A Descriptive Survey on Face Emotion Recognition Techniques

Recognition of natural emotion from human faces has applications in Human–Computer Interaction, image and video retrieval, automated tutoring systems, smart environment as well as driver warning systems. It is also a significant indication of nonverbal communication among the individuals. The assignment of Face Emotion Recognition (FER) is predominantly complex for two reasons. The first reason is the nonexistence of a large database of training images, and the second one is about classifying the emotions, which can be complex based on the static input image. In addition, robust unbiased FER in real time remains the foremost challenge for various supervised learning-based techniques. This survey analyzes diverse techniques regarding the FER systems. It reviews a bunch of research papers and performs a significant analysis. Initially, the analysis depicts various techniques that are contributed in different research papers. In addition, this paper offers a comprehensive study regarding the chronological review and performance achievements in each contribution. The analytical review is also concerned about the measures for which the maximum performance was achieved in several contributions. Finally, the survey is extended with various research issues and gaps that can be useful for the researchers to promote improved future works on the FER models.

Natural emotion vocabularies as windows on distress and well-being

To date we know little about natural emotion word repertoires, and whether or how they are associated with emotional functioning. Principles from linguistics suggest that the richness or diversity of individuals’ actively used emotion vocabularies may correspond with their typical emotion experiences. The current investigation measures active emotion vocabularies in participant-generated natural speech and examined their relationships to individual differences in mood, personality, and physical and emotional well-being. Study 1 analyzes stream-of-consciousness essays by 1,567 college students. Study 2 analyzes public blogs written by over 35,000 individuals. The studies yield consistent findings that emotion vocabulary richness corresponds broadly with experience. Larger negative emotion vocabularies correlate with more psychological distress and poorer physical health. Larger positive emotion vocabularies correlate with higher well-being and better physical health. Findings support theories linking language use and development with lived experience and may have future clinical implications pending further research.

Chinese women’s experiences, emotions and expectations of breast-feeding in public: a qualitative study

ObjectiveTo explore Chinese mothers’ experiences, emotions and expectations of breast-feeding in public places.DesignExploratory qualitative study. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants and face-to-face interviews were conducted. Themes were identified by content analysis.SettingTwo different geographical communities in Wuhan, Hubei Province, central China, March–May 2016.SubjectsA total of twenty-seven mothers aged 23–33 years, who had one child under 3 years of age and had experience of breast-feeding in public places.ResultsSeven themes emerged from the interviews: struggling to balance infant’s needs and personal feelings; embarrassed or natural emotion regarding breast-feeding in public places; effect of cultural and social norms; internalized concerns going beyond actual social reaction; measures to make breast-feeding in public places easier; desire for more public facilities; and expecting emotional support from society members.ConclusionsMore positive social support, favourable policies and necessary facilities were desired to enable mothers to breast-feed in an appropriate public location. Women expected increased public acceptance of breast-feeding practices and support from government health officials to ensure women’s success in breast-feeding in public settings.

Perbedaan Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Pasien Pre dan Post Op di Ruang Seruni RSUD Pare

Action operate or surgery represent is the difficult experience for every patient. Ugly possibilities might possibly be happened to endanger for patient. Psikososial problem specially feeling fear and worry always experienced of each and everyone to surgery. Anxiety is one of natural emotion symptom by everybody in life. This research represent purposive to know the difference level of the anxiety at patient of pre and post operate. This research is Comparatif research. The population in pre and post operate with the amount sample much 62 responder (31 patient of pre and 31 of patient of post operate), using technique of Purposive Sampling, with the variable mount the anxiety at patient of pre operate and mount the anxiety at patient of post operate. Method of data collecting used by kuesioner HARS scale. Result from the research is the value r = 0,170, its meaning there is difference mount the anxiety at patient of pre and post operate. Expected from this research become the input for medical energy to more to paying attention to condition of psychology moment patient will experience the operation and remain to watch it until its condition return like from the beginning.; Keyword : Difference, Anxiety, Pre, Post, Operate

A Machine for Feeling: Ping's Posthuman Affect

Beckett's famous claim that his writing seeks to ‘work on the nerves of the audience, not the intellect’ points to the centrality of affect in his work. But while his writing's affective quality is widely acknowledged by readers of his work, its refusal of intellect has made it difficult to take fully into account in scholarly work on Beckett. Taking Beckett's 1967 short prose text Ping as a case study, this essay is an attempt to take the affective qualities of Beckett's writing seriously and to consider the implications of his affectively dense writing for his texts’ relationship to history. I argue that Ping's affect emerges from the rhythms of its prose, producing a highly ‘speakable’ text in which affect precedes interpretation. In Ping, however, this affective rhythmic patterning is portrayed as mechanical, the product of the machinic ‘ping’ that punctuates the text and the text's own mechanical rhythms, demanding the active involvement of the reader. The essay concludes by arguing that Ping's mechanised affect is a specifically historical feeling. Arising from a specifically twentieth-century anxiety about technology's tendency to evacuate ‘natural’ emotion in favour of inhuman affect, it participates in a tradition of affectively resonant but curiously blank or indifferent performances of cyborg embodiment. Read in this historical light, Ping's implication of the reader in the production of its mechanised affect grants it, from our contemporary perspective, an archival quality. At the same time, it asks us to broaden the way in which we understand the Beckettian text's relationship to history, pointing to the existence of a more complex and recursive relationship between literature, its historical moment, and our contemporary moment of reading. Such a post-archival historicism sees texts as generated by but not bound to their historical moments of composition, and understands the moment of reception as an integral, if shifting, part of the text's history.

