Also included are findings from 361 control monkeys of routine toxicity studies performed at our laboratories, for most of which a standard histopathological examination of 1 section per eye was conducted. Common observations in monkeys examined extensively and in historical controls were limited to lymphocytic or mononuclear cell infiltrations of the uvea and/or conjunctiva/sclera and, less commonly observed, melanocytoma of the ciliary body or iris. Findings noted only in monkeys examined extensively consisted of inflammation of the conjunctiva, ora serrata cysts, glial nodules, focal degeneration of the retina, cystoid degeneration of the central retina, ballooning degeneration of the ciliary epithelium, cyst of the ciliary body, and decreased pigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium. Changes recorded only in historical controls included retinal atrophy and nuclear displacement in the retina. Lesions are discussed and compared with pertinent literature.

Expression of monocarboxylate transporters in rat ocular tissues

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. C416-C428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn Chidlow ◽  
John P. M. Wood ◽  
Mark Graham ◽  
Neville N. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Müller Cells ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽  
Muller Cells ◽  
Ciliary Processes ◽  
Unique Distribution ◽  
Plexiform Layers

The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) subtypes 1-4 in the various structures of the rat eye by using a combination of conventional and real-time RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. Retinal samples expressed mRNAs encoding all four MCTs. MCT1 immunoreactivity was observed in photoreceptor inner segments, Müller cells, retinal capillaries, and the two plexiform layers. MCT2 labeling was concentrated in the inner and outer plexiform layers. MCT4 immunolabeling was present only in the inner retina, particularly in putative Müller cells, and the plexiform layers. No MCT3 labeling could be observed. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid expressed high levels of MCT1 and MCT3 mRNAs but lower levels of MCT2 and MCT4 mRNAs. MCT1 was localized to the apical and MCT3 to the basal membrane of the RPE, whereas MCT2 staining was faint. Although MCT1-MCT4 mRNAs were all detectable in iris and ciliary body samples, only MCT1 and MCT2 proteins were expressed. These were present in the iris epithelium and the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary processes. MCT4 was localized to the smooth muscle lining of large vessels in the iris-ciliary body and choroid. In the cornea, MCT1 and MCT2 mRNAs and proteins were detectable in the epithelium and endothelium, whereas evidence was found for the presence of MCT4 and, to a lesser extent, MCT1 in the lens epithelium. The unique distribution of MCT subtypes in the eye is indicative of the pivotal role that these transporters play in the maintenance of ocular function.

EVALUATION OF LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPESEED OIL FED TO MONKEYS: CARDIAC LIPIDS, HISTOCHEMISTRY AND PATHOLOGY

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. G. KRAMER ◽  
H. W. HULAN ◽  
B. G. PROCTER ◽  
G. RONA ◽  
M. G. MANDAVIA
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Myocardial Lesions

Male and female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), equally divided as to sex, were fed, up to 24 wk, diets which contained 20% by weight of either soybean oil or Brassica napus cv. Tower rapeseed oil which contained 0.2% erucic acid. Long-chain monoenes appeared to accumulate in the cardiac lipids of both sexes fed Tower rapeseed oil. Histochemical studies suggested no myocardial damage associated with the feeding of either diet. Histopathological examination of the hearts of monkeys fed the two diets showed that only two male monkeys fed soybean oil for 24 wk had myocardial lesions, and these were multiple small foci of mononuclear cells. The results indicate that Tower rapeseed oil is indistinguishable from soybean oil in its nutritional and pathological properties.

scholarly journals Aqueous humour concentrations of PEDF and Erythropoietin are not influenced by subthreshold micropulse laser treatment of diabetic macular edema

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Midena ◽  
Silvia Bini ◽  
Luisa Frizziero ◽  
Elisabetta Pilotto ◽  
Graziana Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Aqueous Humour ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Micropulse Laser ◽  
Subthreshold Micropulse Laser ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Glass Chip

Abstract Purpose: To determine if aqueous humour (AH) concentrations of Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE)’s biomarkers are modified after subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL) treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: Naïve DME and healthy subjects were enrolled. All DME patients received SMPL treatments (577-nm yellow light, 5% duty cycle of 0.2 s, power 250 mW), according to study protocol. AH of DME eyes was sampled at baseline and periodically after first SMPL treatment. Control eyes were sampled before cataract surgery. Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor (PEDF) and Erythropoietin (EPO) were quantified with glass-chip protein array. Results: Eighteen DME patients (central retinal thickness ≤ 400 μm on Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT)) and ten controls were enrolled. The main exclusion criteria were high refractive error, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and neurodegenerative disorders. PEDF concentration was decreased in DME patients at baseline versus controls (P=0.012), while EPO was increased (P=0.029). Both molecules’ concentrations remained stable during follow-up after treatments, compared with DME-baseline. Conclusions: The AH concentrations of RPE biomarkers were significantly different in DME treatment-naïve eyes versus controls. The expression of PEDF and EPO remained unchanged after treatments with SMPL in DME eyes. These data are relevant for future research and applications of SMPL.

Involvement of p27(KIP1) in proliferation of the retinal pigment epithelium and ciliary body

2004 ◽  
Vol 208 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyasu Nagahama ◽  
Takayuki Harada ◽  
Hiromi Ikeda ◽  
Chikako Harada ◽  
Junko Imaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
P27 Kip1

scholarly journals Cytoskeleton in neuroectodermally derived epithelial and muscle cells of the human iris and ciliary body.

