scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with increased middle cerebral arterial compliance and decreased cerebral blood flow in young healthy adults: A pulsed ASL MRI study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1879-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah V Furby ◽  
Esther AH Warnert ◽  
Christopher J Marley ◽  
Damian M Bailey ◽  
Richard G Wise
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cerebral Arterial Compliance

Cardiorespiratory fitness is thought to have beneficial effects on systemic vascular health, in part, by decreasing arterial stiffness. However, in the absence of non-invasive methods, it remains unknown whether this effect extends to the cerebrovasculature. The present study uses a novel pulsed arterial spin labelling (pASL) technique to explore the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and arterial compliance of the middle cerebral arteries (MCAC). Other markers of cerebrovascular health, including resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 (CVRCO2) were also investigated. Eleven healthy males aged 21 ± 2 years with varying levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2MAX) 38–76 ml/min/kg) underwent MRI scanning at 3 Tesla. Higher [Formula: see text]O2MAX was associated with greater MCAC (R2 = 0.64, p < 0.01) and lower resting grey matter CBF (R2 = 0.75, p < 0.01). However, [Formula: see text]O2MAX was not predictive of global grey matter BOLD-based CVR (R2 = 0.47, p = 0.17) or CBF-based CVR (R2 = 0.19, p = 0.21). The current experiment builds upon the established benefits of exercise on arterial compliance in the systemic vasculature, by showing that increased cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with greater cerebral arterial compliance in early adulthood.

scholarly journals Transcranial Doppler Evaluation of the Cerebral Vasculature in Women Patients who Have Migraine with Aura

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3012-3017
Author(s):  
Igor Petrušić ◽  
Ana Podgorac ◽  
Aleksandra Radojičić ◽  
Jasna Zidverc-Trajković
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Sonography ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Left And Right

Abstract Background Previous studies suggest that increased cerebrovascular reactivity might be a feature of patients who have migraine with aura (MwA). The correlation between the clinical presentation of migraine with aura and transcranial Doppler parameters remains unclear. Objective The main aim of this study was to explore cerebral blood flow, vascular resistance, and cerebrovascular reactivity in women MwA. Also, the relationships between hemodynamic conditions and aura characteristics are examined. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Headache Center, Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia. Subjects Fifty-four women MwA and 49 healthy controls (HCs). Methods Transcranial Doppler sonography examination was used to determine blood flow mean velocity (MV) and pulsatility index (PI), as well as breath-holding index (BHI), in 15 arterial segments comprising the circle of Willis. Results A total of 54 women MwA and 49 HCs were studied. The PIs of all segments of the left and right middle cerebral arteries and the left and right anterior cerebral arteries were significantly higher in MwA with regards to HCs. Also, both the left and right BHIs were significantly higher in MwA than HCs. In addition, MVs of the right vertebral artery and the first segment of the basilar artery were significantly lower in MwA than HCs. Longer duration of migraine aura showed a weak negative correlation with the PI of the left posterior cerebral artery. Conclusions Our findings suggest increased vessel pulsatility, abnormal cerebrovascular reactivity, and decreased cerebral blood flow velocity in several arterial segments of the Willis circle in women MwA.

scholarly journals Effects of GV14 Acupuncture on Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity in the Basilar and Middle Cerebral Arteries and CO2 Reactivity during Hypercapnia in Normal Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hyun Ku Lee ◽  
Sang-Kwan Moon ◽  
Chul Jin ◽  
Seung-Yeon Cho ◽  
Seong-Uk Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Sonography ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Co2 Reactivity ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries

The Governing Vessel 14 (GV14) (Dazhui) is one of the acupuncture points referred to as “seven acupoints for stroke.” Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research on the effects of acupuncture treatment at GV14. This study investigated the effects of acupuncture at GV14 on cerebral blood flow (CBF), especially that in the basilar artery (BA) and the middle cerebral arteries (MCA). Sixteen healthy men aged 20 to 29 years were enrolled in this study. CBF velocity and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) were measured using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD). The following were assessed: closed circuit rebreathing- (CCR-) induced carbon dioxide (CO2) reactivity, modified blood flow velocity at 40 mmHg (CV40) on BA and MCAs, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR). Observed results were obtained after comparison with the baseline evaluation. Statistically significant elevations in CO2 reactivity were recorded in the BA (3.28 to 4.70, p < 0.001 ) and MCAs (right: 3.81 to 5.25, p = 0.001 ; left: 3.84 to 5.12, p = 0.005 ) after acupuncture at GV14. The CV40 increased statistically significantly only in the BA (45.49 to 50.41, p = 0.003 ). No change was observed in BP (106.83 to 107.08 (mmHg), p = 0.335 ) and HR (77 to 75 (bpm), p = 0.431 ). Acupuncture at GV14 improved CBF velocity. These results could be explained by the regulation of endothelium-dependent vessel dilation effected by acupuncture. This trial is registered with Korean Clinical Trial Registry (http://cris.nih.go.kr; registration number: KCT0004787).

