Communal strength, exchange orientation, equity, and relational maintenance

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 2345-2365
Author(s):  
Laura Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Relational Maintenance ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Independence Model ◽  
Exchange Orientation ◽  
Maintenance Behaviors ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Communal Orientation ◽  
Communal Strength

The purpose of this study was to explore communal strength (i.e., partner-specific communal orientation) and partner-specific exchange orientation, as well as equity, as predictors of relational maintenance. A sample of 309 heterosexual couples completed self-reports. Given the dyadic interdependence, the actor–partner independence model was used. Dyadic analyses were undertaken using structural equation modeling conducted in AMOS. Results indicated that underbenefitedness was a predictor of maintenance behaviors, but overbenefitedness was not. Communal strength was also associated with engagement in maintenance behaviors. Importantly, communal strength moderated the association between underbenefitedness and maintenance such that underbenefitedness did not result in decreases in self-reported maintenance behaviors for those with greater communal strength to the same extent as it did for those with lower communal strength. Exchange orientation also moderated the association between underbenefitedness and maintenance behaviors such that a decline in maintenance behaviors was not as pronounced for those with lower exchange orientations as those with higher exchange orientations. Findings suggest the important role relational orientations may play in enacting our relationships.

Complex Relationship Between Daily Partner Violence and Alcohol Use Among Violent Heterosexual Men

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626051989732 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Katerndahl ◽  
Sandra K. Burge ◽  
Robert L. Ferrer ◽  
Johanna Becho ◽  
Robert Wood
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Unique Relationship

Although alcohol use and partner violence are consistently associated, the nature of the alcohol–violence relationship is still unclear. The purpose of this pilot study was to use longitudinal daily assessments of male partners’ alcohol use and violent events to identify the nature of the alcohol–violence relationship, employing both linear and nonlinear analyses. The participants were 20 adult heterosexual couples of whom the woman reported experiencing partner violence in the prior 30 days. Each partner provided a separate daily telephone report for 8 weeks via an automated interactive voice response (IVR), concerning the previous day’s violence, alcohol use, stressors, emotional reactions, and concerns for children. Individual IVR databases were merged to form a combined couple’s IVR time series. Time series were analyzed using graphic, linear, and nonlinear methods. Graphic analysis using state space grids found no consistent pattern across couples. Similarly, linear analysis using same-day cross-correlation and prior-day beta statistics found no significant group-level alcohol–violence relationship. Using cross-approximate entropy statistics and differential structural equation modeling, no nonlinear relationships between alcohol use and violence were noted either. Whether applying linear or nonlinear analytic methods, there is no group-level relationship between alcohol use by male perpetrators and their violent acts. The implications are significant. First, the alcohol–violence relationship may differ among subgroups. Second, couples need to be assessed thoroughly to determine their unique relationship with alcohol use, so that couple-specific interventions can be designed. Third, if perpetrators believe that their violence is facilitated by their alcohol use, then alcohol reduction should be encouraged despite any evidence suggesting a different alcohol–violence relationship. Finally, the accepted alcohol-causes-violence belief held by many providers needs to be reconsidered. Because the nature of the alcohol–violence relationship varies considerably across couples, clinicians should seek to understand their unique relationship applying across-the-board management approaches.

scholarly journals The Incremental Validity of Average State Self-Reports Over Global Self-Reports of Personality

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Finnigan ◽  
Simine Vazire
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Self Bias ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Average State

Personality traits are most often assessed using global self-reports of one’s general patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior. However, recent theories have challenged the idea that global self-reports are the best way to assess traits. Whole Trait Theory postulates that repeated measures of a person’s self-reported personality states (i.e., the average of many state self-reports) can be an alternative and potentially superior way of measuring a person’s trait level (Fleeson & Jayawickreme, 2015). Our goal is to examine the validity of average state self-reports of personality for measuring between-person differences in what people are typically like. In order to validate average states as a measure of personality, we examine if they are incrementally valid in predicting informant reports above and beyond global self-reports. In two samples, we find that average state self-reports tend to correlate with informant reports, although this relationship is weaker than the relationship between global self-reports and informant reports. Further, using structural equation modeling, we find that average state self-reports do not significantly predict informant reports independently of global self-reports. Our results suggest that average state self-reports may not contain information about between-person differences in personality traits beyond what is captured by global self-reports, and that average state self-reports may contain more self-bias than is commonly believed. We discuss the implications of these findings for research on daily manifestations of personality and the accuracy of self-reports.

