Incidences and Range of Spontaneous Microscopic Lesions in the Eye of Sprague-Dawley Rats and Han Wistar Rats Used in Toxicity Studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 019262332095147
Author(s):  
Emilie Cloup ◽  
Pedro Romao ◽  
Ian Taylor ◽  
Vasanthi Mowat ◽  
Sydney Mukaratirwa
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Degeneration ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Test Article ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ocular Lesions ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Female Control

The incidence and range of spontaneous microscopic lesions were determined in the eyes of male and female control Sprague-Dawley and Han Wistar rats. Data were collected retrospectively from 1411, 817, 970, 658, and 3999 rats from control groups of 4-, 13-, 26-, 52-, and 104-week studies, respectively, carried out between 1997 and 2019. Microscopic lesions of the eye were rare in 4- and 13-week studies, uncommon in 26- and 52-week studies, and were of relatively higher incidence in 104-week studies. Neoplastic lesions were sporadic and were only observed in 104-week studies. In Sprague-Dawley rats, the most common lesions (>1% in 104-week studies) were retinal degeneration, retinal rosettes/folds, and lenticular degeneration. The Han Wistar rats presented a range of ocular lesions similar to the Sprague-Dawley rats. However, retinal degeneration occurred with an earlier onset and at higher incidences, ranging from >5% in 26-week studies up to 45.72% in 104-week studies. In both strains, females exhibited higher incidences and severities of retinal degeneration. It is hoped that reference to the incidences reported here will facilitate the differentiation of spontaneous lesions from test article–induced lesions in toxicology studies in these strains of rat.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Single-Dose Toxicity of Capsaicin Pharmacopuncture in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hye Hwang ◽  
Jaseung Ku ◽  
Chul Jung
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
And Control ◽  
Safe Dose

Background: This study aimed to assess the toxicity of capsaicin (CP) pharmacopunture in an animal model.<br/>Methods: The toxicity of a single-muscular dose of CP (45.45 mg/mL) was evaluated in 6-week-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. A total of 20 rats were assigned to 2 groups which were sex and weight matched. All rats acclimatized for 1 week before receiving 1.0 mL of CP (45.45 mg/mL) or normal saline solution(control) intramuscularly. The general condition and mortality of the animals were observed. The rats were sacrificed 2 weeks after CP was administered and histopathology was performed.<br/>Results: No abnormal symptoms or deaths were observed, and there was no difference in body weights between the CP and control groups throughout the study. No significant differences in histopathology were observed between the groups.<br/>Conclusion: No toxicological changes related to the administration of CP were observed. This study indicated that the safe dose of CP in Sprague-Dawley rats was 1.0 mL of CP (45.45 mg/mL) or less. Further studies are needed to confirm the safety of CP in the human body.

scholarly journals Role of Tissue Repair in Carbon Tetrachloride Hepatotoxicity in Male and Female Sprague-Dawley and Wistar Rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Calabrese ◽  
Denise A. Leonard ◽  
Xiaoqiang Zhao ◽  
Kamala Lakshmanan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

This study was designed to assess the hypothesis that large differences between male and female Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats in susceptibility to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity are related to the differential capacity to repair tissue damage. This hypothesis was evaluated via two complementary approaches, (a) Separate groups of rats were administered a minimum lethal dose (LD10) of CC14, with colchicine (CLC) given at 24, 48, or 72 h after CCl4, and assessed for survival, (b) Rats were given a modestly hepatotoxic dose of CC14 and evaluated in terms of the rate and magnitude of damage and the efficiency of repair activities. The mortality for Wistar rats was high for both males (70%) and females (90%) treated with CLC at 24 h after CC14 administration but fell to 33% for females while remaining high (67%) for males treated with CLC at 48 h after CC14 administration. Both male and female Sprague-Dawley rats also exhibited a high mortality rate (70–80%) when administered CLC 24 h after CC14. As in the Wistar rats, the mortality in the Sprague-Dawley females declined to 36% while it remained high among males (67%) when CLC was administered 48 h after the CC14 dose. Male and female Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with CC14 (0.3 ml/kg, 1:1, vol/vol in corn oil, i.p.), and the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were monitored at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. In the Sprague-Dawley strain, AST and ALT values were markedly increased in the female as compared with the male at 24, 48, and 72 h. Both sexes displayed decreasing serum enzyme values starting at 48 h. In contrast to Sprague-Dawley rats, male Wistar rats showed progressive increases and significantly higher AST/ALT values than the females at 48 h; conversely, by 48 h the female rats were starting to display decreasing serum enzyme levels indicative of tissue repair. The findings support the hypothesis that the enhanced susceptibility to CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity of the male compared with the female Wistar rat is principally due to a slower capacity for hepatic tissue repair. In contrast, the principal cause for the enhanced susceptibility of the female compared with the male Sprague-Dawley rat to CC14-induced hepatotoxicity is most likely related to its greater susceptibility for the production of liver damage rather than a less efficient tissue-repair process. Key Words: Carbon tetrachloride-Hepatotoxicity-Sex differences-Tissue repair