scholarly journals Cerebrovascular reactivity assessment with O2-CO2 exchange ratio under brief breath hold challenge

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk Tak Chan ◽  
Karleyton C. Evans ◽  
Tian Yue Song ◽  
Juliett Selb ◽  
Andre van der Kouwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Bold Signal ◽  
Signal Changes

AbstractHypercapnia during breath holding is believed to be the dominant driver behind the modulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Here we showed that the cerebrovascular responses to brief breath hold epochs were coupled not only with increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), but also with a decrease in partial pressure of oxygen (PO2). We used transcranial Doppler ultrasound to evaluate the CBF changes during breath holding by measuring the cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) in the middle cerebral arteries, a pair of cerebral arteries that supply most parts of the brain. The regional CBF changes during breath hold epochs were mapped with blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal changes as surrogate of CBF changes using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique. Given the interdependence of the dynamic changes between PCO2 and PO2, we found that the breath-by-breath O2-CO2 exchange ratio (bER), namely the ratio of changes in PO2 (ΔPO2) to changes in PCO2 (ΔPCO2) between end inspiration and end expiration, was superior to either ΔPO2 or ΔPCO2 alone in coupling with the changes of CBFv and BOLD signals under breath hold challenge. The regional cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) results derived by regressing BOLD signal changes on bER under breath hold challenge resembled those derived by regressing BOLD signal changes on end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 (PETCO2) under exogenous CO2 challenge. Our findings provide a novel insight on the potential of using bER to better quantify CVR changes under breath hold challenge, although the physiological mechanisms of cerebrovascular changes underlying breath hold and exogenous CO2 challenges are potentially different.

Effects of cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise training on cerebrovascular blood flow and reactivity: a systematic review with meta-analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Smith ◽  
Faith K. Pizzey ◽  
Christopher D. Askew ◽  
Gregore I. Mielke ◽  
Philip N. Ainslie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Cerebrovascular Resistance ◽  
Global Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: We address two aims; Aim 1 (Fitness Review) compare the effect of higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) (e.g. endurance athletes) with lower CRF (e.g. sedentary adults) on cerebrovascular outcomes, including middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) as assessed by Transcranial Doppler (TCD) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Aim 2 (Exercise Training Review) determine the effect of exercise training on cerebrovascular outcomes. Methods: Systematic review of studies with meta-analyses where appropriate. Certainty of evidence was assessed by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: Twenty studies (18 using TCD) met the eligibility criteria for Aim 1 and 14 studies (8 using TCD) were included for Aim 2. There was a significant effect of higher compared with lower CRF on cerebrovascular resistance index (effect size, 95% confidence interval), (-0.54, -0.91 to -0.16) and cerebrovascular reactivity (0.98, 0.41 to 1.55). Studies including males only demonstrated a greater effect of higher CRF on cerebrovascular resistance index than mixed or female studies (male only: -0.69, -1.06 to -0.32, mixed and female studies (0.10, -0.28 to 0.49). Exercise training did not increase MCAv (0.05, -0.21 to 0.31), although there was a small improvement trending to significant in cerebrovascular reactivity (0.60, -0.08 to 1.28; p=0.09). Exercise training showed heterogeneous effects on regional, but little effect on global cerebral blood flow as measured by MRI. Conclusions: High CRF positively effects cerebrovascular function, including decreased CVRi and increased CVRCO2 however, global cerebral blood flow and MCAv is primarily unchanged following an exercise intervention in healthy and clinical populations.

scholarly journals Concentrations of Estradiol, Progesterone and Testosterone in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Correlate Weakly with Transcranial Doppler Flow Velocities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Martin ◽  
Eva Plank ◽  
Bernhard Ulm ◽  
Jens Gempt ◽  
Maria Wostrack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Blood Flow Velocities ◽  
Flow Velocities

