scholarly journals Cutaneous leishmaniasis and related tissue helminthiasis (review)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
M. D. Akhmedova ◽  
J. A. Anvarov ◽  
U. T. Suvonkulov ◽  
D. B. Mirzajonova ◽  
S. O. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Th1 Response

Epidemiology of cutaneous leismaniasis is considered, CL morbidity remains rather high and it is increasing in Uzbekistan. The main medicines in leishmaniasis treatment are pentavalent antimonials which are characterized by toxicity and resistance development, and amphotericin B. Amphotericin B is toxic too and has a lot of contraindications and side effects. Medicines with reparative and antioxidant properties are assumed to positively influence the CL course, not only leishmanicidal preparations. Protective immunity in CL mediated by Th1 response is analyzed. Expediency of examination of patients with CL for helminthiases inducing opposite Th2-response as well as studies of concomitant helminthiases influence on the CL course are discussed. 

scholarly journals Immunization with a Toll-Like Receptor 7 and/or 8 Agonist Vaccine Adjuvant Increases Protective Immunity against Leishmania major in BALB/c Mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 3777-3783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Wei Zhang ◽  
Greg Matlashewski
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Th1 Response ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Antigen Presenting

ABSTRACT Activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on antigen-presenting cells of the innate immune system initiates, amplifies, and directs the antigen-specific acquired immune response. Ligands that stimulate TLRs therefore represent potential vaccine adjuvants. In the present study, we determined whether imiquimod and its related compound R848, which are TLR7 and/or TLR8 agonists, represent potential vaccine adjuvants when delivered topically, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly. Using the Leishmania major infection model in BALB/c mice, vaccination with crude Leishmania antigen was not protective against subsequent challenge infection unless it was administered with R848 or a topical application of imiquimod containing cream on the skin. Subcutaneous vaccination with these adjuvants mediated a TH1 response against L. major antigen, which appeared to suppress the TH2 response following a challenge infection. Protective immunity was generated following subcutaneous vaccination but not intramuscular vaccination. These observations suggest that topically administered imiquimod or subcutaneously injected R848 represent potential vaccine adjuvants to enhance the TH1 response, which can be used with existing or new vaccine formulations.

scholarly journals A Case of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Responding to Systemic Liposomal Amphotericin B Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
Esra Çakmak Taşkın ◽  
Hatice Büşra Kütükçü ◽  
Hatice Kübra Konca ◽  
Gül Arga ◽  
Halil Özdemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Pentavalent Antimony ◽  
Insufficient Response ◽  
Cutaneous Form

Leishmania is a vector-induced endemic tropical disease caused by protozoans. The most common cutaneous, mucosal and visceral forms are the cutaneous form. The main drugs in treatment are pentavalent antimony compounds, but their side effects create limitation of use. Local antimony compounds are used primarily in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. In some cases, alternative treatment modalities are required due to insufficient response to local treatment. Systemic amphotericin B treatment is one of the alternative treatments. In a patient who developed cutaneous Leishmania at 21 months and who did not respond with local meglumine antimoniate therapy, a total of 21 mg/kg dose of systemic amphotericin B was given intermittently and successful results were obtained.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Topical Liposomal Amphotericin B versus Intralesional Meglumine Antimoniate (Glucantime) in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouran Layegh ◽  
Omid Rajabi ◽  
Mahmoud Reza Jafari ◽  
Parisa Emamgholi Tabar Malekshah ◽  
Toktam Moghiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin B ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Treatment Side Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinical Responses

Background. Topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis is an attractive alternative avoiding toxicities of parenteral therapy while being administered through a simple painless route. Recently liposomal formulations of amphotericin B have been increasingly used in the treatment of several types of leishmaniasis.Aims. The efficacy of a topical liposomal amphotericin B formulation was compared with intralesional glucantime in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.Methods. From 110 patients, the randomly selected 50 received a topical liposomal formulation of amphotericin B into each lesion, 3–7 drops twice daily, according to the lesion's size and for 8 weeks. The other group of 60 patients received intralesional glucantime injection of 1-2 mL once a week for the same period. The clinical responses and side effects of both groups were evaluated weekly during the treatment course.Results. Per-protocol analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (, 95% confidence interval (0.632–4.101)). Moreover, after intention-to-treat analysis, the same results were seen (, 95% (0.560–2.530)). Serious post treatment side effects were not observed in either group.Conclusions. Topical liposomal amphotericin B has the same efficacy as intralesional glucantime in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals A Case of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Responding to Systemic Liposomal Amphotericin B Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Esra Çakmak Taşkın ◽  
Hatice Büşra Kütükçü ◽  
Hatice Kübra Konca ◽  
Gül Arga ◽  
Halil Özdemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Pentavalent Antimony ◽  
Insufficient Response ◽  
Cutaneous Form

Leishmania is a vector-induced endemic tropical disease caused by protozoans. The most common cutaneous, mucosal and visceral forms are the cutaneous form. The main drugs in treatment are pentavalent antimony compounds, but their side effects create limitation of use. Local antimony compounds are used primarily in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. In some cases, alternative treatment modalities are required due to insufficient response to local treatment. Systemic amphotericin B treatment is one of the alternative treatments. In a patient who developed cutaneous leishmania at 21 months and who did not respond with local meglumine antimoniate therapy, a total of 21 mg / kg dose of systemic amphotericin B was given intermittently and successful results were obtained.

scholarly journals Black and white teas as potential agents to combine with amphotericin B and protect red blood cells from amphotericin B-mediated toxicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Oliveira ◽  
N. M. Khalil ◽  
E. Carraro
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Fungicidal Substance

