The Development of Facial Muscles and Nerves in Relation to the Möbius Syndrome

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce M. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Facial Muscles ◽  
Möbius Syndrome ◽  
Pathologic Findings ◽  
Facial Nerves ◽  
Motor Nerves

This paper discusses descriptive and experimental embryologic material that may be of relevance in understanding the pathologic findings of, and attempting treatment of, congenital facial paralysis. The embryology of the human facial nerves and muscles is described. In experimental animals muscles undergo early stages of morphogenesis and differentiation in the absence of nerves and then undergo gradual atrophy. In the absence of muscle fibers, the bulk of embryonic motor nerves that would normally innervate the muscle die.

scholarly journals Human facial muscles: Dimensions, motor endplate distribution, and presence of muscle fibers with multiple motor endplates

1997 ◽  
Vol 249 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Happak ◽  
Ji Liu ◽  
Georg Burggasser ◽  
Amanda Flowers ◽  
Helmut Gruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Motor Endplate ◽  
Motor Endplates ◽  
Facial Muscles

Outcomes of Microneurovascular Facial Reanimation Using Masseteric Innervation in Patients With Long-Standing Facial Palsy Resulting From Cured Brainstem Lesions

Neurosurgery ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik G. Krishnan ◽  
Gabriele Schackert ◽  
Volker Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Muscle Flaps ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Möbius Syndrome ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Facial Nerves ◽  
Facial Reanimation ◽  
Masseteric Nerve ◽  
Natural Emotion ◽  
The Individual

Abstract BACKGROUND The functions of the human face are not only of esthetic significance but also extend into metaphoric nuances of psychology. The loss of function of one or both facial nerves has a remarkable impact on patients' lives. OBJECTIVE To retrospectively analyze the functional outcomes of microneurovascular facial reanimation using masseteric innervation. METHODS Seventeen patients with irreparable facial paralysis resulting from benign lesions involving the facial nuclei (n = 14) or Möbius syndrome (n = 3) were treated with free muscle flaps for oral commissural reanimation using ipsilateral masseteric innervation and using temporalis muscle transfer for eyelid reanimation. Results were analyzed by the absolute commissural excursion and commissural excursion index and by a patient self-evaluation score. Presence of synkinesis was documented. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 48 months (mean, 26.4 months). RESULTS Normalization of the commissural excursion index was observed in 8 of 17 patients (47%), an improvement was seen in 7 of 17 (41%), and failure was observed in 2 of 17 (12%). The individual dynamics of absolute commissural excursion and commissural excursion index changes are presented. A natural smiling response was observed in 10 of 17 patients (59%) but not in the remaining 7 (41%). This response reflected the patient's ability to relay the natural emotion of smiling through the masseteric nerve. Patients' self-evaluation scores were a level higher than objective indices. CONCLUSIONS Innervation of free muscle flaps with the masseteric nerve for oral commissure reanimation might play an important role in patients with lesions of the facial nuclei (as in Möbius syndrome). Synkinesis persists for long periods after surgery. However, most of the patients learned to express their emotions by overcoming this phenomenon. Despite hypercorrection or inadequate correction, patients evaluated themselves favorably.

Muscle Fibers in Regenerating Crayfish Motor Nerves

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 3498-3501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Pearce ◽  
Kristin M. Krause ◽  
C. K. Govind
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Axon Regeneration ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Motor Axons ◽  
The Third ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Regenerating Nerve

Pearce, Joanne, Kristin M. Krause, and C. K. Govind. Muscle fibers in regenerating crayfish motor nerves. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 3498–3501, 1997. Single discrete muscle fibers were found in regenerating motor nerves in adult crayfish. The regenerating nerves were from native or transplanted ganglia in the third abdominal segments and consisted of several motor axons. The proximal end of these motor axons showed numerous sprouts. Muscle fibers in these regenerating nerves appeared newly developed and were innervated by excitatory nerve terminals. A likely source of these novel muscle fibers may be blood cells in the nerve or satellite cells from neighboring muscle. Contacts made by axon sprouts with other axon sprouts, glia, and muscle fiber, in the form of a dense bar with clustered clear vesicles, characterized the regenerating nerve. These contacts may provide a possible signaling pathway for axon regeneration and myogenesis.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Evaluation of Navan Nasya in Ardit W.S.R. to Facial Paralysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 284-287
Author(s):  
Neeraj Kanungo ◽  
Vijayata Kanungo
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Facial Palsy ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Facial Muscles ◽  
Therapeutic Evaluation ◽  
Permanent Loss

Ayurveda is sciences of medicine and health practicing anciently and it possessing effective methods for the treatment of various diseases. Ayurveda not only offer approaches for the management of curable diseases but also encompasses knowledge of incurable diseases. Panchakarma is one of the therapies of ayurveda which purify body and cleans all shrotas even at cellular level. Panchakarma therapy involves many sub therapies such as; Navannasya which is very useful in the management of various diseases such as; facial paralysis which involves weakness of facial muscles resulting from temporary or permanent loss of facial nerve. The study was planned to measure efficacy of navannasya in the treatment of Arditroga and it was found that navannasya gives good results in Ardit or facial paralysis. Some patient of cured effectively after the treatment with Navannasya. Keywords: Ayurveda, Ardit, Facial Palsy, Panchakarma, Navannasya.

scholarly journals Combined Mobius Syndrome and Tarsal Kink Syndrome- A Unique Presentation.

