The Iron Henry: How One Sword Swallower Advanced Modern Medicine

2020 ◽  
pp. 019459982097616
Author(s):  
Barry D. Long ◽  
Harold S. Pine
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Working Relationship ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Historical Practices ◽  
Insight Into

Sword swallowing is an ancient skill that was developed by the fakirs of India and slowly permeated the globe leading up to the late 19th century. Its rise as a popular circus act in Europe coincided with the surge of inventive young minds in the medical community. This crossroad brought about a working relationship between Dr Adolf Kussmaul and a sword swallower named the “Iron Henry.” Together, they developed a scope that could be passed through the esophagus for evaluation of disease states from the upper aerodigestive tract all the way to the antrum of the stomach. The unique abilities refined by years of sword swallowing were vital in the work to develop and perform the first successful esophagoscopy and then disseminate the technology. This story should not be forgotten and can give insight into how historical practices and modern invention can come together to great effect.

scholarly journals The history of neurosurgery and its relation to the development and refinement of the frontotemporal craniotomy

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. E12 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ryan Ormond ◽  
Costas G. Hadjipanayis
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
History Of Neurosurgery ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cerebral Localization ◽  
Great Odds ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

The history of neurosurgery is filled with descriptions of brave surgeons performing surgery against great odds in an attempt to improve outcomes in their patients. In the distant past, most neurosurgical procedures were limited to trephination, and this was sometimes performed for unclear reasons. Beginning in the Renaissance and accelerating through the middle and late 19th century, a greater understanding of cerebral localization, antisepsis, anesthesia, and hemostasis led to an era of great expansion in neurosurgical approaches and techniques. During this process, frontotemporal approaches were also developed and refined over time. Progress often depended on the technical advances of scientists coupled with the innovative ideas and courage of pioneering surgeons. A better understanding of this history provides insight into where we originated as a specialty and in what directions we may go in the future. This review considers the historical events enabling the development of neurosurgery as a specialty, and how this relates to the development of frontotemporal approaches.

scholarly journals Safety Recommendations for Evaluation and Surgery of the Head and Neck during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Givi ◽  
Bradley A. Schiff ◽  
Steven B. Chinn ◽  
Daniel Clayburgh ◽  
N. Gopalkrishna Iyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Levels Of Care ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Safety Recommendations

Importance: The rapidly expanding 2019 novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus) has challenged the medical community to an unprecedented degree. Physicians and healthcare workers are at added risk of exposure and infection during the course of the patient care. Due to the rapid spread of this disease through respiratory droplets, healthcare providers such as otolaryngologists-head & neck surgeons who come in close contact with the upper aerodigestive tract during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are particularly at risk. Here we present a set of safety recommendations based on our review of literature and communications with physicians with first-hand knowledge of safety procedures during the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic.Observations: A high number of healthcare providers were infected during the first phase of the pandemic in Wuhan province. Subsequently, by adopting strict safety precautions, other regions were able to achieve high levels of safety for healthcare providers without jeopardizing the care of patients. We reviewed the most common procedures related to the examination and treatment of upper aerodigestive tract diseases. Each category was reviewed based on the potential risk imposed to healthcare workers. Specific recommendations were made, based on the literature, when available, or consensus best practices. Specific safety recommendations were made for performing tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients. Conclusions and Relevance: Preserving highly skilled healthcare work force is a top priority for any community and healthcare system. Based on the experience of healthcare systems in Asia and Europe, by following strict safety guidelines, the risk of exposure and infection of healthcare providers could be significantly reduced, while providing high levels of care. The provided recommendations could be used as broad guidance for all healthcare workers who are involved with the care of COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Current music and dance practice of central Kosovo and Metohija: Transformations since the 1990s

New Sound ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Mirjana Zakić ◽  
Sanja Ranković
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Contemporary Music ◽  
Field Trip ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Political ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Main Motive ◽  
Insight Into

Ethnomusicological and ethnochoreological research of the central part of Kosovo and Metohija has been conducted since the late 19th century up to the present. However, the gathered data are sparse and provide insufficient (and only partial) information regarding the music and dance tradition of this area. This fact was the main motive for arranging our own field trip to the region, during 2015 and 2016. The recorded material and numerous informants' narratives provided an important insight into the state of both previous and contemporary music and dance practice, enabling one to examine the transformations regarding music and dance that have taken place since the 1990s from several viewpoints: national and multinational, professional and amateur, local and regional. The causes of the changes that have occurred over the course of the last few decades, will be discussed in this paper through the political, ideological, sociological, and cultural prism. Thus, our attention will focus particularly on the national ensembles Shota (Pristina) and Venac (Gračanica), as well as on the local repertoire of different ethnic groups - Serbian, Albanian, Romani and Croatian, in former and contemporary conditions. An especially intriguing question is to what extent, and in what ways did geopolitical restructuring and cultural evaluations in the post-socialist period influence the sustainability, i.e. the change in music and dance forms, as important aspects of the self-representation of the ethnicities that exist in this region?

scholarly journals Tit-Bits, New Journalism, and early Sherlock Holmes fandom

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann McClellan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
New Journalism ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Early Publication ◽  
Fictional World ◽  
Transmedia Storytelling ◽  
Unique Identity ◽  
Insight Into

The Strand's more popular sister magazine, Tit-Bits, played a significant role in establishing Sherlock Holmes as a literary and cultural icon, particularly through its use of participatory practices, cross-promotion, and transmedia storytelling. I argue that Tit-Bits' late 19th-century New Journalism techniques like contests and prizes, inquiry columns, correspondence, and internal advertising fostered a corporately devised participatory fandom that directly contributed to Sherlock Holmes's popularity. Tit-Bits audiences were invited and encouraged to imagine new scenarios for their favorite character that were validated through publication. Such practices not only created a unique identity for Sherlock Holmes fandom but also directly contributed to the creation and maintenance of Holmes's fictional world. With fandom studies reaching more and more audiences—both academic and popular—historicizing early fan practices like the early publication and reception of the Sherlock Holmes stories provides important insight into how audiences have historically responded to, and interacted with, fictional characters, and how they helped sustain and expand those characters' fictional worlds.

Homoeopathic prescribing in the late 19th century

1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (04) ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
Bernard Leary
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Relative Efficacy ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryThe discovery of the records of the London Homoeopathic Hospital dating from 1889 to 1923 has given the opportunity to study prescribing methods in the pre- and post-Kentian periods. In particular, it has given a detailed insight into late 19th century ideas which has not been available before. A pilot study has demonstrated the common remedies employed and their potencies. Further research is needed to determine, if possible, the reasons for selection of remedies and the relative efficacy of the 2 contrasting systems of prescription.

Carcinogenesis in the Upper Aerodigestive Tract

1980 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Vaughan ◽  
Freddy Homburger ◽  
Stanley M. Shapshay ◽  
Enrique Soto ◽  
Peter Bernfeld
Keyword(s):  
Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract
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