scholarly journals Defensive Medicine Practices: Scale Development and Validation

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272989X2110430
Author(s):  
Özgün Ünal ◽  
Mahmut Akbolat
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Defensive Medicine ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Marginal Benefit ◽  
Physician Decision Making ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Reliable Scale

Aim Defensive medicine refers to practices with low marginal benefit to patients that doctors may undertake to protect themselves from legal liability. We aimed to develop a scale to measure the practice of defensive medicine. Method We identified aspects of defensive medicine previously reported in the literature and conducted and analyzed semi-structured interviews with 21 physicians in Sakarya to augment and clarify these aspects between May 15, 2018, and June 15, 2018. Informed by these results, we developed, pilot tested, refined, and fielded a 10-item survey to 1724 doctors in Turkey between April 1, 2019, and July 16, 2019. We examined the psychometric properties of the scale using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Results The 10-item scale provided measures of 2 factors: positive defensive medicine (assurance) and negative defensive medicine (avoidance), with Cronbach’s alpha >0.8 for the scale and both subscales in both the EFA and CFA subsamples and excellent goodness-of-fit measures. Conclusions We developed a highly reliable scale to measure positive and negative defensive medicine practice that may be suitable for future research on physician decision making.

Development of the Fear of Intimacy Components Questionnaire (FICQ)

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pedro Sobral ◽  
Maria Emília Costa
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fear Of Intimacy ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract. We developed a new instrument designed to measure fear of intimacy in romantic relationships. We suggest assessing fear of intimacy through two dimensions: self-revelation and dependence. The Fear of Intimacy Components Questionnaire (FICQ) was validated across three studies in which a 10-item solution systematically emerged. Consistently with a two component perspective, a two-factor solution fitted data the best: fear of losing the self (FLS) and fear of losing the other (FLO). Qualitative analyses verified content validity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses tested the factor structure. Multigroup analyses supported the structural invariance across gender, age, and relationship status. Both factors showed adequate discriminant validity and internal consistency, and good 3-week period test-retest reliability. Associations between the FICQ and insecure attachment orientations demonstrated convergent validity. The association between the FICQ and relationship satisfaction above and beyond a preexisting measure offered criterion validity. By going beyond traditional self-revelation-focused conception of fear of intimacy, that is, by proposing a bi-dimensional structure to fear of intimacy, we believe that this new measure will contribute to future research on fear of intimacy.

scholarly journals Workaholism in Korea: Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudol Kang
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Work Addiction ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Nationally Representative

This study has two objectives – to provide a Korean form of the workaholism analysis questionnaire, and to analyze workaholic tendencies in South Korea by using a nationally representative data. Using 4,242 samples (2,497 men and 1,745 women), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to develop a Korean form (K-WAQ). The four-factor structure of K-WAQ in this study seemed to adequately represent the underlying dimensions of work addiction in Korea. The study also analyzed the prevalence of workaholism among Koreans and its differences according to socio-demographic variables. Both mean difference analyses and logistic regressions were conducted. The overall result indicated that the prevalence of workaholism in Korea can be estimated to be 39.7% of the employees. The workaholic tendencies in Korea differ significantly according to gender, age, work hours, and voluntariness of choosing employment type. Practical as well as theoretical implications and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Examining Boyhood Masculinity Within an Irish Context: An Assessment of the Reliability and Structural Validity of the Meanings of Adolescent Masculinity Scale and the Adolescent Masculinity Ideology in Relationships Scale

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110231
Author(s):  
Joshua W. Katz ◽  
Todd G. Morrison ◽  
Cormac Ó Beaglaoich
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Structural Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Masculinity Ideology ◽  
Irish Context ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The Meanings of Adolescent Masculinity Scale (MAMS) and the Adolescent Masculinity Ideology in Relationships Scale (AMIRS) were designed by American researchers to assess masculinity in adolescent boys. Given that masculinities differ cross-culturally, though, these scales may not be viable for use with non-American populations. In the current study, 221 Irish adolescents completed the MAMS and the AMIRS. Using confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs), the MAMS’s and the AMIRS’s factor structures were tested. Results indicated poor goodness-of-fit in both cases. Attempts to improve the models were unsuccessful. Accordingly, neither the MAMS nor the AMIRS appear to be structurally valid within an Irish context. We recommend that researchers consider cultural variations when designing, validating, and utilizing indicators of masculinity.