Ultrastructural Investigation of Spontaneous Pituitary Adenomas in Aging Sprague-Dawley Rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Prolactin Cells ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Ultrastructural Investigation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Long Evans

Investigation of the spontaneous pituitary adenomas in rat have been limited mainly to light microscopic study. Furth et al. (1973) described them as chromophobic, secreting prolactin. Kovacs et al. (1977) in an ul trastructural investigation of adenomas of old female Long-Evans rats, found that they were composed of prolactin cells. Berkvens et al. (1980) using immunocytochemistry at the light microscopic level, demonstrated that some spontaneous tumors of old Wistar rats could contain GH, TSH or ACTH as well as PRL.

Ultrastructural investigation of spontaneous pituitary gonadotroph cell adenomas in aging Sprague-Dawley rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 702-703
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reticulin Fibers ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Gonadotroph cell adenomas of the pituitary are infrequent in human patients and are not invariably associated with altered gonadal function. To date, no animal model of this tumor type exists. Herein, we describe spontaneous gonadotroph cell adenomas in old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy.The material consisted of the pituitaries of 27 male and 38 female Sprague Dawley rats, all 26 months of age or older, removed at routine autopsy. Sections of formal in-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained with hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron (HPS), the PAS method and the Gordon-Sweet technique for the demonstration of reticulin fibers. For immunostaining, sections were exposed to anti-rat β-LH, anti-ratβ-TSH, anti-rat PRL, anti-rat GH and anti-rat ACTH 1-39. For electron microscopy, tissue was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% OsO4 and embedded in epoxy-resin. Tissue fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in epoxy resin without osmification, was used for immunoelectron microscopy.

Light and electron microscopic investigation of adenohypophyses of germfree, food-restricted, and germfree-food restricted aging, male lobund-wistar rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
G. Ilse ◽  
K. Kovacs ◽  
N. Ryan ◽  
T. Sano ◽  
L. Stefaneanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Aging Male ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Germfree state and food restriction have been shown to increase life span and delay tumor occurrence in rats. We report here the histologic, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic findings of adenohypophyses of aging, male Lobund-Wistar rats raised at Lobund Laboratories. In our previous study, the morphologic changes in the adenohypophyses of old rats have been extensively investigated by histology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Lactotroph adenomas were frequent in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas gonadotroph adenomas were frequent in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.Male Lobund-Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) conventional, which were raised under normal non-germfree environment and received food ad libitum; 2) germfree-food ad libitum; 3) conventional environment-food restricted and 4) germfree-food restricted. The adenohypophyses were removed from 6-month-, 18-month- and 30-month-old rats. For light microscopy, adenohypophyses were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin.

Hepatic effects of a highly purified PCB 180 in adult male and female Sprague–Dawley rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. S39-S40
Author(s):  
Robert Roos ◽  
Patrik Andersson ◽  
Päivi Heikkinen ◽  
Hans-Joachim Schmitz ◽  
Leo van der Ven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

scholarly journals Lodenafil treatment in the monocrotaline model of pulmonary hypertension in rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Bastos Polonio ◽  
Milena Marques Pagliareli Acencio ◽  
Rogério Pazetti ◽  
Francine Maria de Almeida ◽  
Bárbara Soares da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Right Heart Catheterization ◽  
Heart Catheterization ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Control

We assessed the effects of lodenafil on hemodynamics and inflammation in the rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control; monocrotaline (experimental model); and lodenafil (experimental model followed by lodenafil treatment, p.o., 5 mg/kg daily for 28 days) Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was obtained by right heart catheterization. We investigated right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and IL-1 levels in lung fragments. The number of cases of RVH was significantly higher in the monocrotaline group than in the lodenafil and control groups, as were mPAP and IL-1 levels. We conclude that lodenafil can prevent monocrotaline-induced PH, RVH, and inflammation.

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