Construction & Standardization of Anger Scale: Validation with the help of EEG

Anger is a natural emotion which involves a strong uncomfortable and emotional response to a perceived provocation. Mild anger motivates an individual to take appropriate action in many areas of life. When anger goes beyond an optimal level it not only causes physical harm and psychological harm but it also intrudes with achievement of higher level of consciousness. In order to measure and compare anger among individuals a need for construction of anger scale was realized. Therefore, the researcher tried to construct a scale which could measure anger among individuals. Items with low coefficient of correlation (r= .14 or less) were discarded and finally 30 items with r= .15 to .67 were retained in the final test. Thus, internal consistency of Anger Scale was established. Test Retest Reliability of the scale (with a time gap of 25 days) came out to be .86. For establishing criterion validity, scores on Anger Scale were correlated with scores of well being. High negative coefficient of correlation of anger scores with well being indicated that higher the anger lower is the level of well being among individuals. The coefficient of correlation was found to be -.85. Again criterion validity was supported by significant positive relationship between egotism and anger also. The coefficient of correlation was .65. It shows that as the egotism increases the level of anger increases and vice versa. Validity of anger scale was established with the help of scores on EEG. The mean alpha waves of higher anger group were found to decrease significantly when subjects’ anger was experimentally aroused. On the other hand Mean EEG scores of low anger group as measured by the Anger Scale did not change significantly. Thus, the validity of anger scale was experimentally established.

On the Dimension of Self-cultivation of Li in Xuncian Philosophy

From the perspective of macro-politics, previous studies of Xunzi’s theory ofLi禮 (Rituals and Social Norms/Propriety/Rules of Proper Conduct) mainly concern the function and value ofLias a means of social control/governance that provides regulations and institutions (Dianzhang Zhidu典章制度). As a study of moral philosophy, this article adopts a micro-perspective to examine the individual agent [who practicesLi], and focuses on the dimension of individual self-cultivation throughLias discussed by Xunzi. This article argues that, based on the Confucian notion of moral community, even at the level of laws and institutions, the social stratification and social order established byLialso contain the value of “constructive morality.” The value foundation ofLilies not only in the propriety of external behavior but also in its performance of inner virtues. This article also points out thatLiis a notion of virtue precisely because it is the realization and expression ofYi. In addition,Li-performance is the cultivation and nourishing of the agents’ emotions and ethics in which natural emotion is elevated into moral sentiment. In short, according to Xunzi,Li-performance is a fundamental process and means of individual moral self-cultivation.

Outcomes of Microneurovascular Facial Reanimation Using Masseteric Innervation in Patients With Long-Standing Facial Palsy Resulting From Cured Brainstem Lesions

BACKGROUND The functions of the human face are not only of esthetic significance but also extend into metaphoric nuances of psychology. The loss of function of one or both facial nerves has a remarkable impact on patients' lives. OBJECTIVE To retrospectively analyze the functional outcomes of microneurovascular facial reanimation using masseteric innervation. METHODS Seventeen patients with irreparable facial paralysis resulting from benign lesions involving the facial nuclei (n = 14) or Möbius syndrome (n = 3) were treated with free muscle flaps for oral commissural reanimation using ipsilateral masseteric innervation and using temporalis muscle transfer for eyelid reanimation. Results were analyzed by the absolute commissural excursion and commissural excursion index and by a patient self-evaluation score. Presence of synkinesis was documented. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 48 months (mean, 26.4 months). RESULTS Normalization of the commissural excursion index was observed in 8 of 17 patients (47%), an improvement was seen in 7 of 17 (41%), and failure was observed in 2 of 17 (12%). The individual dynamics of absolute commissural excursion and commissural excursion index changes are presented. A natural smiling response was observed in 10 of 17 patients (59%) but not in the remaining 7 (41%). This response reflected the patient's ability to relay the natural emotion of smiling through the masseteric nerve. Patients' self-evaluation scores were a level higher than objective indices. CONCLUSIONS Innervation of free muscle flaps with the masseteric nerve for oral commissure reanimation might play an important role in patients with lesions of the facial nuclei (as in Möbius syndrome). Synkinesis persists for long periods after surgery. However, most of the patients learned to express their emotions by overcoming this phenomenon. Despite hypercorrection or inadequate correction, patients evaluated themselves favorably.