scholarly journals Validation and psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Fear of Missing Out Scale in adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Veronika Sakti Kaloeti ◽  
Ayu Kurnia S ◽  
Valentino Marcel Tahamata
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
General Health ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Fear Of Missing Out ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Fit Index

Abstract Background This study’s main purpose was to examine the psychometric properties of FoMOs’ adaptation among the Indonesian adolescents’ population. The second aim was to investigate the concurrent validity of the Indonesian version to provide evidence for the validity. Also, FoMOs’ difference level between demographic variance analyses was performed. Method The study involved a cross-sectional online survey design with 638 Indonesian adolescents aged 16–24 (M = 19.08, SD = 14.70). FoMO was measured by a 16-item that has been modified from the original 10-item. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out to study its scores’ evidence of structural validity. Besides, to study its scores’ evidence of convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity concerning other variables such as stress, anxiety, and depression (Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale-21), and general health condition (General Health Questionnaire Scale-12), correlation analyses were conducted. To study the sensitivity, we assessed the effect of sociodemographic and social media use on the scale’s ability to identify the population’s risk to the FoMO by conducting analyses of variance. The Cronbach alpha values (α = .93) indicated that internal consistency of the scale was at an adequate level. Results Exploratory factorial analyses revealed adequate adjustment for the new version of the scale showing the three factorial structures. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the 12-item of Indonesian FoMO had a good fit (χ2/df = 289.324/51; goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.928; RMSEA = 0.086; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.915; normed fit index (NFI) = 0.899; parsimony normed fit index (PNFI) = .695; Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) = 0.890). Conclusion This study has shown that the modified 12-item Fear of Missing Out Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for Indonesian adolescents. It showed that the Indonesian version of Fear of Missing Out Scale has adequate psychometric properties to measure Indonesian adolescents’ online behavior.

Technical Adequacy of the Positive Experiences at School Scale With Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler L. Renshaw
Keyword(s):  
Grade Level ◽  
School Connectedness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Technical Adequacy ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Black African ◽  
Means Testing ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Scale Characteristics ◽  
Current Sample

The present study reports on an investigation of the generalizability of the technical adequacy of the Positive Experience at School Scale (PEASS) with a sample of students ( N = 1,002) who differed substantially in age/grade level (i.e., adolescents in middle school as opposed to children in elementary school) and ethnic identity (i.e., majority Black/African American as opposed to majority Latino/a) in comparison with the measure’s primary development sample. Findings from confirmatory factor analyses indicated the original latent structure of the PEASS was tenable in the current sample and that the measure was invariant across gender and grade level, with some small demographic differences identified via latent means testing. Additional psychometric findings regarding the technical adequacy of the PEASS with this sample, including its observed scale characteristics and simulated classification utility with criterion measures of academic self-efficacy and school connectedness, are also presented. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Discretionary Effort and the Performance Domain

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Discretionary Effort ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Three Factor

AbstractThis study had two main aims. (1) To examine the role of discretionary effort (DE) in the multidimensional performance domain consisting of in-role behaviour (IRB) and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB); and (2) to assess whether skills and autonomy are important predictors of DE and show variance in common with DE over and above IRB and OCB. A managers/supervisors sample (n = 476) and a sample with both managerial and nonmanagerial employees (n = 424) were employed. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the three factor hierarchical model was superior compared to three other models tested, indicating that DE is a separate construct to both IRB and OCB but together with these forms part of the performance domain. Regression analysis showed that both skills and autonomy are important predictors of DE; however, only autonomy explained variance in DE over and above IRB, OCB and skills. Together these results add to the construct validity of DE. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Development of a Uniquely South African Leadership Questionnaire

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann H. Spangenberg ◽  
Callie C. Theron
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Emerging Leadership ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Unit Performance