Spouses’ Perceptions of Aggression and Associations With Relationship Satisfaction

Partner Abuse ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly J. Burrus, ◽  
Rebecca J. Cobb,
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Partner Perceptions

We investigated whether residual partner perceptions (after controlling spouses’ self-reports) of physical and psychological aggression predicted marital satisfaction in 188 heterosexual newlywed couples over the first 6 months of marriage. Husbands’ and wives’ reports of physical and psychological aggression were moderately associated, highlighting the mutuality of aggression and consensus between spouses’ reports. Results of path analyses in structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that to the extent that wives perceived their husbands as more physically and psychologically aggressive than spouses self-reported, wives were less maritally satisfied. To the extent that husbands’ perceived their wives as more psychologically aggressive than spouses self-reported, husbands were marginally less maritally satisfied. Generally, spouses’ self- and partner reports of physical or psychological aggression did not predict partners’ marital satisfaction or changes in marital satisfaction over 6 months. However, results suggested that at least concurrently, spouses’ perceptions of partners’ aggressive behavior play an important role in marital satisfaction, and this may be especially true for wives.

scholarly journals Effects Of Personality On Conflict Resolution In Student Teams: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Forrester ◽  
Armen Tashchian
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Team Formation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Conflict Resolution Styles ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Conflict Mediation ◽  
Self Reports

This paper reports results of a study of the effects of five personality dimensions on conflict resolution preferences in student teams. Two hundred and sixteen students provided self-reports of personality dimensions and conflict styles using the Neo-FFI and ROCI-II scales. Simultaneous effects of five personality dimensions on five conflict resolution styles were modeled using Partial Least Squares (PLS) procedures. Results indicate that agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and extroversion impacted conflict resolution styles, whereas neuroticism did not. Findings are discussed along with their implications for team formation, team training, and conflict mediation.

scholarly journals Predicting students’ flow experience through behavior data in gamified educational systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilk Oliveira ◽  
Kamilla Tenório ◽  
Juho Hamari ◽  
Olena Pastushenko ◽  
Seiji Isotani
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Flow Experience ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
Action Awareness ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Control Loss

AbstractThe flow experience (i.e., challenge-skill balance, action-awareness merging, clear goals, unambiguous feedback, concentration, sense of control, loss of self-consciousness, transformation of time, and autotelic experience) is an experience highly related to the learning experience. One of the current challenges is to identify whether students are managing to achieve this experience in educational systems. The methods currently used to identify students’ flow experience are based on self-reports or equipment (e.g., eye trackers or electroencephalograms). The main problem with these methods is the high cost of the equipment and the impossibility of applying them massively. To address this challenge, we used behavior data logs produced by students during the use of a gamified educational system to predict the students’ flow experience. Through a data-driven study (N = 23) using structural equation modeling, we identified possibilities to predict the students’ flow experience through the speed of students’ actions. With this initial study, we advance the literature, especially contributing to the field of student experience analysis, by bringing insights showing how to step towards automatic students’ flow experience identification in gamified educational systems.

The Nature and Nurture of HEXACO Personality Trait Differences

2019 ◽  
Vol 227 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kandler ◽  
Julia Richter ◽  
Alexandra Zapko-Willmes
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Random Measurement Error ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Nature And Nurture ◽  
Spousal Similarity

Abstract. This study was designed to provide detailed estimates of genetic and environmental sources of variance in the HEXACO personality traits. For this purpose, we analyzed data from a German extended twin family study including 573 pairs of twins as well as 208 mothers, 119 fathers, 228 spouses, and 143 offspring of twins. All participants provided self-reports on the HEXACO-60. Extended twin family analyses using structural equation modeling (SEM) yielded that additive and nonadditive genetic influences accounted for about 50% of the variance in personality traits. The remaining variance was primarily due to individual-specific environmental sources and random measurement error. Spousal similarity in Openness was attributable to assortative mating, whereas spousal similarity in Honesty-Humility was attributable to environmental circumstances, partly due to a shared social background and spouse-specific effects. Our analyses yielded specifics for different personality traits. However, transmission of trait similarity from one generation to the next was primarily genetic.

scholarly journals The Incremental Validity of Average State Self-Reports Over Global Self-Reports of Personality

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Finnigan ◽  
Simine Vazire
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Self Bias ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Average State

