scholarly journals Big Insulin-like Growth Factor 2–Producing Tumor in a Hypoglycemic Dog

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syunya Noguchi ◽  
Yoshiaki Kubo ◽  
Mami Araki ◽  
Miki Koh ◽  
Yuji Hamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Islet Cell Tumor ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Hypoglycemic Event ◽  
Hypoglycemic Attack ◽  
Tumor Region ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Right

A 10-year-old female Papillon dog that had previously developed a mammary tumor was admitted for treatment of a hypoglycemic attack. Blood examination showed severe hypoglycemia and decreased blood insulin concentration. Computed tomography indicated multiple tumors in the cranial and caudal lobes of the right lung. These tumors were resected surgically and diagnosed as pulmonary adenocarcinomas by histopathologic examination. Hypoglycemia was temporarily improved after the resection, but a hypoglycemic event occurred 2 months after the surgery. Immunohistochemistry of the tumor demonstrated the expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 in tumor cells. Western blot analysis revealed the expression of high-molecular-weight (big)–insulin-like growth factor 2 in the tumor region. Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA expression was also confirmed in the tumor using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. These findings indicate the diagnosis of non–islet cell tumor-induced hypoglycemia caused by big-insulin-like growth factor 2 produced by the tumor in the dog. This report provides information on differentiating tumors that cause paraneoplastic hypoglycemia.

scholarly journals MiR-384 Inhibits Malignant Biological Behavior Such as Proliferation and Invasion of Osteosarcoma by Regulating IGFBP3

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153303382090912
Author(s):  
Yuelong Tan ◽  
Linlin Chen ◽  
Siwei Li ◽  
He Hao ◽  
Delong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Factor Binding ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Proliferation And Invasion

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in the clinic. It is more common in children and adolescents. It has high malignancy, early metastasis rate, rapid disease progression, and high mortality. Although past years have witnessed the great improvement in the treatments of osteosarcoma, there remains a long way to go. MicroRNAs affect the malignant biological behaviors such as tumor proliferation and metastasis by regulating their target genes. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of miR-384 in osteosarcoma. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to detect the expression of miR-384 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines and established its correlation with osteosarcoma tumor progression and metastasis. To probe whether miR-384 played a tumor suppression role in osteosarcoma, we carried out gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays. Cell Counting Kit-8, cell colony formation, and transwell assays were carried out to determine the cells proliferation and invasion, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the changes of epithelial–mesenchymal transition marker proteins and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3. MiR-384 was downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. MiR-384 was overexpressed in G292 cells transfected with miR-384 mimics and knocked down in Saos-2 cells with small hairpin RNA targeting miR-384. Ectopic expression of miR-384 inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion. E-cadherin was brought to a decrease whereas N-cadherin and Snail to an increase under the silent expression of miR-384, while overexpression of miR-384 led to an opposite result. MiR-384 could regulate insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 expression in osteosarcoma. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting results validated that miR-384 knockdown downgrades both messenger RNA and protein levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 in G292 cells, while miR-384 upregulation exerted an opposite effect in Saos-2 cells. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 was upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and osteosarcoma cell lines compared with normal ones. Through the bioinformatics database found that the upstream transcriptional regulator of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 is MECP2. So miR-384 can directly inhibit MECP2 and then promote the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3. These results suggested that miR-384 might be a potential therapeutic targets and biomarker in osteosarcoma.

scholarly journals Development of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays to quantify insulin-like growth factor receptor and insulin receptor expression in equine tissue

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Hughes ◽  
Melvyn Quan ◽  
Alan Guthrie ◽  
Martin Schulman
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Receptor Assay ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The insulin-like growth factor system (insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor 2, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor and six insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins) and insulin are essential to muscle metabolism and most aspects of male and female reproduction. Insulin-like growth factor and insulin play important roles in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation and the maintenance of cell differentiation in mammals. In order to better understand the local factors that regulate equine physiology, such as muscle metabolism and reproduction (e.g., germ cell development and fertilisation), real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays for quantification of equine insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and insulin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid were developed. The assays were sensitive: 192 copies/µLand 891 copies/µL for insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, messenger ribonucleic acid and insulin receptor respectively (95%limit of detection), and efficient: 1.01 for the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor assay and 0.95 for the insulin receptor assay. The assays had a broad linear range of detection (seven logs for insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and six logs for insulin receptor). This allowed for analysis of very small amounts of messenger ribonucleic acid. Low concentrations of both insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and insulin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid were detected in endometrium, lung and spleen samples, whilst high concentrations were detected in heart, muscle and kidney samples, this was most likely due to the high level of glucose metabolism and glucose utilisation by these tissues. The assays developed for insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and insulin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression have been shown to work on equine tissue and will contribute to the understanding of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor physiology in the horse.

scholarly journals Refractory pemphigus vulgaris associated with herpes infection: case report and review

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza Figueiredo Braga Brandão ◽  
Nurimar C. Fernandes ◽  
Danielle Pereira De Oliveira Batista ◽  
Norma Santos
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Triggering Factor ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hsv 1

