Rifampicin in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Onsy Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Resolution ◽  
Endemic Areas

A study is described which aimed at assessing the efficacy of rifampicin in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. A total of thirteen patients suffering from this condition were admitted to the study and were given rifampicin 600 mg daily. Three patients dropped out due to reasons unconnected with the trial and one patient left when the lesions improved appreciably and continued treatment abroad. The remaining patients continued under treatment until clinical resolution was attained, and this occurred in a period of one to four months. The author was impressed by the marked clinical resolution and the lack of scarring and side-effects, and recommends that further trials be carried out in the endemic areas where more cases can readily be found, treated and observed for longer periods of time than in this study.

scholarly journals Comparison of Oral Zinc Sulfate with Systemic Meglumine Antimoniate in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Javad Yazdanpanah ◽  
Mahnaz Banihashemi ◽  
Fakhrozaman Pezeshkpoor ◽  
Mohammad Khajedaluee ◽  
Sororozaman Famili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Meglumine Antimoniate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to investigate comparison between oral zinc sulfate and meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). So 100 patients with CL were included and randomly divided into two groups. The first group was treated with oral zinc sulfate (10 mg/kg/day during 45 days period), and the second group was treated with systemic meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/kg/day intramuscularly for 20 days). Acceptable cure after completing 45 days of followup occurred in 30.2% of lesions in first group, while this was 35.5% for the second group. There is not any significant difference between the two treatment groups (P=0.42). Serious side effects resulting in treatment discounting occurred in only meglumine antimoniate group. Although cure rate of systemic meglumine antimoniate group was better the treatment with zinc sulfate is much easier, cheaper, more convenient in consumption, safer, and nearly close cure percentage to systemic meglumine antimoniate injections without serious side effect.

American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Horses from Endemic Areas in the North-Central Mesoregion of Paraná State, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vedovello Filho ◽  
F. A. Jorge ◽  
M. V. C. Lonardoni ◽  
U. Teodoro ◽  
T. G. V. Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Areas

scholarly journals Impact of climate variability on the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Khuzestan Province, southwestern Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Azimi ◽  
Sadegh Shirian ◽  
Saranaz Jangjoo ◽  
Arman Ai ◽  
Tahereh Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Southwestern Iran ◽  
Rainy Days

Leishmaniasis, one of the most important parasitic diseases worldwide, is frequently cited with respect to health risks related to climate change. The current variability of the climate may have different impacts on the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) depending on the various Leishmania species. The number and distribution of CL cases in Khuzestan Province, Southwestern Iran was analysed over the 2010-2014 period with regard to temperature, humidity, rainfall, sunshine hours, evaporation and wind-related climate issues. During the study period, there were 4672 recorded clinical cases of CL, the incidence of which was found to fall into three types of areas, such as high, intermediate and low-level endemic areas. Compared to the intermediate and low-endemic areas, the hyper-endemic areas showed significantly variable meteorological data with regard to rainy days, maximum/minimum temperature and humidity. Decreased temperatures in the eastern part of this province were found to promote the disease towards its centre. We conclude that the meteorological variables and incidence data of CL indicate that the number of rainy days, maximum and minimum temperatures and relative humidity are significant variables that can predict CL incidence. Indeed, the substantial climatic variability occurring during the recent 5-year period (2010-2014) in Khuzestan Province could be the main reason for the change in epidemiology and transmission of CL.

scholarly journals NEPHROTOXICITY ATTRIBUTED TO MEGLUMINE ANTIMONIATE (GLUCANTIME) IN THE TREATMENT OF GENERALIZED CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L.O. RODRIGUES ◽  
R.S. COSTA ◽  
C.S. SOUZA ◽  
N.T. FOSS ◽  
A.M.F. ROSELINO
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urine Osmolarity ◽  
Hepatic Enzyme ◽  
Meglumine Antimoniate ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Electrocardiographic Abnormalities

Background: Pentavalent antimonials have became of basic importance for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Their most severe side effects have been reported to be increased hepatic enzyme levels and electrocardiographic abnormalities. Nephrotoxicity has been rarely related. Observations: We report a case of generalized cutaneous leishmaniasis involving a 50-year old male patient who was submitted to treatment with meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime). He developed acute renal failure (ARF) due to acute tubular necrosis (ATN), followed by death after receiving a total of 53 ampoules of Glucantime. Conclusions: The treatment with Glucantime was responsible by ARF diagnosed in this patient. The previous urine osmolarity and serum creatinine levels were normal and the autopsy showed ATN. It should be pointed out if ARF may also be explained by massive deposits of immunocomplexes by leishmania antibodies and antigens due to the antigenic break by the antimonial compound, since our patient presented countless lesions covering the entire tegument, similar to the Hexheimer phenomenon, but at the autopsy no glomerular alterations were seen.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants With Antileishmanial Properties: A Review Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Gharirvand Eskandari ◽  
Mahbubeh Setorki ◽  
Monir Doudi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Leishmania Parasites

Background: Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by various species of the Leishmania parasites. An effective vaccine or drug to prevent the infestation or a suitable medication to cure the disease without side effects has not been provided yet. Objectives: The use of medicinal herbs in the treatment of many diseases, especially parasitic ones, dates back to prehistoric times. This article is a review study on these herbs used for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Methods: In this regard, we searched PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. We prepared this review on the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with medicinal plants because of the prevalence of this disease, chemical drugs’ failure to fully control it, increase in the number of reports on drug resistance, and contradictory research on the side effects of synthetic drugs. Results: In general, the use of medicinal herbs for the treatment of various diseases has a long history. Because of Iran’s diverse climate and flora, we have the potential to identify the active herbal ingredients in different indigenous plants of the country and extract them to produce them on an industrial scale. Conclusion: In this article, several herbs used to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis from the past to today in Iran and other countries are studied and evaluated.