Abstract Amphotericin B is a fungicidal substance that is treatment of choice for most systemic fungal infections affecting immunocompromised patients. However, severe side effects have limited the utility of this drug. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal effect of the combination of amphotericin B with black tea or white tea and protective of citotoxic effect. The present study shows that white and black teas have additive effects with amphotericin B against some species Candida. In addition, the combination of white and black tea with amphotericin B may reduce the toxicity of amphotericin B to red blood cells. Our results suggest that white and black tea is a potential agent to combine with amphotericin for antifungal efficacy and to reduce the amphotericin dose to lessen side effects.

scholarly journals Comparison of Oral Zinc Sulfate with Systemic Meglumine Antimoniate in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Javad Yazdanpanah ◽  
Mahnaz Banihashemi ◽  
Fakhrozaman Pezeshkpoor ◽  
Mohammad Khajedaluee ◽  
Sororozaman Famili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Meglumine Antimoniate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to investigate comparison between oral zinc sulfate and meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). So 100 patients with CL were included and randomly divided into two groups. The first group was treated with oral zinc sulfate (10 mg/kg/day during 45 days period), and the second group was treated with systemic meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/kg/day intramuscularly for 20 days). Acceptable cure after completing 45 days of followup occurred in 30.2% of lesions in first group, while this was 35.5% for the second group. There is not any significant difference between the two treatment groups (P=0.42). Serious side effects resulting in treatment discounting occurred in only meglumine antimoniate group. Although cure rate of systemic meglumine antimoniate group was better the treatment with zinc sulfate is much easier, cheaper, more convenient in consumption, safer, and nearly close cure percentage to systemic meglumine antimoniate injections without serious side effect.

scholarly journals Protection of C57BL/10 mice by vaccination with association of purified proteins from Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Mariela MORA ◽  
Wilson MAYRINK ◽  
Roberto Teodoro da COSTA ◽  
Carlos Alberto da COSTA ◽  
Odair GENARO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Leishmania Amazonensis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

In the past few years, induction of protective immunity to cutaneous leishmaniasis has been attempted by many researchers using a variety of antigenic preparations, such as living promastigotes or promastigote extracts, partially purified, or defined proteins. In this study, eleven proteins from Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis (LLa) with estimated molecular mass ranging from 97 to 13.5kDa were isolated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electro-elution. The proteins were associated as vaccine in different preparations with gp63 and BCG (Bacilli Calmette-Guérin). The antigenicity of these vaccines was measured by their ability to induce the production of IFN-<FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font> by lymphocyte from subjects vaccinated with Leishvacin<FONT FACE="Symbol">â</font> . The immunogenicity was evaluated in vaccinated mice. C57BL/10 mice were vaccinated with three doses of each vaccine consisting of 30 <FONT FACE="Symbol">m</font>g of each protein at 15 days interval. One hundred <FONT FACE="Symbol">m</font>g of live BCG was only used in the first dose. Seven days after the last dose, they received a first challenge infection with 105 infective promastigotes and four months later, a second challenge was done. Two months after the second challenge, 42.86% of protection was obtained in the group of mice vaccinated with association of proteins of gp63+46+22kDa, gp63+13.5+25+42kDa, gp63+46+42kDa, gp63+66kDa, and gp63+97kDa; 57.14% of protection was demonstrated with gp63+46+97+13.5kDa, gp63+46+97kDa, gp63+46+33kDa, and 71.43% protection for gp63 plus all proteins. The vaccine of gp63+46+40kDa that did not protect the mice, despite the good specific stimulation of lymphocytes (LSI = 7.60) and 10.77UI/ml of IFN-<FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font> production. When crude extract of L. (L.) amazonensis was used with BCG a 57.14% of protection was found after the first challenge and 28.57% after the second, the same result was observed for gp63. The data obtained with the vaccines can suggest that the future vaccine probably have to contain, except the 40kDa, a cocktail of proteins that would protect mice against cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Drug Information

2019 ◽  
pp. 299-698
Author(s):  
John G. Bartlett ◽  
Robert R. Redfield ◽  
Paul A. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Drug Information ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Pegylated Interferon

Abstract: This chapter is about pharmacology, side effects, and drug interactions of various drugs, including abacavir (ABC), acyclovir, Amphotericin B, atazanavir (ATV), atorvastatin, atovaquone, azithromycin, azoles, bedaquiline, bictegravir (BIC), bupropion, buspirone, caspofungin, cidofovir, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, clotrimazole, cobicistat (COBI), dapsone, darunavir (DRV), daunorubicin citrate liposome, didanosine (ddI), dolutegravir (DTG), doxycycline, efavirenz (EFV), emtricitabine (FTC), elvitegravir (EVG), enfuvirtide (T-20), entecavir, erythropoietin, ethambutol, etravirine (ETR), fentanyl, fluconazole, flucytosine, fluoxetine, fosamprenavir (FPV), ibalizumab-uiyk (Trogarzo), indinavir (IDV), itraconazole, lamivudine (3TC), leucovorin, lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), maraviroc (MVC), methadone, nelfinavir (NFP), nevirapine (NVP), oxandrolone, paromomycin, pegylated interferon, pentamidine, pravastatin, pyrazinamide, pyrimethamine, raltegravir (RAL), ribavirin, rifabutin, rifampin, rilpivirine (RPV), ritonavir (RTV), saquinavir (SQV), stavudine (d4T), sulfadiazine, tenofovir (TDF and TAF), testosterone, thalidomide, tipranavir (TPV), trazodone, trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, voriconazole,zidovudine, and Hep C antiviral agents.

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