scholarly journals Pathologic Features of the Intervertebral Disc in Young Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers Confirms Chondrodystrophy Degenerative Phenotype Associated With Genotype

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian G. Murphy ◽  
Peter Dickinson ◽  
Denis J. Marcellin-Little ◽  
Kevin Batcher ◽  
Stephen Raverty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Chromosome 12 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Cartilaginous Tissue ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Dog Breed

Chondrodystrophy results in predictable and progressive biochemical and structural changes to the intervertebral disc, resulting in early onset degeneration and dystrophic mineralization of the disc. Accelerated degeneration and mineralization of the intervertebral disc are common in multiple dog breeds and can result in compromised function, herniation, pain, and a variety of neurological sequelae. A mutation responsible for chondrodystrophy in dogs has been identified as an aberrant fibroblast growth factor 4 ( FGF4) retrogene insertion on chromosome 12 (CFA12) and is associated with short stature of the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever. Segregation of the CFA12 FGF4 retrogene in this dog breed provides an opportunity to examine the effect of retrogene presence on radiographic and histologic appearance of chondrodystrophic disc degeneration within a single breed. Here we found that in the intervertebral discs isolated from 2 dogs with the CFA12 FGF4 genotype, the nucleus pulposus was largely replaced by cartilaginous tissue, and physaliferous notochordal cells were rarely if ever identified. These findings are in contrast to the normal histologic findings in 2 breed-matched dogs lacking the mutation. The findings are consistent with premature chondroid degeneration of the intervertebral disc and suggest that the presence of the CFA12 FGF4 retrogene is sufficient to cause the chondrodystrophic phenotype.

Correlation analysis of clinical features and genotype in dogs with intervertebral disc degeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
T. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
A. Mikhailova ◽  
A. Markov ◽  
E. Filippova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Chromosome 12 ◽  
Genetic Aspect ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Similar Phenotype ◽  
Fgfr3 Mutations ◽  
Compression Myelopathy

Most modern pet species have awide breed variability. The genetic aspect plays a signif-icant role in the development of individual pathologies. A retrogen encoding fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4), when inserted into the chromosome 18of dogs (CFA18), leads to chondrodysplasia, phenotypically mani-festing itself as shortened limbs in dogs. The incorporation of the FGF4 retrogene into chromosome 12 (CFA12) leads to a similar phenotype, but associated with an increased degeneration of the intervertebral discs. Although many retrogens are considered “silent”pseudogenes, the FGF4 retrogene in cases of chondrodysplasia and chondro-dystrophy is transcriptionally activated and leads to hyperactivation of the fi-broblast growth factor 3 receptor (FGFR3). Mutations are dominant, but links with spinal problems have been identified only for one, where the retro-gene is integrated into chromosome 12. Thus, dogs with the phenotype of short limbs are at risk for degenerative disease of the intervertebral discs, however, the disease recorded among animals is not related to chondrodystrophoids. The genetic predispo-sition of dogs of chondrodystrophoid breeds to degeneration of intervertebral discs is not a pathognomonic criterion for its presence. The study included genetic tests of dogs of different breeds, which were examined for compression myelopathy as a result of degeneration of the intervertebral discs. During testing, the purpose of which was to find correlation, the corresponding pedigree predispositions and clinical mani-festations of degenerative diseases of the intervertebral discs among 20 dogs (14 chondrodystrophoid and 6 non-chondrodystrophoid) wereconfirmed, in 14 cases (i.e. 70%) discogenic compres-sion was revealed during tomography.

Melatonin: Protection of the Intervertebral Disc

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Russel J Reiter ◽  
Sergio Rosales-Corral ◽  
Ramaswamy Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Endogenous Melatonin

     Low back pain (lumbar pain) due to injury of or damage to intervertebral discs is common in all societies.  The loss of work time as a result of this problem is massive.  Recent research suggests that melatonin may prevent or counteract intervertebral disc damage. This may be especially relevant in aging populations given that endogenous melatonin, in most individuals, dwindles with increasing age. The publications related to melatonin and its protection of the intervertebral disc are reviewed herein, including definition of some molecular mechanisms that account for melatonin’s protective actions. 

