scholarly journals Resting state connectivity and cognitive performance in adults with cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 981-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breda Cullen ◽  
Fiona C Moreton ◽  
Michael S Stringer ◽  
Rajeev Krishnadas ◽  
Dheeraj Kalladka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus

Cognitive impairment is an inevitable feature of cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), affecting executive function, attention and processing speed from an early stage. Impairment is associated with structural markers such as lacunes, but associations with functional connectivity have not yet been reported. Twenty-two adults with genetically-confirmed CADASIL (11 male; aged 49.8 ± 11.2 years) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest. Intrinsic attentional/executive networks were identified using group independent components analysis. A linear regression model tested voxel-wise associations between cognitive measures and component spatial maps, and Pearson correlations were performed with mean intra-component connectivity z-scores. Two frontoparietal components were associated with cognitive performance. Voxel-wise analyses showed an association between one component cluster and processing speed (left middle temporal gyrus; peak −48, −18, −14; ZE = 5.65, pFWEcorr = 0.001). Mean connectivity in both components correlated with processing speed ( r = 0.45, p = 0.043; r = 0.56, p = 0.008). Mean connectivity in one component correlated with faster Trailmaking B minus A time ( r = −0.77, p < 0.001) and better executive performance ( r = 0.56, p = 0.011). This preliminary study provides evidence for associations between cognitive performance and attentional network connectivity in CADASIL. Functional connectivity may be a useful biomarker of cognitive performance in this population.

scholarly journals Slow Wave Sleep and EEG Delta Spectral Power are Associated with Cognitive Function in Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kimberly H. Wood ◽  
Adeel A. Memon ◽  
Raima A. Memon ◽  
Allen Joop ◽  
Jennifer Pilkington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Domain Scores

Background: Cognitive and sleep dysfunction are common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective: Determine the relationship between slow wave sleep (SWS) and cognitive performance in PD. Methods: Thirty-two PD participants were evaluated with polysomnography and a comprehensive level II neurocognitive battery, as defined by the Movement Disorders Society Task Force for diagnosis of PD-mild cognitive impairment. Raw scores for each test were transformed into z-scores using normative data. Z-scores were averaged to obtain domain scores, and domain scores were averaged to determine the Composite Cognitive Score (CCS), the primary outcome. Participants were grouped by percent of SWS into High SWS and Low SWS groups and compared on CCS and other outcomes using 2-sided t-tests or Mann-Whitney U. Correlations of cognitive outcomes with sleep architecture and EEG spectral power were performed. Results: Participants in the High SWS group demonstrated better global cognitive function (CCS) (p = 0.01, effect size: r = 0.45). In exploratory analyses, the High SWS group showed better performance in domains of executive function (effect size: Cohen’s d = 1.05), language (d = 0.95), and processing speed (d = 1.12). Percentage of SWS was correlated with global cognition and executive function, language, and processing speed. Frontal EEG delta power during N3 was correlated with the CCS and executive function. Cognition was not correlated with subjective sleep quality. Conclusion: Increased SWS and higher delta spectral power are associated with better cognitive performance in PD. This demonstrates the significant relationship between sleep and cognitive function and suggests that interventions to improve sleep might improve cognition in individuals with PD.

scholarly journals Multiple overlapping dynamic patterns of the visual sensory network in schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad S.E Sendi ◽  
Godfrey D Pearlson ◽  
Daniel H Mathalon ◽  
Judith M Ford ◽  
Adrian Preda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Connectivity Pattern ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal

Although visual processing impairments have been explored in schizophrenia (SZ), their underlying neurobiology of the visual processing impairments has not been widely studied. Also, while some research has hinted at differences in information transfer and flow in SZ, there are few investigations of the dynamics of functional connectivity within visual networks. In this study, we analyzed resting-state fMRI data of the visual sensory network (VSN) in 160 healthy control (HC) subjects and 151 SZ subjects. We estimated 9 independent components within the VSN. Then, we calculated the dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) using the Pearson correlation. Next, using k-means clustering, we partitioned the dFNCs into five distinct states, and then we calculated the portion of time each subject spent in each state, that we termed the occupancy rate (OCR). Using OCR, we compared HC with SZ subjects and investigated the link between OCR and visual learning in SZ subjects. Besides, we compared the VSN functional connectivity of SZ and HC subjects in each state. We found that this network is indeed highly dynamic. Each state represents a unique connectivity pattern of fluctuations in VSN FNC, and all states showed significant disruption in SZ. Overall, HC showed stronger connectivity within the VSN in states. SZ subjects spent more time in a state in which the connectivity between the middle temporal gyrus and other regions of VNS is highly negative. Besides, OCR in a state with strong positive connectivity between middle temporal gyrus and other regions correlated significantly with visual learning scores in SZ.

