Evaluation of the effects of adding vibrotactile feedback to myoelectric prosthesis users on performance and visual attention in a dual-task paradigm

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1308-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eitan Raveh ◽  
Jason Friedman ◽  
Sigal Portnoy
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Vibrotactile Feedback ◽  
Myoelectric Prosthesis ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Improved Performance

Objective: To evaluate the effects of adding vibrotactile feedback to myoelectric prosthesis users on the performance time and visual attention in a dual-task paradigm. Design: A repeated-measures design with a counterbalanced order of two conditions. Setting: Laboratory setting. Subjects: Transradial amputees using a myoelectric prosthesis with normal or corrected eyesight ( N = 12, median age = 65 ± 13 years). Exclusion criteria were orthopedic or neurologic problems. Interventions: Subjects performed grasping tasks with their prosthesis, while controlling a virtual car on a road with their intact hand. The dual task was performed twice: with and without vibrotactile feedback. Main measures: Performance time of each of the grasping tasks and gaze behavior, measured by the number of times the subjects shifted their gaze toward their hand, the relative time they applied their attention to the screen, and percentage of error in the secondary task. Results: The mean performance time was significantly shorter ( P = 0.024) when using vibrotactile feedback (93.2 ± 9.6 seconds) compared with the performance time measured when vibrotactile feedback was not available (107.8 ± 20.3 seconds). No significant differences were found between the two conditions in the number of times the gaze shifted from the screen to the hand, in the time the subjects applied their attention to the screen, and in the time the virtual car was off-road, as a percentage of the total game time (51.4 ± 15.7 and 50.2 ± 19.5, respectively). Conclusion: Adding vibrotactile feedback improved performance time during grasping in a dual-task paradigm. Prosthesis users may use vibrotactile feedback to perform better during daily tasks, when multiple cognitive demands are present.

scholarly journals Speech Perception for Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients in a Realistic Background Noise: Effectiveness of Preprocessing Strategies and External Options for Improving Speech Recognition in Noise

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (07) ◽  
pp. 441-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
René H. Gifford ◽  
Lawrence J. Revit
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Listening Environments ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Listening In Noise

Background: Although cochlear implant patients are achieving increasingly higher levels of performance, speech perception in noise continues to be problematic. The newest generations of implant speech processors are equipped with preprocessing and/or external accessories that are purported to improve listening in noise. Most speech perception measures in the clinical setting, however, do not provide a close approximation to real-world listening environments. Purpose: To assess speech perception for adult cochlear implant recipients in the presence of a realistic restaurant simulation generated by an eight-loudspeaker (R-SPACE™) array in order to determine whether commercially available preprocessing strategies and/or external accessories yield improved sentence recognition in noise. Research Design: Single-subject, repeated-measures design with two groups of participants: Advanced Bionics and Cochlear Corporation recipients. Study Sample: Thirty-four subjects, ranging in age from 18 to 90 yr (mean 54.5 yr), participated in this prospective study. Fourteen subjects were Advanced Bionics recipients, and 20 subjects were Cochlear Corporation recipients. Intervention: Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in semidiffuse restaurant noise originating from an eight-loudspeaker array were assessed with the subjects' preferred listening programs as well as with the addition of either Beam™ preprocessing (Cochlear Corporation) or the T-Mic® accessory option (Advanced Bionics). Data Collection and Analysis: In Experiment 1, adaptive SRTs with the Hearing in Noise Test sentences were obtained for all 34 subjects. For Cochlear Corporation recipients, SRTs were obtained with their preferred everyday listening program as well as with the addition of Focus preprocessing. For Advanced Bionics recipients, SRTs were obtained with the integrated behind-the-ear (BTE) mic as well as with the T-Mic. Statistical analysis using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) evaluated the effects of the preprocessing strategy or external accessory in reducing the SRT in noise. In addition, a standard t-test was run to evaluate effectiveness across manufacturer for improving the SRT in noise. In Experiment 2, 16 of the 20 Cochlear Corporation subjects were reassessed obtaining an SRT in noise using the manufacturer-suggested “Everyday,” “Noise,” and “Focus” preprocessing strategies. A repeated-measures ANOVA was employed to assess the effects of preprocessing. Results: The primary findings were (i) both Noise and Focus preprocessing strategies (Cochlear Corporation) significantly improved the SRT in noise as compared to Everyday preprocessing, (ii) the T-Mic accessory option (Advanced Bionics) significantly improved the SRT as compared to the BTE mic, and (iii) Focus preprocessing and the T-Mic resulted in similar degrees of improvement that were not found to be significantly different from one another. Conclusion: Options available in current cochlear implant sound processors are able to significantly improve speech understanding in a realistic, semidiffuse noise with both Cochlear Corporation and Advanced Bionics systems. For Cochlear Corporation recipients, Focus preprocessing yields the best speech-recognition performance in a complex listening environment; however, it is recommended that Noise preprocessing be used as the new default for everyday listening environments to avoid the need for switching programs throughout the day. For Advanced Bionics recipients, the T-Mic offers significantly improved performance in noise and is recommended for everyday use in all listening environments.