Abstract Background:The implication of the steroids estradiol, progesterone and testosterone in cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has not been comprehensively assessed. In rodents, studies suggested beneficial effects of steroids on cerebral vasospasm after experimental SAH. Studies in humans are warranted, however, a general dilemma of human studies on neuroactive substances is that the brain is not directly accessible and that concentrations in the periphery may not adequately parallel concentrations in the central compartments. In the present study, concentrations of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with aSAH were determined. Blood flow velocities in cerebral arteries were measured by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the cerebral blood flow velocities and levels of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone in CSF and serum.Results:Samples of serum and CSF of 42 patients with aSAH were collected concomitantly daily or every other day via the arterial line and the external ventricular drainage for two weeks after the hemorrhage. Blood flow velocities in the cerebral arteries were determined by TCD. Total estradiol, progesterone and testosterone concentrations were measured by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay. The strength of correlation was assessed by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The correlation analysis revealed very weak correlations between cerebral blood flow velocities and concentrations of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone levels in both compartments with correlation coefficients below 0.2.Conclusions:In humans with aSAH, merely very weak correlations between flow velocities of cerebral arteries and concentrations of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone in serum and CSF were demonstrated. The relevance of steroids on cerebral vasospasm in humans remains unclear although beneficial effects were described in rodent studies. Pathways leading to neurological deterioration linked and unlinked to cerebral vasospasm remain complex and possibly interrelated. Thus, the implication of steroids in cerebral vasospasm or other processes of neurological deterioration warrants further clarification.

scholarly journals Impact of age on cerebrovascular dilation versus reactivity to hypercapnia

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 344-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole S Coverdale ◽  
Mark B Badrov ◽  
J Kevin Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Dilatory Response ◽  
Central Hemodynamic

This study quantified the effect of age on cerebrovascular reactivity and cerebrovascular conductance while accounting for differences in grey matter volume in younger (YA: n = 12; 24 ± 4 years, six females) and older adults (OA: n = 10; 66 ± 7 years; five females). Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV; transcranial Doppler) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA), MCA cross-sectional area (CSA), intracranial volumes (magnetic resonance imaging), and mean arterial pressure (MAP; Finometer), were measured under normocapnic and hypercapnic (6% carbon dioxide) conditions. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was quantified from CBFV and MCA CSA and normalized to grey matter volume. Grey matter volume was 719 ± 98 mL in YA and 622 ± 50 mL in OA ( P = 0.009). Cerebrovascular reactivity (%ΔCBF/ΔPETCO2) was not different between YA and OA. In contrast, cerebrovascular conductance (CBF/MAP) in response to hypercapnia was reduced in OA ( P = 0.02). Of note, MAP increased more with hypercapnia in OA compared with YA. Therefore, the central hemodynamic response to hypercapnia compensated for a diminished dilatory response downstream from the MCA so that the CBF response to hypercapnia per unit of brain mass was not affected by age. This impairment was not detected by traditional measures of cerebrovascular reactivity.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cerebral Blood Flow Pulsatility and Cerebral Arterial Compliance With 4D Flow MRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1516-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelene Holmgren ◽  
Anders Wåhlin ◽  
Tora Dunås ◽  
Jan Malm ◽  
Anders Eklund
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
4D Flow Mri ◽  
4D Flow ◽  
Flow Pulsatility ◽  
Flow Mri ◽  
Cerebral Arterial Compliance

The effect of I.V. L-NG Methylarginine Hydrochloride (L-NMMA: 546C88) on Basal and Acetazolamide (Diamox®) induced Changes of Blood Velocity in Cerebral Arteries and Regional Cerebral Blood flow in Man

Cephalalgia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
LH Lassen ◽  
B Sperling ◽  
AR Andersen ◽  
J Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Blood Velocity ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Cerebral Arterioles ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Oxide Synthase

The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of Nitric Oxide synthase (NOS)-inhibition (L-NMMA) on the diameter of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Furthermore, to assess the effect of L-NMMA on acetazolamide induced increases in MCA blood velocity (Vmean) and rCBF. In an open crossover design 12 healthy subjects attended the laboratory twice. The first day 6 mg/kg L-LNMMA i.v. over 15 min preceded 1 g acetazolamide iv over 5 min. Eight days later only acetazolamide was given. Vmean in MCA was determined with transcranial Doppler (TCD) and rCBF with Xe-133 inhalation SPECT at baseline, after L-NMMA and 25 and 55 min after acetazolamide infusion. After L-NMMA the decrease in rCBFMCA was 6.8% (± 7.4) ( P < 0.019, n = 12), whereas Vmean was not affected ( P = 0.83, n = 8). The change in MCA diameter was estimated to -1.3% ( P = 0.44, n = 8). L-NMMA did not affect acetazolamide increases in Vmean ( P = 0.67, n = 8) nor rCBF ( P = 0.29, n = 12). The percentage increase of Vmean was 1.5 times that of rCBF ( n = 8). Our data suggest that the basal tone of human cerebral arterioles but not of conduit arteries is NO-dependent. The action of acetazolamide in man is not NO-dependent.

Is Innervation a Prime Regulator of Cerebral Blood Flow?

Physiology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Bevan ◽  
RD Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Pial Artery ◽  
Neural Influences

Pial artery diameter is likely to be regulated by local effects of pressure and flow, since there is little evidence for neural influences on these vessels. The larger cerebral arteries are influenced by the same constrictor and dilator neural outflows that are distributed to many other tissues of the head.

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