BACKGROUND: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by blistering of the skin and mucosa, which develops due to the interaction between predisposing genetic and environmental factors. Infections caused by members of the Herpesviridae family have been suggested as a possible triggering factor for PV. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: In this report, we investigate the presence of herpesviruses in refractory lesions on the right upper eyelid. The lesion has persisted despite the treatment with corticosteroids. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequence analysis have been used to detect the DNA of HSV 1/2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8. RESULTS: The sample collected from the right upper eyelid has tested positive for HSV 1/2. Sequence analysis has confirmed the PCR results and allowed the identification of the HSV strain as belonging to type 1. After treatment with acyclovir, the lesion of the right upper eyelid has cleared and not relapsed. CONCLUSION: When patients present PV lesions which are refractory to corticosteroid therapy, herpetic infection should be considered.

scholarly journals Adult gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis: early detection is key

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Daniel Lai ◽  
Keith Ong
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Ophthalmic Solution ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Corneal Ulceration ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Conjunctivitis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Right

We describe a case of a 52-year-old male presenting with severe mucopurulent conjunctivitis of the right eye. Corneal ulceration and associated anterior chamber activity was noted later in the course of the disease. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was positive on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing earlier than traditional microscopy and culture. He was successfully treated with ceftriaxone 500 mg intravenously and azithromycin 1 g orally as single doses in addition to ofloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.3% hourly to the right eye. This case highlights the need to consider the possibility of gonococcus in cases of suspected bacterial conjunctivitis, careful monitoring for corneal involvement and the importance of early detection with PCR.

scholarly journals Maximizing Ventricular Function With Multimodal Cell-Based Gene Therapy

Circulation ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 112 (9_supplement) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence M. Yau ◽  
Christopher Kim ◽  
Guangming Li ◽  
Yaoguang Zhang ◽  
Richard D. Weisel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background— Angiogenesis is enhanced after transplantation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-expressing cells into a myocardial scar. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) may induce hypertrophy and inhibit apoptosis. We evaluated the effect of cell-based IGF-I and VEGF multigene therapy on left ventricular (LV) function, cell survival, and apoptosis after bone marrow cell (BMC) transplantation. Methods and Results— Female Lewis rats underwent left anterior descending ligation 3 weeks before transplantation with male donor BMC, BMC transfected with VEGF (BMC+VEGF), IGF-I (BMC+IGF-I), VEGF and IGF-I (BMC+VEGF+IGF-I), or medium without cells (control) (n=4 per group×5 groups×4 time points). Three days and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after transplantation, VEGF and IGF-I expression was quantitated by real-time polymerase chain reaction, cell survival by polymerase chain reaction for sry2, apoptosis by TUNEL staining, LV function by echocardiography and myosin heavy chain, and light chain and troponin I by Western blot. One week after transplantation, IGF-I expression in the scar and border zone was greatest in BMC+IGF-I and BMC+VEGF+IGF-I rats ( P <0.05). VEGF expression in the scar and border zone was greatest in BMC+VEGF and BMC+VEGF+IGF-I hearts ( P <0.05). Transplanted cell survival was lowest in BMC, intermediate in BMC+VEGF and BMC+IGF-I, and greatest in BMC+VEGF+IGF-I ( P <0.05). Apoptotic indices were significantly reduced in BMC+VEGF+IGF-I, BMC+VEGF, and BMC+IGF-I ( P <0.05). Two and 4 weeks after transplantation, LV ejection fraction was lowest in control, intermediate in BMC, BMC+VEGF, and BMC+IGF-I, and greatest in BMC+VEGF+IGF-I ( P <0.05). Conclusions— Transplantation of VEGF- and IGF-I-expressing BMC reduced apoptosis, maximized transplanted cell survival, and enhanced LV function. Multimodal cell-based gene therapy may maximize the benefits of cell transplantation.

scholarly journals A Rapid Method for Analyzing Serum Pro-Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II in Patients with Non-Islet Cell Tumor Hypoglycemia

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 3819-3823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Miraki-Moud ◽  
Ashley B. Grossman ◽  
Michael Besser ◽  
John P. Monson ◽  
Cecilia Camacho-Hübner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Islet Cell Tumor ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Tumor Hypoglycemia

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A isoforms is dysregulated in women with endometriosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Danastas ◽  
Emily J. Miller ◽  
Alison J. Hey-Cunningham ◽  
Christopher R. Murphy ◽  
Laura A. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Natural Production ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Natural Expression

Angiogenesis is a critical step in the development of ectopic lesions during endometriosis. Although total vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A is elevated in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis, there are contradictory reports on how levels of total endometrial VEGFA are altered in this disease. Furthermore, limited research is available on different VEGFA isoforms in women with endometriosis. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyse levels of various VEGFA isoforms in women with and without endometriosis at different stages of the menstrual cycle. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that total VEGFA was highest during menstruation in endometriosis compared with controls (P = 0.0373). VEGF121 and VEGF189 were similarly highest during menstruation in endometriosis compared with controls (P = 0.0165 and 0.0154 respectively). The present study is also the first to identify the natural expression of VEGF111 in human tissue, which is also highest during menstruation in endometriosis (P = 0.0464). This discovery of the natural production of VEGF111 in human endometrium, as well as the upregulation of VEGFA isoforms during menstruation in endometriosis, may shed further light on the development and progression of the disease, and improve our understanding of the regulation of endometrial angiogenesis.

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