This paper describes the development of a leadership questionnaire the aim of which is to assess the behaviours required to lead change and transformation, while at the same time managing organisational unit performance effectively. A Delphi technique was used to facilitate the identification and testing of emerging leadership dimensions and items, starting with a three-stage model of charismatic leadership, The resultant leadership model comprises four stages, measured as 21 dimensions. The research questionnaire consists of 235 items. The questionnaire was field tested by means of 360° assessment conducted amongst 189 unit managers from a diverse group of organisations. Seven hundred and fifty completed questionnaires were obtained. Unrestricted principal component analyses were performed on each of the sub-scales (dimensions) to examine the unidimensionality assumption. This procedure resulted in the formation of three additional sub-scales. Item analyses on each of the sub-scales produced highly satisfactory Cronbach Alpha values. Further confirmatory factor analyses using LISREL were conducted on each of the 24 sub-scales. A series of goodness-of-fit indices generally showed satisfactory results. Overall, results indicate that a 96-item questionnaire format consisting of 24 dimensions with four items each (selected on the basis of factor loadings) could be used with confidence. Recommendations are made for further research.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Georgian Version of the Grit Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Natia SORDIA ◽  
Khatuna MARTSKVISHVILI
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The concept of grit refers to an individual’s tendency to keep perseverance and passion for long-term goals despite setbacks or obstacles. The present research examines the psychometric properties of the Georgian version of the Grit. 431 individuals participated in the study. Results from the confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) supported a two-dimensional higher-order structure of grit. The relationship with big five personality traits, creative activities, creative achievements, and psychological well-being demonstrated the construct validity of the Georgian version of the Grit Scale (G-Grit). The Georgian version of the Grit Scale seems well suited for future research purposes. Key words: Grit, Personality Traits, Creative Activities, Creative Achievements, Psychological Well-Being. 

scholarly journals Validation of a Questionnaire Developed to Evaluate a Pediatric eHealth Website for Parents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno José Nievas Soriano ◽  
Sonia García Duarte ◽  
Ana María Fernández Alonso ◽  
Antonio Bonillo Perales ◽  
Tesifón Parrón Carreño
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Content Validation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
Confirmatory Analysis ◽  
Adequate Internal Consistency

There is a need for health professionals to provide parents with not only evidence-based child health websites but also instruments to evaluate them. The main aim of this research was to develop a questionnaire for measuring users’ evaluation of the usability, utility, confidence, the well-child section, and the accessibility of a Spanish pediatric eHealth website for parents. We further sought to evaluate the content validity and psychometric reliability of the instrument. A content validation study by expert review was performed, and the questionnaire was pilot tested. Psychometric analyses were used to establish scales through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Reliability studies were performed using Cronbach’s alpha and two split-half methods. The content validation of the questionnaire by experts was considered as excellent. The pilot web survey was completed by 516 participants. The exploratory factor analysis excluded 27 of the 41 qualitative initial items. The confirmatory factor analysis of the resultant 14-item questionnaire confirmed the five initial domains detected in the exploratory confirmatory analysis. The goodness of fit for the competing models was established through fit indices and confirmed the previously established domains. Adequate internal consistency was found for each of the subscales as well as the overall scale.

Development and Validation of the Romantic Love Myths Questionnaire

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051989295
Author(s):  
Laura Lara ◽  
Verónica Gómez-Urrutia
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
Initial Questionnaire ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Adequate Internal Consistency

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to measure love myths among Chilean youth. Items created based on review of available literature were refined through experts’ revisions and participant focus groups. The initial questionnaire was applied to 1,538 high school and university students, aged between 14 and 24 years old. Exploratory factor analysis performed with half of the sample led to a 10-item questionnaire, grouped in two factors: idealization and love–abuse. Confirmatory factor analyses conducted with the other half of the sample corroborated this factorial structure. Reliability analyses indicated an adequate internal consistency, and correlations with dating violence and quality of relationship provide evidence on its concurrent validity. Complementary, results showed that females endorse more idealization and males love–abuse, and adolescents scored higher in both dimensions than emerging adults.

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