Bacterial Biofilm in Salivary Gland Stones

Objective: The sialendoscopy era in the treatment of salivary gland stones has reduced the use of classical surgical methods. However, the miniature ducts and tools may cause difficulties in removing large sialoliths. Therefore, invasive combined oral surgeries or gland resection may be considered. We searched for the most suitable method in order to stay in line with the minimally invasive approach that preserves the ductus anatomy, and that can reduce the surgical fears of patients. Materials and Methods: The study included 84 cases (23 parotid and 61 submandibular) in whom stones were fragmented by pneumatic lithotripsy and removed between January 2015 and January 2020. The parotid cases comprised 7 females and 16 males, and the submandibular cases comprised 25 females and 36 males. Intraductal lithotripsy was performed using pneumatic lithotripter. This study has fourth level of evidence. Results: Based on total number of cases (n = 84), success rate was 67/84 (79.7%) immediately after sialendoscopy, and overall success rate was 77/84 (91.6%). Based on number of stones treated (n = 111), our immediate success rate was 94/111 (84.6%), and overall success rate was 104/111 (93.7%). The success criteria were complete removal of the stone and fragments in a single sialendoscopy procedure and resolution of symptoms. Conclusions: We successfully treated salivary gland stones, including L3b stones, in our patient cohort with sialendoscopy combined with pneumatic lithotripsy. The lithotripsy method that we have adapted seems to be more useful and cost-effective compared to its alternatives. We were also able to preserve the ductus anatomy and relieve patients’ concerns. Level of Evidence: Level IV

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Salivary gland stones – evaluation and treatment

Therapeutische Umschau ◽

10.1024/0040-5930.60.2.119 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 119-122

Author(s):

Reimers

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Salivary Gland Stones

Die Ätiologie der Sialolithiasis als eines der häufigsten Speicheldrüsenleiden ist immer noch unklar. Bei anamnestisch verdächtigen Beschwerden kann die Diagnose häufig bereits klinisch gestellt werden, bedarf aber vor therapeutischen Maßnahmen meist einer bildgebenden Diagnostik mittels Sonographie oder MR-Sialographie. Die konventionelle Sialographie wird von uns nicht mehr verwendet. In der Therapie der symptomatischen Speichelsteine haben sich in den letzten Jahren neben den chirurgischen Maßnahmen zunehmend auch konservative Therapieverfahren wie etwa die extrakorporelle Speichelsteinlithotripsie oder die interventionelle Sialendoskopie bewährt.

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Extracorporeal Electromagnetic Shock-Wave Lithotripsy for Salivary Gland Stones

The Laryngoscope ◽

10.1097/00005537-199606000-00018 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 106 (6) ◽

pp. 761-764 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Francesco Ottaviani ◽

Pasquale Capaccio ◽

Michela Campi ◽

Antonio Ottaviani

Keyword(s):

Shock Wave ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Shock Wave Lithotripsy ◽

Electromagnetic Shock ◽

Electromagnetic Shock Wave ◽

Salivary Gland Stones

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Efficacy, Risks, and Limits of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Salivary Gland Stones

Journal of Endourology ◽

10.1089/end.1994.8.21 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 21-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

WOLFGANG KATER ◽

W.W. MEYER ◽

T. WEHRMANN ◽

A. HURST ◽

P. BUHNE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shock Wave ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy ◽

Shock Wave Lithotripsy ◽

Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽

Salivary Gland Stones

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Evaluation of the Relation of Smoking, Gallstones, and Renal Stones With Sialolithiasis in Patients Referred to Oral Medicine and ENT Department of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

Avicenna Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.34172/ajdr.2021.24 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 124-129

Author(s):

Farzaneh Pakdel ◽

Rana Attaran ◽

Sevda Movafagh ◽

Zahra Aghazadeh

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Renal Stones ◽

Smoking History ◽

Control Group ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Oral Medicine ◽

Chi Squared ◽

History Of ◽

Salivary Gland Stones

Background: The exact mechanism of the formation of salivary gland stones is unknown. Elucidating pathophysiology of the formation of salivary stones might prevent both their formation and the need for implementing invasive surgical procedures. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects exerted by some etiological factors on the formation of salivary gland stones. Methods: In this case–control study, the records of 80 patients with sialolithiasis were studied as a census from April 2011 to June 2019. These patients were referred to the Oral Medicine and the ENT departments of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The control group consisted of the same number of the patients with no sialolithiasis. Two groups were compared in terms of stone size, smoking, gallstones, and renal stones. Chi-squared, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were adopted to examine the quantitative variables. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: Overall, 96.2% of sialoliths were found in the submandibular gland, of which 78.8% were single. Moreover, 32.5% of the patients with a history of sialolithiasis were smokers, whereas this frequency was 23.8% in the control group. In the case and control groups, 2.5% and 5% of the patients had a history of renal stones, respectively. Only one patient who had undergone a surgical procedure to remove salivary gland stones had a history of gallstones, while none of the patients in the control group had a history of gallstones. Conclusions: The results showed that the formation of salivary gland stones was not associated with smoking, history of renal stones, and gallstones. Furthermore, it was found that the numbers and sizes of salivary stones were not affected by smoking.

