Histopathology of the Incudomalleolar Joint in Cases of “Indeterminate” Presbycusis

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982199381
Author(s):  
Prithwijit Roychowdhury ◽  
Melissa Castillo-Bustamante ◽  
Marc Polanik ◽  
Elliott D. Kozin ◽  
Aaron K. Remenschneider
Keyword(s):  
Joint Space ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mixed Features ◽  
Histopathologic Analysis ◽  
Sensory Neural ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear Dysfunction ◽  
Age Related Changes

Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) is a prevalent condition attributed primarily to inner ear dysfunction. Little is known about age-related changes in the ossicular joints or their contribution to presbycusis. Herein, we performed a histopathologic analysis of the incudomalleolar joint (IMJ) in specimens from the National Temporal Bone Registry with audiometrically confirmed presbycusis but without histologically observed sensory, neural, strial, or mixed features. Seventeen “indeterminate” presbycusis (IP) ears and 13 young, normal-hearing ears were examined. The age was 73.2 ± 9.5 years for the IP group and 32.1 ± 9.5 for the young group ( P < .05). The joint space between the 2 ossicles was 23% wider in the IP group (139 ± 26.2 µm) compared to young ears (113 ± 49.0 µm) ( P = .02). We report that IP ears have a wider IMJ than young ears. These findings have implications for understanding the etiology of presbycusis in indeterminate cases. Level of Evidence: Retrospective study.

scholarly journals Blood Transcriptome Analysis reveals Age-associated changes in Expression Profile of Immune-Related Gene in Golden snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Huanhuan ◽  
Deng Jiabo ◽  
Wu Linfeng ◽  
Li Xuedan ◽  
Niu Lili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Blood Transcriptome ◽  
Age Related Changes ◽  
Differential Genes

Abstract Background: Golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) are endangered species of monkeys found in China. In this study, we provided the blood transcriptome sequences of golden snub-nosed monkeys obtained using RNA-Seq technology. The genomic annotation of these monkeys was useful to identify the polymorphisms and subpopulations, in order to understand age-related changes of immune system. This data may provide a valuable resource for further genetic and genomic research of golden snub-nosed monkeys.Results: 57.31 Gb high-quality sequencing data were obtained. The clean data of each sample were >5 Gb, and 86.17% to 94.48% of the reads of each sample could be compared to reference genome of snub-nosed monkey. After assembly, we obtained 24,992 genes, including 3,917 new genes. Many genes were up-regulated or down-regulated with age. Compared to the young group, there were 76 differential genes in adult group of R. r. roxellana, including 68 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated genes. While, compared with the adult group, there were 58 differential genes, including 25 up-regulated genes and 23 down-regulated genes in the old group of R. r. roxellana. In R. r. qinlingensis, compared with the young group, 117 differential genes were obtained, including 34 up-regulated and 83 down-regulated genes. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the up-regulated genes were mainly related to innate immune response and T-cell activity, while the down-regulated genes were mainly involved in B-cell activity, suggesting that immune competence of adult group increased gradually compared to young group. However, the adaptive immune function declined gradually in the old group.Conclusions: Our findings can contribute to understanding of molecular mechanisms of age-related changes of immune system, which will provide a foundation for future studies of snub-nosed monkey.

Aging Processes in the Subcortical Auditory System

2018 ◽  
pp. 638-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Caspary ◽  
Daniel A. Llano
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Superior Olivary Complex ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Medial Geniculate ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Related Changes

As arguably the third most common malady of industrialized populations, age-related hearing loss is associated with social isolation and depression in a subset of the population that will approach 25% by 2050. Development of behavioral or pharmacotherapeutic approaches to prevent or delay the onset of age-related hearing loss and mitigate the impact of hearing loss of speech understanding requires a better understanding of age-related changes that occur in the central auditory processor. This chapter critically reviews and discusses changes that occur in the auditory brainstem and thalamus with increased age. It briefly discusses age-related cellular changes that occur de novo within the central auditory system versus deafferentation plasticity and animal models of aging. Subsections discuss the cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, inferior colliculus, and the medial geniculate body with an emphasis on age-related changes in neurotransmission and how these changes could underpin the observed loss of precise temporal processing with increased age.

scholarly journals Conductive Hearing Loss with Age—A Histologic and Audiometric Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2341
Author(s):  
Ivo Dobrev ◽  
Daniel Dillinger ◽  
Letizia Meier ◽  
Dorothe Veraguth ◽  
Flurin Pfiffner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Conductive Hearing Loss ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Interindividual Variations ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Average Change ◽  
Conductive Hearing ◽  
Age Related Changes

A retrospective analysis to quantify age-related changes of the incudo-malleolar joint (IMJ) and incudo-stapedial joint (ISJ), and to analyse changes in the air-bone gap (ABG) with age, was performed. Defined histologic parameters of 153 IMJ and 106 ISJ from subjects aged from birth to 70 years were correlated to age. Additionally, audiograms of 1760 ears of 974 other subjects aged 20 to 80 years were retrospectively analysed and the ABG was correlated to age. The joint space (age group from 0 to 10 compared to 61 to 70 years) became significantly wider with age (IMJ: from a mean of 44 µm to 100 µm, p < 0.001; ISJ: from a mean of 28 µm to 69 µm, p < 0.009. The thickness of cartilage of the incus decreased in the first 20 years of life (IMJ, from a mean of 88 µm to 65 µm, p < 0.01; ISJ: from a mean of 44 µm to 35 µm, p < 0.01). The ABGs of younger ears (20–40 years) was significantly larger at 500 Hz compared to older ears (60–80 years) by 2–4 dB, while it was significantly smaller by 3–5 dB at 4000 Hz (p < 0.0017). Interindividual variations in all age groups were large for both analyses. The increased joint spaces could potentially reduce the stiffness in the joints and explain the increase in ABG at 4000 Hz and the drop at 500 Hz. While the average change is small and of minimal clinical relevance, a larger increase of ABG with age is seen in some subjects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects of Chronic Injection of D-Galactose on Auditory Brainstem Responses as a Model for Studying Age-Related Hearing Loss