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1517-1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kivelä ◽  
U Fuchs ◽  
A Tarkkanen
Keyword(s):  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Dilator Muscle ◽  
Human Iris ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded

The cytoskeleton of epithelial and muscle cells of the human iris and ciliary body was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in three morphologically normal formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded eyes and in 34 eyes containing a uveal melanoma. Both layers of the iris epithelium reacted with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) V9 and Vim 3B4 to vimentin, whereas the ciliary epithelia additionally reacted with MAb CAM 5.2, CK5, KS-B17.2, and CY-90, recognizing cytokeratins 8 and 18. The same cytokeratin MAb labeled the retinal pigment epithelium, which lacked vimentin. The muscle portion of the anterior iris epithelium, which forms the dilator muscle, as well as the sphincter and ciliary muscles, reacted with MAb DE-U-10 to desmin and 1A4 to alpha-smooth muscle actin. The dilator and ciliary muscles also reacted with V9 and Vim 3B4 to vimentin, and some dilator fibers were weakly immunopositive for cytokeratin 8 and 18 with CY-90 and CAM 5.2. The antigenic profile of iris and ciliary epithelia infiltrated by melanoma cells remained unchanged. The intraocular epithelia, which are developmentally related but differ in function, and the intraocular muscles, which differ in origin but are functionally related, have distinct cytoskeletal profiles and may provide insights into the functional significance of intermediate filament expression.

scholarly journals Defining the proteome of human iris, ciliary body, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1146-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingbo Zhang ◽  
David Kirby ◽  
Craig Dufresne ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Randi Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Human Iris

Intraocular tumours

2014 ◽  
pp. 625-650
Author(s):  
Alastair K.O. Denniston ◽  
Philip I. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Intraocular Tumours

‘Intraocular tumours’ provides the reader with a practical approach to the assessment and management of these diseases. This chapter includes iris tumours, ciliary body tumours, choroidal tumours (including melanoma and haemangioma), retinoblastoma, retinal pigment epithelium tumours and lymphoma. Using a patient-centred approach the key clinical features, investigations and treatment (medical and surgical) are described for each condition.

Macular atrophy development in neovascular age-related macular degeneration during first year of treatment: Incidence and risk factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212090871
Author(s):  
Mariana A Oliveira ◽  
Cláudia Farinha ◽  
Tiago M Rodrigues ◽  
Amélia Martins ◽  
Maria da Luz Cachulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Macular Atrophy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Retinal Atrophy ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Purpose: To assess the development of macular atrophy, according to the new Classification of Atrophy Meetings criteria, in patients with treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration during the first year of treatment with ranibizumab or aflibercept, and to determine baseline factors predictive of atrophy development. Methods: Retrospective subanalysis of three prospective clinical trials that included eyes with treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Multimodal evaluation was performed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence and color fundus photography at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. The main outcome was the macular atrophy type, classified according to Classification of Atrophy Meeting criteria. Logistic regression models were built to test predictors of macular atrophy development. Results: A total of 85 eyes of 85 patients (63% female; mean age: 78.5 ± 6.3 years old) were included. After 12 months of antiangiogenic therapy, all four Classification of Atrophy Meeting types of macular atrophy developed de novo. The atrophy type with highest incidence at end of follow-up was incomplete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (63.6%; 95% confidence interval: 45.9%–86.0%). A significant association was observed between development at 12 months and the presence of incomplete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy at baseline (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 22.4 (1.6, 323.5)). The number of injections was predictive of complete outer retinal atrophy development at end of follow-up (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.5 (1.1, 2.1), p = 0.011). Conclusion: Predictors of atrophy development have the potential to change treatment practices. Further research is warranted.

Chemistry, Distribution, and Metabolism of Tomato Carotenoids and Their Impact on Human Health

2002 ◽  
Vol 227 (10) ◽  
pp. 845-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Khachik ◽  
Lorena Carvalho ◽  
Paul S. Bernstein ◽  
Garth J. Muir ◽  
Da-You Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ocular Tissues ◽  
Age Related

Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that the consumption of tomatoes and tomato-based food products reduce the risk of prostate cancer in humans. This protective effect has been attributed to carotenoids, which are one of the major classes of phytochemicals in this fruit. The most abundant carotenoid in tomato is lycopene, followed by phytoene, phytofluene, ζ-carotene, -γ-carotene, ß-carotene, neurosporene, and lutein. The distribution of lycopene and related carotenoids in tomatoes and tomato-based food products has been determined by extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-UV/Visible photodiode array detection. Detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of human serum, milk, and organs, particularly prostate, have revealed the presence of all the aforementioned carotenoids in biologically significant concentrations. Two oxidative metabolites of lycopene, 2, 6-cyclolycopene-1, 5-diols A and B, which are only present in tomatoes in extremely low concentrations, have been isolated and identified in human serum, milk, organs (liver, lung, breast, liver, prostate, colon) and skin. Carotenoids may also play an important role in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, and other blinding disorders. Among 25 dietary carotenoids and nine metabolites routinely found in human serum, mainly (3R, 3'R, 6'R)-lutein, (3R, 3'R)-zeaxanthin, lycopene, and their metabolites were detected in ocular tissues. In this review we identified and quantified the complete spectrum of carotenoids from pooled human retinal pigment epithelium, ciliary body, iris, lens, and in the uveal tract and in other tissues of the human eye to gain a better insight into the metabolic pathways of ocular carotenoids. Although (3R, 3'R, 6'R)-lutein, (3R, 3'R)-zeaxanthin, and their metabolites constitute the major carotenoids in human ocular tissues, lycopene and a wide range of dietary carotenoids have been detected in high concentrations in ciliary body and retinal pigment epithelium. The possible role of lycopene and other dietary carotenoids in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases Is discussed.

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