EXPERIENCE OF CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISC HERNIAS WITH CARIFLEX GEL AND CREAM IN AMBULATORY CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Zufar ADAMBAEV ◽  
◽  
Ibodulla KILICHEV ◽  
Tuygunoy XODJANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Complex Therapy

A complex therapy of patients with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine with herniated intervertebral discs with neurological manifestations was carried out with the addition of phonophoresis Kariflex gel followed by segmental massage with Kariflex cream. The comparative evaluation of the method was carried out in 89 patients. Comparative analysis revealed the reliable efficiency of the method used. Against the background of the proposed therapy, there was a significant decrease in pain and muscle-tonic syndromes, an increase in the range of motion in the spine

Treatment of protruded lumbar intervertebral discs with chymopapain (Discase)

1973 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight Parkinson ◽  
Christopher Shields
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Disease ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Thirty-three intervertebral disc patients who otherwise would have been subjected to surgery were treated by injection with chymopapain. The pharmacology, toxicology, physiology, immunology, and chemical action of this enzyme, which specifically reacts with chondromucoproteins, are discussed. Results indicate that this method, although still experimental and unapproved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, may become a useful addition to the surgeon's armamentarium in the treatment of intervertebral disc disease.

scholarly journals Early differentation of lamellar structure of the intervertebral disc in staged human embryos

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Witold Woźniak ◽  
Małgorzata Grzymisławska ◽  
Joanna Łupicka ◽  
Małgorzata Bruska ◽  
Adam Piotrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Lateral Zone ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Dense Zone

Introduction. In the vast literature concerning the development of the intervertebral discs controversies exist as to the period of differentiation and structure of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus. These controversies result from different determination of age of the investigated embryos. Aim. Using embryos from departmental collection age of which was established according to international Carnegie staging and expressed in postfertilizational days, the differentiation of the intervertebral discs was traced. Material and methods. Study was performed on 34 embryos at developmental stages 13–23 (32–56 days). Embryos were serially sectioned in sagittal, frontal and horizontal planes. Sections were stained with various histological methods and impregnated with silver.Results. Division of sclerotomes into loose cranial and dense caudal zones (sclerotomites) was observed in embryos aged 32 days (stage 13). The intervertebral disc developed from the dense zone of sclerotome and was well recognized in embryos aged 33 days (stage 14). At the end of fifth week (embryos at stage 15, 36 days) the annulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus were seen. The annulus fibrosus differentiated into lateral and medial zones. Within the lateral zone cells were arranged into circular rows. These rows were considered as the first stage of laminar structure. In further developmental stages the laminae occupied both zones of the annulus fibrosus.Conclusions. The intervertebral discs develop from the dense zone of the sclerotome which is evident in embryos at stage 13 (32 days). Discs differentiate in embryos aged 33 days, when the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus are recognized. In embryos aged 36 days in the annulus fibrosus circular rows forming laminar arrangement are seen.

scholarly journals Structural changes in the intervertebral disc.

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M I Jayson ◽  
J S Barks
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Structural Changes

Effects of Swelling Conditions on the Compressive Properties of Nucleus Pulposus From Bovine Intervertebral Discs

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Korda ◽  
Delphine Perie ◽  
James C. Iatridis
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
High Water ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Outer Annulus Fibrosus

The intervertebral disc provides flexibility and load support for the spine. It consists of two main regions; the outer annulus fibrosus which is a highly organized collagen matrix and the inner nucleus pulposus which (in a healthy disc) is a proteoglycan rich gelatinous material. The predominant mode of loading on the intervertebral disc is axial compression, which generates hydrostatic pressures within the disc. The high water content of the nucleus plays a major role in supporting these loads. With age and degeneration, the water content of the nucleus changes, and is believed to significantly impact its ability to bear load. The purpose of this study therefore, was to define the effects of swelling conditions (which affect disc hydration) on the material properties of the disc under compressive loading.

Introduction of Disc Material into the Vertebral Canal by Fenestration of Thoracolumbar Discs Following Decompressive Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 066-070
Author(s):  
Georgina Harris ◽  
Paul Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Decompressive Surgery ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Vertebral Canal ◽  
Disc Material ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Disc Extrusion

Abstract Objective Intervertebral disc extrusion is a common disease affecting chondrodystrophic dogs. It has been reported that fenestration of thoracolumbar intervertebral discs reduces recurrence of disc extrusion and is associated with a low complication rate. One complication reported is iatrogenic introduction of disc material into the canal directly following fenestration. This study aimed to ascertain if, and at what frequency, additional disc material may be introduced into the vertebral canal by fenestration of the affected disc following decompressive surgery. Study Design Twenty-one dogs that underwent hemilaminectomy and disc fenestration for the treatment of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion had intraoperative assessment of the vertebral canal before and after fenestration. The spinal cord was first decompressed by hemilaminectomy and removal of all visible extruded disc material within the vertebral canal. Once no further material was visible, manual fenestration of the affected disc was performed. The vertebral canal was re-inspected, and the presence or absence of additional material was noted and included in the surgery report. Results Seven dogs showed the presence of new disc material in the vertebral canal post fenestration.This preliminary study shows that additional disc material can be forced into the vertebral canal by fenestration following decompressive surgery, with a frequency of 7/21. Conclusion This illustrates the importance of checking the vertebral canal after fenestration of an extruded intervertebral disc.

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