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Tavanai ◽  
Ghassem Mohammadkhani
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Tone Burst ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

The D-galactose induced mimetic aging rat model has been widely used in studies of age-associated diseases recently. Evidence indicates that D-GAL could also play a key role in age-related hearing loss. However, there is conflicting data about the relationship between the D-GAL injection and tone-burst auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). The present study aimed to compare ABRs in D-GAL injected rats compared with young and naturally aged rats. Tone-burst ABR was recorded and analyzed at the frequencies of 4,6,8,12 and 16 kHz in male young (3-month-old, n=10), naturally aging (18-month-old, n=10) and D-GAL injected (3-month-old, 500 mg/kg D-GAL injection for 8 weeks, n=10) Wistar rats. When the ABRs thresholds obtained in the D-GAL group and the natural aging group were compared with the thresholds in the young group, we observed a significant increase in thresholds, which affected all of the frequencies (P<0.05). A statistically significant decrease in amplitude of wave PI at 4 and 8 kHz, PII at 4,8 kHz, PIV at 4,6,8,12 and 16 kHz was also observed in naturally aging group compared with young group. However, in D-GAL group, a significant difference was exclusively detected in amplitude of PIII at 4 kHz. Latency did not reveal any significant difference between the groups (P>0.05). The present study confirmed that experimental injection of 500 mg/kg/day D-GAL for 8 weeks to Wistar rats could lead to ABRs threshold shifts but not latency. Because there are several types of presbycusis, further studies are needed to determine what type of presbycusis is induced by D-GAL and where is the first region affected by it to provide the best treatment and prevention methods. © 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. Acta Med Iran 2019;57(5):281-288.

scholarly journals AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN THE MUSCLE SECRETOME

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S101-S101
Author(s):  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Susan Weintraub ◽  
Nicolas Musi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Young Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Secretion Profile ◽  
And Function ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Body Support ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract Skeletal muscle is one of the most abundant tissues in the body. In addition to its key roles in body support, movement and metabolic homeostasis, muscle also functions as an endocrine/secretory organ producing and releasing proteins into the circulation that modulate distant tissues (i.e. myokines). Considering that muscle mass and function changes with advancing age, here we tested the hypothesis that aging alters the muscle secretome profile. After euthanasia, soleus muscles from sedentary young and old mice were dissected, and incubated in oxygenated KRB buffer for 2 h. The buffer was subjected to in-gel trypsin-digestion and peptides analyzed by mass spectrometry. The concentration of 36 proteins were significantly (P&lt;0.05) elevated in the young vs. the old group. In contrast, only 7 proteins were significantly elevated in the old group. Some notable differences include those in HSPA1B and HSPA5 that were detected only in the young group. HSPA8 also was significantly elevated by 1.8-fold (P&lt;0.05) in the young versus the old group. Another prominent difference between groups involved translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), a critical regulator of apoptosis/carcinogenesis, that was elevated by 7-fold in the young vs. the old group (P&lt;0.05). These results indicate that aging alters the muscle secretion profile. Identified differences in the muscle secretome could reflect intrinsic changes in muscle cells with age. Because these myokines are released into the circulation, it is also possible that myokine secretion is a regulated cellular process by which muscle communicates and modulates the aging process in distant tissues.

scholarly journals Age-related changes of auditory brainstem responses in nonhuman primates

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Wing Ng ◽  
Xochi Navarro ◽  
James R. Engle ◽  
Gregg H. Recanzone
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss ◽  
Age Related Changes

Nonhuman primates, compared with humans and rodents, have historically been far less used for studies of age-related hearing loss, primarily because of their long life span and high cost of maintenance. Strong similarities in genetics, anatomy, and neurophysiology of the auditory nervous system between humans and monkeys, however, could provide fruitful opportunities to enhance our understanding of hearing loss. The present study used a common, noninvasive technique for testing hearing sensitivity in humans, the auditory brainstem response (ABR), to assess the hearing of 48 rhesus macaques from 6 to 35 yr of age to clicks and tone stimuli between 0.5 and 16.0 kHz. Old monkeys, particularly those above 21.5 yr of age, had missing ABR waveforms at high frequencies. Regression analyses revealed that ABR threshold increased as a function of age at peaks II and IV simultaneously. In the suprathreshold hearing condition (70 dB peak sound pressure level), ABR-based audiograms similarly varied as a function of age such that old monkeys had smaller peak amplitudes and delayed latencies at low, middle, and high frequencies. Peripheral hearing differences remained a major influence associated with age-related changes in audiometric functions of old monkeys at a comparable sensation level across animals. The present findings suggest that hearing loss occurs in old monkeys across a wide range of frequencies and that these deficits increase in severity with age. Parallel to prior studies in monkeys, we found weak effects of sex on hearing, and future investigations are necessary to clarify its role in age-related hearing loss.

Age-related changes of the 3′APOB-VNTR genotype pool in ageing cohorts

1998 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. De BENEDICTIS ◽  
L. CAROTENUTO ◽  
G. CARRIERI ◽  
M. De LUCA ◽  
E. FALCONE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes
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