scholarly journals Cognitive performance along the migraine cycle: A negative exploratory study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 251581632095113
Author(s):  
Maria Ana Quadros ◽  
Marta Granadeiro ◽  
Amparo Ruiz-Tagle ◽  
Carolina Maruta ◽  
Raquel Gil-Gouveia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Attack Frequency ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Z Scores

Migraine patients frequently report cognitive difficulties in the proximity and during migraine attacks. We performed an exploratory comparison of executive functioning across the four stages of the migraine cycle. Consecutive patients with episodic migraine undertook cognitive tests for attention, processing speed, set-shifting, and inhibitory control. Performance was compared between patients in different migraine stages, controlling for attack frequency and prophylactic medication. One hundred forty-three patients (142 women, average age 36.2 ± 9.9 years) were included, 28 preictal (≤48 h before the attack), 21 ictal (during the attack), 18 postictal (≤24 h after attack), and 76 interictal. Test performance (age and literacy adjusted z-scores) was not significantly different across migraine phases, despite a tendency for a decline before the attack. This negative study shows that cognitive performance fluctuates as patients approach the attack. To control for individual variability, this comparison needs to be better characterized longitudinally with a within-patient design.

scholarly journals Abnormal functional connectivity density in patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhai Tu ◽  
Pingping Huang ◽  
Chuanwan Mao ◽  
Xiaozheng Liu ◽  
Jianlu Gao
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Functional Connectivity Density ◽  
Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Left Middle

[Objective] Functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping was used to investigate abnormalities and factors related to brain functional connectivity (F.C.) in cortical regions of patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) and to analyze the pathogenesis of DON further. [Methods] Patients diagnosed with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) in the Eye Hospital were enrolled. All patients underwent comprehensive eye examinations and best-corrected visual acuity, visual field(V.F.) test. MRI data collection and analysis were completed in the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The patients were divided into two groups: the DON group, with an average visual field, mean deviation (M.D.) of both eyes < -5 dB, and the non-DON group (nDON group), with an average visual field M.D. of both eyes ≥ -2 dB. [Results] A total of 30 TAO patients (14 men, 16 women) with complete data who met the experimental requirements were enrolled. The average age was 48.79 (40~ 57) years. There were 16 patients in the DON group and 14 patients in the nDON group. No significant differences in age, gender, education level, and the maximum horizontal diameter of either medial rectus muscle were found between the two groups. The difference of brain FCD between the two groups showed significant abnormal connectivity in the right orbital gyri of the frontal lobe (Frontal_Inf_Orb_R) and the left precuneus in the DON group compared with the nDON group. As demonstrated by decreased FCD values in the right inferior frontal gyrus/orbital part, the relevant brain regions were the left middle temporal gyrus, left precuneus, left middle frontal gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, and brain gyri (excluding the supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus) below the left parietal bone. The FCD associated with the left precuneus was increased, and the relevant brain areas were the left middle temporal gyrus, right cuneus, superior occipital gyrus, and right fusiform gyrus. A significant correlation was identified between the MD. of the binocular visual field and brain FCD. [Conclusion] The abnormal FCD in the cortex of DON patients suggests that a central nervous system mechanism may be related to the pathogenesis of the DON.

Resting-State Cortical Connectivity Underlying Cognitive-Motor Interactions in Gait and Postural Tasks in Young Adults

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (1 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S3.2-S3
Author(s):  
Nathan Morelli ◽  
Nathan Johnson ◽  
Kimberly Kaiser ◽  
Richard Andreatta ◽  
Nicholas Heebner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between intra- and internetwork connectivity and DTC of postural, gait, and cognitive performance in healthy, young adults.BackgroundDual-task (DT) deficits persist after return to activity in those recovering from a sports related concussion. However, little is known about the relationship of cortical network function to DT capacity. Current evidence regarding the relationship between network connectivity and dual-task balance and gait performance is limited by focusing on older adults and those with cognitive impairments, using a condensed set of task demands, and neglecting the role of connectivity in the ability to adapt to minimize DT cost (DTC).Design/MethodsTwelve adults (7 females; age: 23.41 ± 2.74 years; height: 1.73 ± 0.10 m; weight: 72.66 ± 11.25 kg) volunteered for this study. Participants completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, as well as single and DT variants of the Concussion Balance Test, Sensory Organization Test, and gait. Functional connectivity within and between the default mode (DMN), salience (SAL), and sensorimotor (SMN) networks were calculated for all subjects. Pearson's correlations were used to assess the association of connectivity to balance and gait speed DTC.ResultsInter-network connectivity between to DMN to the SAL and SMN demonstrated moderate to strong association to DTC of gait speed and postural control during tasks which perturbed sensory environments (r = −0.59 to 0.94, p < 0.05). There was no relationship between connectivity and DTC of cognitive performance during DT (r = −0.50 to 0.54, p > 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings highlight the role of the SAL, SMN, and DMN in cognitive-motor interactions during gait and postural control. Furthermore, functional connectivity underlying DT gait and static postural control performance express inverse relationships, suggesting task-dependent differences in system level processing.