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Clinical Evaluation of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Salivary Stones

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348949610500111 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 63-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Tomokazu Yoshizaki ◽

Yumjxo Maruyama ◽

Rinichiro Wakasa ◽

Isamu Motoi ◽

Mitsuru Furukawa

Keyword(s):

Shock Wave ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Parotid Gland ◽

Submandibular Gland ◽

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy ◽

Shock Wave Lithotripsy ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Submandibular Duct ◽

Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽

Salivary Gland Stones

The treatment of sialolithiasis is discussed in this report. Generally, stones within the distal salivary duct are easily removed by transoral ductotomy, although proximal stones are usually treated by excision of the salivary gland and its duct. Since 1980, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been in clinical use for the treatment of renal and gallbladder stones. We used this technique as a treatment for sialolithiasis. We undertook ESWL on 14 submandibular gland stone patients, 1 parotid gland stone patient, and 3 submandibular duct stone patients. In 10 of 14 submandibular gland stone patients and 1 parotid gland stone patient, clinical symptoms such as pain and swelling disappeared without excision of the affected salivary gland. Stones larger than 10 mm seem to have a tendency to form Steinstrassen. Although computed tomography findings correlate with success in breaking up gallstones, they did not predict success for salivary stones. We conclude that sialolithiasis is treated successfully without adverse effects by ESWL in selected patients.

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Extracorporeal and Intracorporeal Lithotripsy of Salivary Gland Stones: Basic Investigations

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America ◽

10.1016/j.otc.2009.08.005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 1115-1137 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Johannes Zenk ◽

Michael Koch ◽

Heinrich Iro

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Intracorporeal Lithotripsy ◽

Salivary Gland Stones

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Sialoendoscopy and combined approach for the management of salivary gland stones

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology ◽

10.1007/s00405-012-2145-x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 270 (1) ◽

pp. 219-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Tomasz Kopeć ◽

Witold Szyfter ◽

Małgorzata Wierzbicka

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Combined Approach ◽

Salivary Gland Stones

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Study on Chemical Composition of Urinary and Salivary Gland Stones in Relationship with Laboratory Parameters and Lifestyle Habits of Patients with Lithiasis

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.4.5529 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 680-682

Author(s):

Eniko Nemes Nagy ◽

Mariana Cornelia Tilinca ◽

Alina Iacob ◽

Alina Ormenisan ◽

Zita Fazakas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Microscopical Examination ◽

Lifestyle Habits ◽

Complex Investigation ◽

Salivary Gland Stones

Lithiasis is a disease with increasing incidence, may occur in the urinary tract, salivary glands and bile ducts. Genetic susceptibility, diet, low fluid intake, endocrine disorders, infections and other factors can influence the development of the disease and its recurrences. The aim of the study was to reveal the relationship between chemical composition of the stones, lifestyle and dietary habits and the results of laboratory analysis in patients with urinary tract and salivary gland lithiasis. The data of 258 patients with urinary tract and salivary gland lithiasis collected between September 2009 � May 2016 were studied. The subjects were from the Urology and Oral Surgery Hospital, and from the Marmed and Procardia medical units in Tirgu Mures. We evaluated the lifestyle habits using a questionnaire, microscopical examination, size measurement and chemical analysis of the stones were made and we processed the results of urinary strip analysis and sediment. In a subgroup of patients (48 samples) calciuria, phosphaturia, serum uric acid, calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and parathormone (PTH) levels were determined; in case of pathological values calcitonin measurement and endocrinology consultation were performed. The most frequent composition was the combination of calcium oxalate and phosphate in case of both urinary and salivary gland stones, in several uroliths we detected uric acid/xanthine crystals, rarely cystine and carbonate were found. The incidence of hematuria and leukocyturia exceeded 70%. Excessive calcium intake was observed in the diet of the several patients having calcium oxalate stones. In the subgroup tested for biochemical and hormonal analyses we found increased serum PTH concentration in 20.83% of the patients. Some of the subjects had pathological serum calcium, uric acid and alkaline phosphatase results, or the elimination of minerals in the urine was out of the normal range. We found pathological laboratory results in several patients suffering from lithiasis. Proper diet and medical treatment in many cases could prevent the recurrences of stone formation, but first a complex investigation of the patients is necessary to adapt the treatment plan to individual requirements.

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