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Anuradha Raj ◽  
Prof. R. C. Nagpal ◽  
Prof. Renu Dhasmana ◽  
Dr. Amit Maitreya
Keyword(s):  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Congenital Malformation ◽  
Neurological Disorder ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Tarsal Plate ◽  
Möbius Syndrome ◽  
Upper Lid

We describe the management of the congenital entropion with tarsal kink in a case of mobius syndrome. Mobius syndrome is extremely rare  congenital neurological disorder results from the underdevelopment of the sixth and seventh cranial nerves which causes  facial paralysis and inability to move the eyes from side to side.  A congenital malformation of the tarsus known as tarsal kink was the associated eyelid anomaly which caused upperlid entropion. A  two year old  girl presented with  both  eyelids entropion of left eye which was corrected by upper lid tarsotomy, marginal rotation and levator  suturing with tarsal plate and lower lid retractors were strengthened by their advancement to the tarsal plate.

Facial Nerve Paralysis with Benign Parotid Masses

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 644-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard L. DeLozier ◽  
Martin J. Spinella ◽  
Glenn D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Facial Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Local Inflammation ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Seventh Nerve ◽  
Rapid Enlargement ◽  
Pathologic Findings ◽  
Physical Findings

Facial paralysis in the presence of a parotid mass has been associated classically with a presumed diagnosis of malignancy. However, isolated case reports have documented the occurrence of paresis or paralysis secondary to pathologically benign, nonneurogenic parotid lesions. These previous cases have been reviewed and three additional cases are described. Comparisons are made on age, sex, symptoms, physical findings, pathologic findings, and prognosis. Involvement of the seventh nerve may be explained on the basis of compression, especially in association with local inflammation. Although facial paralysis still should be considered indicative of a malignancy, it also may be caused by benign masses, particularly those associated with rapid enlargement and/or infection.

FACIAL PARALYSIS IN POLIOMYELITIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-880
Author(s):  
S. T. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Facial Palsy ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Unaffected Side ◽  
Facial Muscles ◽  
Main Effects

Fifty-eight children showing facial palsy during the acute phase of poliomyelitis were re-examined from 23 to 43 months after the onset. Twenty-six children showed complete recovery, but appreciable residual weakness was noted in 21 patients. Complaints referable to the eye and a tendency to chew on the unaffected side were the main effects of the deformity, but some children began to react emotionally to their disfigurement at about 4 years of age. Unfavorable prognostic signs included the presence of bulbar lesions, involvement of the upper facial muscles, especially the frontalis, and failure to improve after about 18 months. Physiotherapy appeared to have no definite value in this condition.

Interaction between foreign and original nerves innervating gill muscles in fish

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Frank ◽  
J. K. Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Intracellular Recordings ◽  
Individual Muscle ◽  
Motor Nerves

Foreign somatic motor nerves were made to innervate denervated gill muscles of the perch. The foreign innervation remained functional after reinnervation by the original nerve. Intracellular recordings showed that individual muscle fibers could be activated by both foreign and original neurons. Extensive foreign innervation appeared to inhibit the ability of the original nerve to reinnervate its own muscle. These studies provide evidence for a functional coexistence of appropriate and inappropriate innervation and show that foreign synapses need not be repressed by the "correct" nerve.

Role of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in the Pathogenesis of Facial Paralysis in Mice

1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Murakami ◽  
Naohito Hato ◽  
Takashi Doi ◽  
Mutsuhiko Mizobuchi ◽  
Naoaki Yanagihara
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Model Following ◽  
Facial Nerves ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Neutralization Antibody Titer

To clarify the role and site of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in the pathogenesis of facial paralysis, we examined the viral genome by the polymerase chain reaction and the neutralization antibody titer using microplates in an animal model. Following inoculation with HSV type 1 of the KOS strain into mouse auricles, HSV DNA appeared in the ipsilateral facial nerve on the 3rd day, and in bilateral facial nerves and the brain stem on the 10th day only in animals with facial paralysis. In animals without facial paralysis, no HSV DNA was detected in these tissues. The neutralization antibody titer was elevated between 4 and 20 days in all animals, with or without facial paralysis. Facial paralysis developed only on the inoculated side, even though HSV DNA was also present in the contralateral facial nerve. We conclude that HSV infection in the facial nerve and brain stem is prerequisite for facial paralysis, and suggest that an immunologic reaction following viral infection plays a key role in the pathogenesis.

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