scholarly journals Aberrant Functional Connectivity in Resting State Networks of ADHD Patients Revealed by Independent Component Analysis(ICA)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huayu Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Weifang Cao ◽  
Dong Cui ◽  
Qing Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Group Ica ◽  
The Right ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity ◽  
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus

Abstract Background：ADHD is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Altered functional connectivity has been associated with ADHD symptoms. This study aimed to investigate abnormal changes in the functional connectivity of resting-state brain networks (RSNs) among adolescent patients with different subtypes of ADHD. Methods: The data were obtained from the ADHD-200 Global Competition, including fMRI data from 88 ADHD patients (56 patients of ADHD-Combined，ADHD-C and 32 patients of ADHD-Inattentive, ADHD-I) and 67 Typically-Developing Controls (TD-C). Group ICA was utilized to research aberrant brain functional connectivity within different subtypes of ADHD. Results: Compared with TD-C group, the clusters of decreased functional connectivity were located in the left inferior occipital gyrus (p=0.0041) and right superior occipital gyrus (p=0.0011) of DAN, supplementary motor area (p=0.0036) of ECN, left supramarginal gyrus (p=0.0081) of SN, middle temporal gyrus (p=0.0041) and superior medial frontal gyrus (p=0.0055) of DMN in ADHD-C group. In the ADHD-I group, decreased functional connectivity was found in the right superior parietal gyrus (p=0.0017) of DAN and left middle temporal gyrus (p=0.0105) of DMN. The decreased functional connectivity of ADHD-C group was found in superior temporal gyrus (p=0.0062) of AN, inferior temporal gyrus (p=0.0016) of DAN, dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (p=0.0082) of DMN compared to ADHD-I group. All the clusters surviving at p<0.05 (AlphaSim correction). Conclusion: The results suggested that decreased functional connectivity within the DMN and DAN was responsible, at least in part, for the symptom of inattention in ADHD-I patients. Similarly, we believed that the impaired functional connectivity within networks may contribute to the manifestations of ADHD-C patients, including inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and unconscious movements.

scholarly journals Aberrant functional connectivity in resting state networks of ADHD patients revealed by independent component analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huayu Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Weifang Cao ◽  
Dong Cui ◽  
Qing Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network ◽  
Group Ica ◽  
The Right ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity ◽  
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus

Abstract Background ADHD is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Altered functional connectivity has been associated with ADHD symptoms. This study aimed to investigate abnormal changes in the functional connectivity of resting-state brain networks (RSNs) among adolescent patients with different subtypes of ADHD. Methods The data were obtained from the ADHD-200 Global Competition, including fMRI data from 88 ADHD patients (56 patients of ADHD-Combined, ADHD-C and 32 patients of ADHD-Inattentive, ADHD-I) and 67 typically developing controls (TD-C). Group ICA was utilized to research aberrant brain functional connectivity within the different subtypes of ADHD. Results In comparison with the TD-C group, the ADHD-C group showed clusters of decreased functional connectivity in the left inferior occipital gyrus (p = 0.0041) and right superior occipital gyrus (p = 0.0011) of the dorsal attention network (DAN), supplementary motor area (p = 0.0036) of the executive control network (ECN), left supramarginal gyrus (p = 0.0081) of the salience network (SN), middle temporal gyrus (p = 0.0041), and superior medial frontal gyrus (p = 0.0055) of the default mode network (DMN), while the ADHD-I group showed decreased functional connectivity in the right superior parietal gyrus (p = 0.0017) of the DAN and left middle temporal gyrus (p = 0.0105) of the DMN. In comparison with the ADHD-I group, the ADHD-C group showed decreased functional connectivity in the superior temporal gyrus (p = 0.0062) of the AN, inferior temporal gyrus (p = 0.0016) of the DAN, and the dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (p = 0.0082) of the DMN. All the clusters surviving at p < 0.05 (AlphaSim correction). Conclusion The results suggested that decreased functional connectivity within the DMN and DAN was responsible, at least in part, for the symptom of inattention in ADHD-I patients. Similarly, we believed that the impaired functional connectivity within networks may contribute to the manifestations of ADHD-C patients, including inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and unconscious movements.

