An Innovative 3-dimensional Model of the Epitympanum for Teaching of Middle Ear Anatomy

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 832-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chew Lip Ng ◽  
Xuandao Liu ◽  
Shuo Chian Jeremy Chee ◽  
Raymond Yeow Seng Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Middle Ear Anatomy

scholarly journals Supratubal recess and sinus tympani: CT analysis of middle ear hidden areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Waheed El-Anwar ◽  
Diaa Bakry Eldib ◽  
Ashraf Elmalt ◽  
Alaa Omar Khazbak
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Sinus Tympani ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Middle Ear Anatomy ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Ct Classification

Abstract Background High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) magnifies the role of preoperative imaging for detailed middle ear anatomy particularly its hidden area. The purpose of the current study was to assess the sinus tympani (ST) and supratubal recess (STR) by HRCT, to create CT classification of the STR depth, and to study the relationship between ST types and the new STR grades. Results In HRCT of non-pathological temporal bones of 100 subjects (200 ears), measurements of the STR and ST were calculated, registered, and analyzed. The depth of the STR was classified into grade 1 with depth less than 3 mm, grade 2 with depth ranged between 3 and 5 mm, and grade 3 with depth more than 5 mm. The mean STR length, width, and height were 4.17 ± 0.86, 3.55 ± 0.65, and 3.64 ± 0.7 mm, respectively, while the ST mean length and width of were 2.52 ± 0.5 and 1.82 ± 0.78 mm, respectively, without significant differences between either sexes or sided. The ST types were found to be type A in 56 ears (28%), type B in 142 ears (71%), and type C in 2 ears (1%). The STR grading was grade 1 in 12 ears (6%), grade 2 in 160 ears (80%), and grade 3 in 28 ears (14%) without significant relationship between ST types and STR grading (P = 0.3). Conclusion The current study provided reliable and applicable methods of CT assessment of STR and ST that can help to predict the degree of surgical visibility of the ST and STR during ear surgery.

A CAD System for Designers’ Decision Making: An Approach With 2D and 3D Integrated and Hierarchical Assembly Models

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Minami ◽  
T. Ishida ◽  
S. Yamamoto ◽  
K. Tomita ◽  
M. Odamura
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Hierarchical Assembly ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
2D And 3D

Abstract A concept for the initial stage of the mechanical design and its implementation in the computer-aided design (CAD) are presented. The process of decision making in design is: (1) determining an outline of the whole assembly using a 2-dimensional model that is easy to operate; (2) checking the outline using a 3-dimensional model in which it is easy to identify the spatial relationships; (3) determining details of its sub-assemblies or their components using the 2-dimensional model; and (4) checking the details using the 3-dimensional model. The CAD system must provide consistent relationships through all the steps. For that, following functions are implemented in our prototype system: (1) a 2D and 3D integrated model for consistency between 2- and 3-dimensional shapes, (2) a hierarchical assembly model with dimensional constraints for consistency within an assembly and their components, and (3) a check on constraints for consistency between shapes and designers’ intentions. As a result, the system can provide an environment well fitted to the designers’ decision making process.

Assessment of Middle Ear Anatomy Teaching Methodologies Using Microscopy versus Endoscopy: A Randomized Comparative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Anschuetz ◽  
Sören Huwendiek ◽  
Daniel Stricker ◽  
Abraam Yacoub ◽  
Wilhelm Wimmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Teaching Methodologies ◽  
Middle Ear Anatomy ◽  
Anatomy Teaching

A Light Weight Compliant Hand Mechanism With High Degrees of Freedom

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 934-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Potratz ◽  
Jingzhou Yang ◽  
Karim Abdel-Malek ◽  
Esteban Peña Pitarch ◽  
Nicole Grosland
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Wrist Flexor ◽  
Compression Spring ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Control Scheme