Personality traits are most often assessed using global self-reports of one’s general patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior. However, recent theories have challenged the idea that global self-reports are the best way to assess traits. Whole Trait Theory postulates that repeated measures of a person’s self-reported personality states (i.e., the average of many state self-reports) can be an alternative and potentially superior way of measuring a person’s trait level (Fleeson & Jayawickreme, 2015). Our goal is to examine the validity of average state self-reports of personality for measuring between-person differences in what people are typically like. In order to validate average states as a measure of personality, we examine if they are incrementally valid in predicting informant reports above and beyond global self-reports. In two samples, we find that average state self-reports tend to correlate with informant reports, although this relationship is weaker than the relationship between global self-reports and informant reports. Further, using structural equation modeling, we find that average state self-reports do not significantly predict informant reports independently of global self-reports. Our results suggest that average state self-reports may not contain information about between-person differences in personality traits beyond what is captured by global self-reports, and that average state self-reports may contain more self-bias than is commonly believed. We discuss the implications of these findings for research on daily manifestations of personality and the accuracy of self-reports.

scholarly journals Psychometric evaluation of the Affect Regulation Checklist: Clinical and community samples, parent-reports and youth self-reports

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Goulter ◽  
Sherene Balanji ◽  
Brooke A. Davis ◽  
Tim James ◽  
Cassia L. McIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Affect Dysregulation ◽  
Self Reports

The Affect Regulation Checklist (ARC) was designed to capture affect dysregulation, suppression, and reflection. Importantly, affect dysregulation has been established as a transdiagnostic mechanism underpinning many forms of psychopathology. We tested the ARC psychometric properties across clinical and community samples and through both parent-report and youth self-report information. Clinical sample: participants included parents (n=814; Mage=43.86) and their child (n=608; Mage=13.98). Community sample: participants included parents (n=578; Mage=45.12) and youth (n=809; Mage=15.67). Exploratory structural equation modeling supported a three-factor structure across samples and informants. Dysregulation was positively associated with all forms of psychopathology. In general, suppression was positively associated with many forms of psychopathology, and reflection was negatively associated with externalizing problems and positively associated with internalizing problems.

In Sickness and in Health: The Role of Housework Engagement in Work Productivity despite Presenteeism

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Correia Leal ◽  
Aristides I. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Partner Support ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Sickness Presenteeism ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender

Abstract The present study is one of the first to investigate the effects of housework engagement on work productivity despite sickness presenteeism and to explore personality traits (i.e., conscientiousness) and gender differences among couples. Based on a sample of 180 heterosexual couples, an integrated model of both housework and workplace realities was proposed and tested based on the actor-partner interdependence model using structural equation modeling. The results verify that the higher the degree of women’s conscientiousness, the greater their and their partners’ level of productivity despite presenteeism. In addition, the higher the couple’s perception of partner support is, the greater their level of work productivity despite health problems, for both men and women. Results also confirm that housework engagement mediates the relationships between both conscientiousness and perceived partner support and work productivity despite health problems, for women, but not for men. This study denotes an advance in the literature on the relationships between personal and social resources within the family domain and work productivity despite sickness presenteeism. The findings support the applicability of the resource perspective of the Job Demands-Resources theory (JD-R) (i.e., motivational branch) to housework, as well as extend existing presenteeism models by providing evidence for the inclusion of the family domain in explaining this organizational phenomenon.

A Psychometric Study of the Quality Perception Questionnaire

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Cioffi† ◽  
Anna Coluccia ◽  
Fabio Ferretti ◽  
Francesca Lorini ◽  
Aristide Saggino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Quality Perception ◽  
Italian Survey ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Instrument Measuring ◽  
Hospital Structures

The present paper reexamines the psychometric properties of the Quality Perception Questionnaire (QPQ), an Italian survey instrument measuring patients’ perceptions of the quality of a recent hospital admission experience, in a sample of 4400 patients (Mage = 56.42 years; SD = 19.71 years, 48.8% females). The 14-item survey measures four factors: satisfaction with medical doctors, nursing staff, auxiliary staff, and hospital structures. First, we tested two models using a confirmatory factor analysis (structural equation modeling): a four orthogonal factor and a four oblique factor model. The SEM fit indices and the χ² difference suggested the acceptance of the second model. We then did a simulation using a bootstrap with 1000 replications. Results confirmed the four oblique factor solution. Third, we tested whether there were significant differences with respect to age or sex. The multivariate general linear model showed no significant differences in the factors with respect to sex or age.

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