scholarly journals rTMS modulates precuneus-hippocampal subregion circuit in subjective cognitive decline 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiu Chen ◽  
Guanjie Hu ◽  
Chen Xue ◽  
Wenzhang Qi ◽  
Wenwen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Left Middle

Abstract Background: To identify whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could ameliorate the HIPsub network connectivity by modulating one node of hippocampal subregions (HIPsub) network in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) subjects.Methods: In the first cohort, we analyzed three HIPsub (HIPe, HIPc, and HIPp) functional connectivity to identify HIPsub network connectivity alterations that relate to SCD. And we further applied a SVM approach using the alterations to identify how well this could distinguish SCD from CN. In the second cohort, rTMS with 5-day of once-daily for 2 weeks was used to modulate the altered HIPsub network connectivity in a sham-controlled design.Results: SCD subjects showed differently altered patterns of HIPsub network connectivity compared to controls. The SVM classifier showed that the abnormalities had a high power to discriminate SCD from CN, with an ACC of 86.0%, an AUC of 92.9%, 83.8% sensitivity, and 89.1% specificity. Restoration of HIPc connectivity with left parahippocampa gyrus and HIPp connectivity with left middle temporal gyrus corresponded to amelioration of episodic memory in SCD patients after 2 weeks of rTMS. Conclusion: rTMS can restore the posterior hippocampus connectivity by modulating the precuneus in SCD subjects. Correction of breakdown in HIPc and HIPp related to cognitive and perceptual processing can simultaneously ameliorate episodic memory in SCD subjects.

scholarly journals Association between healthy eating index-2015 and various cognitive domains in US adults aged 60 years or older: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yameng Fan ◽  
Yinyin Zhang ◽  
Jiaqiao Li ◽  
Yamei Liu ◽  
Huan Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Us ◽  
Z Scores

Abstract Background Diet, as a modifiable factor, plays an important role in cognitive function. However, the association between adherence to the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, and cognitive function remains unclear. This study aims to explore whether HEI-2015 is associated with various cognitive domains and whether such association is modified by age, gender, or ethnicity in the US adults aged 60 years or older using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. Methods HEI-2015 scores were calculated from 24-h dietary recall interviews. Cognitive function was evaluated by Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST, a measure of processing speed), Animal Fluency Test (AFT, a measure of executive function), a subtest from Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease (CERAD, a measure of memory), and a composite-z score calculated by summing z scores of individual tests. The associations between HEI-2015 scores and cognitive performance were explored using multiple linear regression models. Results A total of 2450 participants aged 60 years or older were included. Participants with higher HEI-2015 scores were more likely to have higher DSST, AFT as well as composite-z scores (P<0.05). Significant interaction effects were identified between HEI-2015 and ethnicity in specific cognitive domains (Pinteraction<0.05). Among HEI-2015 components, higher intakes of whole fruits and seafood and plant protein were associated with better cognitive performance (P<0.05). Conclusion Higher adherence to DGA is associated with better cognitive performance, especially regarding processing speed and executive function among the US adults aged 60 years or older.

scholarly journals Neural representations of awe: Distinguishing common and distinct neural mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Takano ◽  
Michio Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
And Function ◽  
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus

Awe is an emotional response to perceptually vast stimuli that transcend one’s current frames of reference. The psychological form and function of awe differ between two types: positive-awe, which arises from the beauty of nature, and threat-awe, which is inspired by natural disasters. However, little is known about the neural bases underlying these types of awe. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated common and distinct neural responses to experiences of positive- and threat-awe, elicited by watching awe-inspiring videos. We found that both awe experiences deactivated the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) compared to control conditions (positive-awe vs. amusement; threat-awe vs. fear). In addition, positive-awe was associated with increased functional connectivity between the MTG and the cingulate cortex and supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and threat-awe was associated with increased functional connectivity between the MTG and amygdala, as well as between the amygdala and SMG. These findings suggest that the neural mechanisms underlying the complex psychological processes of awe vary as a function of the type of awe. The implications of these results regarding our understanding of the neural basis of awe and the future directions of human social cognition research are discussed.

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