This paper presents the design and prototyping of an inherently compliant lightweight hand mechanism. The hand mechanism itself has 15 degrees of freedom and five fingers. Although the degrees of freedom in each finger are coupled, reducing the number of independent degrees of freedom to 5, the 15 degrees of freedom of the hand could potentially be individually actuated. Each joint consists of a novel flexing mechanism that is based on the loading of a compression spring in the axial and transverse direction via a cable and conduit system. Currently, a bench top version of the prototype is being developed; the three joints of each finger are coupled together to simplify the control system. The current control scheme under investigation simulates a control scheme where myoelectric signals in the wrist flexor and extensor muscles are converted in to x and y coordinates on a control scheme chart. Static load-deformation analysis of finger segments is studied based on a 3-dimensional model without taking the stiffener into account, and the experiment validates the simulation.

scholarly journals Complete Bredon cohomology and its applications to hierarchically defined groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
BRITA E. A. NUCINKIS ◽  
NANSEN PETROSYAN
Keyword(s):  
Integral Characteristic ◽  
Linear Groups ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Classifying Space ◽  
Soluble Groups ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Cyclic Groups ◽  
Bredon Cohomology ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
The Family

AbstractBy considering the Bredon analogue of complete cohomology of a group, we show that every group in the class$\cll\clh^{\mathfrak F}{\mathfrak F}$of type Bredon-FP∞admits a finite dimensional model for$E_{\frak F}G$.We also show that abelian-by-infinite cyclic groups admit a 3-dimensional model for the classifying space for the family of virtually nilpotent subgroups. This allows us to prove that for$\mathfrak {F}$, the class of virtually cyclic groups, the class of$\cll\clh^{\mathfrak F}{\mathfrak F}$-groups contains all locally virtually soluble groups and all linear groups over${\mathbb{C}}$of integral characteristic.

scholarly journals Fatigue Analysis of Aluminum Alloy Wheel Under Radial Load

2012 ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
N. Satyanarayana ◽  
Ch. Sambaiah
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Fatigue Analysis ◽  
Radial Load ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Total Deformation ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Alloy Wheel ◽  
D Model

In this paper a detailed “Fatigue Analysis of Aluminum Alloy Wheel under Radial Load”. During the part of project a static and fatigue analysis of aluminum alloy wheel A356.2 was carried out using FEA package. The 3 dimensional model of the wheel was designed using CATIA. Then the 3-D model was imported into ANSYS using the IGES format. The finite element idealization of this modal was then produced using the 10 node tetrahedron solid element. The analysis was performed in a static condition. This is constrained in all degree of freedom at the PCD and hub portion. The pressure is applied on the rim. We find out the total deformation, alternative stress and shear stress by using FEA software. And also we find out the life, safety factor and damage of alloy wheel by using S-N curve. S-N curve is input for a A.356.2 material.

A 3-Dimensional Model of the Human Round Window Membrane

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 103S-110S
Author(s):  
Yasuya Nomura ◽  
Toru Tanaka ◽  
Hitome Kobayashi ◽  
Yurika Kimura ◽  
Yurie Soejima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Round Window Membrane ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
3 Dimensional

Objectives: The round window membrane (RWM) is small in size, making it difficult to clarify its shape and structure. The authors examined a 40x magnified 3-dimensional model of the human RWM to clarify its morphologic aspects and characteristics. Methods: An RWM specimen was obtained from an archival, formalin-fixed, decalcified, left temporal bone of an 84-year-old female cadaver. The data obtained by laser scanning microscopy were input into a 3-dimensional printer. After a model of the RWM was created, the following features were examined: striae on the surfaces, curvatures, thickness, and areas. Cross sections of the original specimen were made for histological observations. Results: The contour of this RWM model was approximately elliptic, with a saddle shape. When illuminated from the scala tympani side, the surface facing the fossula exhibited dark anterior and clear posterior portions. A borderline appeared where the 2 portions were bound along the short axis of the ellipse. This borderline was identified as the line of inflection. Collagen fibers were shown to run parallel to the borderline in the posterior portion but were fanned out in the anterior portion. Conclusions: The magnified 3-dimensional model clarified gross anatomy and characteristics of the RWM. It is good teaching material for small tissues, such as the RWM.

scholarly journals Teaching Videos of Endoscopic Middle Ear Anatomy: A Free Educational Resource

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (S3) ◽  
pp. S148-S149
Author(s):  
Alexander Saxby ◽  
Jonathan Kong ◽  
Nirmal Patel ◽  
Nicholas Jufas
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Educational Resource ◽  
Middle Ear Anatomy
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