Effects of 3D Auditory Display on Dual Task Performance in a Simulated Multiscreen Watchstation Environment

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (17) ◽  
pp. 1570-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Brock ◽  
Janet L. Stroup ◽  
James A. Ballas
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Auditory Display ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Tactical Decision

It is anticipated that watchstation operators in future U. S. Navy command and control environments will work in multitask settings that raise substantial performance and attention management challenges for user interfaces. To evaluate the capacity of an auditory display to contribute to the resolution of these concerns, we constructed a mockup of the Navy's current advanced multi-modal watchstation design and conducted a dual-task experiment that manipulated the visual distance between the task displays and the use of spatialized sound to direct attention (auditory deixis). Subjects in the repeated measures design were asked to carry out a continuous tracking task and a tactical decision task at the same time. Deictic sound had significant, positive effects on subjects' performance on the tactical task—response times were improved and there were fewer head movements. Furthermore, these benefits were achieved with no loss in tactical decision accuracy and no degradation in performance on the tracking task.

Spaced Retrieval Using Static and Dynamic Images to Improve Face–Name Recognition: Alzheimer's Dementia and Vascular Dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1184-1197
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Viccaro ◽  
Elaine Sands ◽  
Carolyn Springer
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Alzheimer’S Dementia ◽  
Dementia Diagnosis ◽  
Alzheimer's Dementia ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Spaced Retrieval ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Static Images ◽  
Improved Performance

Purpose The primary objective of this study examined whether spaced retrieval (SR) using dynamic images (video clips without audio) is more effective than SR using static images to improve face–name recognition in persons with dementia. A secondary objective examined the length of time associations were retained after participants reached criterion. A final objective sought to determine if there is a relationship between SR training and dementia diagnosis. Method A repeated-measures design analyzed whether SR using dynamic images was more effective than SR using static images for face–name recognition. Twelve participants diagnosed with Alzheimer's dementia or vascular dementia were randomly assigned to 2 experimental conditions in which the presentation of images was counterbalanced. Results All participants demonstrated improvement in face–name recognition; there was no significant difference between the dynamic and static images. Eleven of 12 participants retained the information from 1 to 4 weeks post training. Additional analysis revealed a significant interaction effect when diagnoses and images were examined together. Participants with vascular dementia demonstrated improved performance using SR with static images, whereas participants with Alzheimer's dementia displayed improved performance using SR with dynamic images. Conclusions SR using static and/or dynamic images improved face–name recognition in persons with dementia. Further research is warranted to continue exploration of the relationship between dementia diagnosis and SR performance using static and dynamic images.

scholarly journals Dual-Task Walking in Challenging Environments in People with Stroke: Cognitive-Motor Interference and Task Prioritization

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celine Timmermans ◽  
Melvyn Roerdink ◽  
Thomas W. J. Janssen ◽  
Carel G. M. Meskers ◽  
Peter J. Beek
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Physical Context ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance ◽  
Task Prioritization ◽  
Walking Environment ◽  
And Task

Cognitive-motor interference may contribute to the risk of falling in people with stroke, as may be the associated phenomenon of inappropriate task prioritization. Examining dual-task walking could provide valuable insights as to how to best evaluate and treat walking in people with stroke. This study aimed to examine the effect of different walking environments on cognitive-motor interference and task prioritization in dual-task walking in people with stroke. Using a repeated-measures design, cognitive-motor interference and task prioritization were assessed in 30 stroke survivors, while walking in a plain environment and in two challenging environments that were enriched with either stationary physical context or suddenly appearing projector-augmented context. All three walking environment conditions were performed with and without a concurrent serial-3 subtraction task. We found stronger cognitive-motor interference for the two challenging environments than for the plain walking environment. Cognitive-motor interference did not differ between challenging walking environments, but task prioritization did: motor performance was prioritized more in the environment with physical context than in the environment with projector-augmented context and vice versa for cognitive-task performance. In conclusion, walking environment strongly influenced cognitive-motor interference and task prioritization during dual-task walking in people with stroke.

Caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on attention under emotional arousal

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace E. Giles ◽  
Caroline R. Mahoney ◽  
Tad T. Brunyé ◽  
Holly A. Taylor ◽  
Robin B. Kanarek
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Difference Scores ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Film Clips ◽  
The Difference

Tea is perceived as more relaxing than coffee, even though both contain caffeine. L-theanine in tea may account for the difference. Consumed together, caffeine and theanine exert similar cognitive effects to that of caffeine alone, but exert opposite effects on arousal, in that caffeine accentuates and theanine mitigates physiological and felt stress responses. We evaluated whether caffeine and theanine influenced cognition under emotional arousal. Using a double-blind, repeated-measures design, 36 participants received 4 treatments (200 mg caffeine + 0 mg theanine, 0 mg caffeine + 200 mg theanine, 200 mg caffeine + 200 mg theanine, 0 mg caffeine + 0 mg theanine) on separate days. Emotional arousal was induced by highly arousing negative film clips and pictures. Mood, salivary cortisol, and visual attention were evaluated. Caffeine accentuated global processing of visual attention on the hierarchical shape task (p < 0.05), theanine accentuated local processing (p < 0.05), and the combination did not differ from placebo. Caffeine reduced flanker conflict difference scores on the Attention Network Test (p < 0.05), theanine increased difference scores (p < 0.05), and the combination did not differ from placebo. Thus, under emotional arousal, caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on certain attentional processes, but when consumed together, they counteract the effects of each other.

The Effect of Adding Caffeine to Postexercise Carbohydrate Feeding on Subsequent High-Intensity Interval-Running Capacity Compared With Carbohydrate Alone

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 410-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor Taylor ◽  
Daniel Higham ◽  
Graeme L. Close ◽  
James P. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Test List ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Volitional Exhaustion ◽  
Carbohydrate Feeding ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that adding caffeine to postexercise carbohydrate (CHO) feedings improves subsequent high-intensity interval-running capacity compared with CHO alone. In a repeated-measures design, 6 men performed a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol until volitional exhaustion in the morning. Immediately after and at 1, 2, and 3 hr postexercise, participants consumed 1.2 g/kg body mass CHO of a 15% CHO solution, a similar CHO solution but with addition of 8 mg/kg body mass of caffeine (CHO+CAFF), or an equivalent volume of flavored water only (WAT). After the 4-hr recovery period, participants performed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) to volitional exhaustion as a measure of high-intensity interval-running capacity. Average blood glucose values during the 4-hr recovery period were higher in the CHO conditions (p < .005) than in the WAT trial (4.6 ± 0.3 mmol/L), although there was no difference (p = .46) between CHO (6.2 ± 0.8 mmol/L) and CHO+CAFF (6.7 ± 1.0 mmol/L). Exercise capacity during the LIST was significantly longer in the CHO+CAFF trial (48 ± 15 min) than in the CHO (32 ± 15 min, p = .04) and WAT conditions (19 ± 6 min, p = .001). All 6 participants improved performance in CHO+CAFF compared with CHO (95% CI for mean difference = 1–32 min). The study provides novel data by demonstrating that adding caffeine to postexercise CHO feeding improves subsequent high-intensity interval-running capacity, a finding that may be related to higher rates of postexercise muscle glycogen resynthesis previously observed under similar feeding conditions.

Cognitive Test Performance and Background Music

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1435-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Cockerton ◽  
Simon Moore ◽  
Dale Norman
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Music Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Background Music ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance

This study examined the effects of background music on test performance. In a repeated-measures design 30 undergraduates completed two cognitive tests, one in silence and the other with background music. Analysis suggested that music facilitated cognitive performance compared with the control condition of no music: more questions were completed and more answers were correct. There was no difference in heart rate under the two conditions. The improved performance under the music condition might be directly related to the type of music used.

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