scholarly journals Miltefosine for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis—A pilot study from Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0009460
Author(s):  
Saskia van Henten ◽  
Annisa Befekadu Tesfaye ◽  
Seid Getahun Abdela ◽  
Feleke Tilahun ◽  
Helina Fikre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Tablet Form ◽  
Leishmania Aethiopica ◽  
Mucosal Involvement ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Good Improvement ◽  
Favorable Side Effect Profile

Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Ethiopia, caused by Leishmania aethiopica, is often severe and hard to treat compared to CL caused by other species elsewhere. Miltefosine is the only oral anti-leishmanial drug, with a favorable side-effect profile compared to routinely available sodium stibogluconate (SSG), but evidence about its use for L. aethiopica is lacking. Methodology and principal findings In an observational cohort study, treatment outcomes, safety and adherence among CL patients who required systemic treatment and received miltefosine for 28 days in Boru Meda Hospital and University of Gondar Hospital were studied. Patient cure was defined as 100% flattening for non-ulcerated lesions and 100% flattening and 100% re-epithelization for ulcerated lesions. Outcomes were documented for day 28, 90 and 180, both per site, and pooled, adjusting for site as a fixed effect with effect coding. Among 94 included patients (32 in Gondar, 62 in Boru Meda), median lesion duration was 12 months, median size six cm, and mucosal involvement (46.8%) and diffuse (30.9%) lesions were common. Adherence to miltefosine was good, and side-effects were tolerable. Initial outcomes at day 28 were promising, with 68.8% and 94.0% of patients having good improvement or cure in Gondar and Boru Meda respectively. In Boru Meda, outcomes were good with 72.7% and 72.9% cure at day 90 and day 180 respectively. In Gondar, results were less promising, with only 12.5% and 26.7% cure at day 90 and day 180, although confidence intervals were wide. In pooled estimates, 48.7% of patients reached cure at day 180, and 32.3% relapsed. Outcomes were better in Boru Meda Hospital, for smaller lesions and for mucosal lesions. Conclusions/Significance Based on miltefosine’s good initial response, tolerable side-effects, tablet-form, we propose to include miltefosine for future clinical trials using extended treatment schedules, combination therapy, or targeting specific subgroups. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04004754.

scholarly journals Population Genetics of Phlebotomus papatasi from Endemic and Nonendemic Areas for Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Morocco, as Revealed by Cytochrome Oxidase Gene Subunit I Sequencing

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souad Guernaoui ◽  
Omar Hamarsheh ◽  
Deborah Garcia ◽  
Didier Fontenille ◽  
Denis Sereno
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
High Atlas ◽  
Atlas Mountains ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
High Atlas Mountains ◽  
Endemic Areas

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) caused by Leishmania major Yakimoff & Shokhor and transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) is a public health concern in Morocco. The disease is endemic mainly in pre-Saharan regions on the southern slope of the High Atlas Mountains. The northern slope of the High Atlas Mountains and the arid plains of central Morocco remain non-endemic and are currently considered high risk for ZCL. Here we investigate and compare the population genetic structure of P. papatasi populations sampled in various habitats in historical foci and non-endemic ZCL areas. A fragment of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified and sequenced in 59 individuals from 10 P. papatasi populations. Haplotype diversity was probed, a median-joining network was generated (FST) and molecular variance (AMOVA) were analyzed. Overall, we identified 28 haplotypes with 32 distinct segregating sites, of which seven are parsimony informative. The rate of private haplotypes was high; 20 haplotypes (71.4%) are private ones and exclusive to a single population. The phylogenetic tree and the network reconstructed highlight a genetic structuration of these populations in two well defined groups: Ouarzazate (or endemic areas) and Non-Ouarzazate (or nonendemic areas). These groups are separated by the High Atlas Mountains. Overall, our study highlights differences in terms of population genetics between ZCL endemic and non-endemic areas. To what extent such differences would impact the transmission of L. major by natural P. papatasi population remains to be investigated.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Antibody Response to the Saliva of Phlebotomus papatasi in People Living in Endemic Areas of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumaya Marzouki ◽  
Nabil Belhaj Hamida ◽  
Abdelkader Namane ◽  
Nissaf Ben Aleya-Bouafif ◽  
Maha Abdeladhim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Endemic Areas

scholarly journals Cutaneous leishmaniasis and related tissue helminthiasis (review)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
M. D. Akhmedova ◽  
J. A. Anvarov ◽  
U. T. Suvonkulov ◽  
D. B. Mirzajonova ◽  
S. O. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Th1 Response

Epidemiology of cutaneous leismaniasis is considered, CL morbidity remains rather high and it is increasing in Uzbekistan. The main medicines in leishmaniasis treatment are pentavalent antimonials which are characterized by toxicity and resistance development, and amphotericin B. Amphotericin B is toxic too and has a lot of contraindications and side effects. Medicines with reparative and antioxidant properties are assumed to positively influence the CL course, not only leishmanicidal preparations. Protective immunity in CL mediated by Th1 response is analyzed. Expediency of examination of patients with CL for helminthiases inducing opposite Th2-response as well as studies of concomitant helminthiases influence on the CL course are discussed. 

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