scholarly journals A Neuropathy in Goats Caused by Experimental Coyotillo (Karwinskia humboldtiana) Poisoning

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 408-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Charlton ◽  
K. R. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Wallerian Degeneration ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Proximal Site ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Distal Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Distal Site

Seven goats were poisoned with daily oral doses of coyotillo fruits and killed at various times after day 12. The distribution of lesions was studied in a sensory nerve, in short and long motor nerves, and at proximal and distal sites of a long motor nerve. Fibers with Schwann-cell lesions (swollen Schwann cells or segmental demyelination) were widespread and outnumbered fibers with Wallerian degeneration in most sites. The percentage of fibers that were undergoing Wallerian degeneration was much greater in long motor nerves than in short ones and was much greater at a distal site of a long motor nerve than at a proximal site. The results were compatible with axonal injury being secondary to Schwann-cell injury and cumulative throughout the lengths of affected fibers, resulting in distal axonal degeneration.

Very Early Neurophysiological Study in Guillain-Barre Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaoting Jin ◽  
Fangfang Hu ◽  
Xing Qin ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Min Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Nerve Conduction Velocity ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Motor Nerve Conduction ◽  
Abnormal Rate ◽  
Motor Nerves

Purpose: The diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) in the very early stage may be challenging. Our aim was to report the neurophysiological abnormalities in GBS within 4 days of clinical onset. We expected that GBS will be diagnosed by the assistance of neurophysiological study in the very early stage. Methods: We prospectively recruited patients with a diagnosis of GBS discharged from First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University and Xi Jing Hospital. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to the onset of symptoms to electromyography examination interval (OEI). The neurophysiological findings were carried out using standard procedures. All patients were examined by the same experienced neurophysiologist. Results: There were not significant group differences in abnormal rate, distal motor latency (DML), motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), F response (FR), compound muscle action potential (CMAP), conduction block (CB), sensory nerve action potential (SNAP), and sensory nerve conduction velocity among OEI ≤4 days, 4< OEI ≤10 days, and OEI > 10 days groups. Motor nerves were more affected than sensory nerves in neurophysiological presentation in very early stage patients. The difference of motor nerves and sensory nerves was statistically significant in lower limbs, but was not in upper limbs. In motor nerve conduction studies, the abnormal rate of DML, MNCV, FR, CB was more common seen in ulnar and peroneal nerve than median and tibial nerve, the abnormal rate of CMAP was the same in ulnar, median, peroneal and tibial nerve. In sensory nerve conduction studies, the abnormal rate of ulnar nerve and median nerve was higher than the superficial peroneal nerve and sural nerve. The OEI was not correlated with the SNAP decrease rate of median (r = 0.10, p = 0.23) and ulnar (r = 0.26, p = 0.06) but was statistically correlated with sural SNAP decrease rate (r = 0.29, p = 0.04). The sural-sparing pattern phenomenon was the most commonly discovered phenomenon in very early stage patients (OEI ≤4 days), followed by patients with 4< OEI ≤10 days, ultimately found in patients with OEI > 10 days. Conclusions: We suggest performing neurophysiological examination as soon as possible for suspected GBS patients, particularly focusing on multi-spots inspection of ulnar and peroneal nerves, and paying close attention to sural-sparing patterns.

scholarly journals Application of Microspectral Imaging in Motor and Sensory Nerve Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Du Xu
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Correction Algorithm ◽  
Fast Speed ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Better Than

Objective. It aimed to explore the application of the microscopic hyperspectral technique in motor and sensory nerve classification. Methods. The self-developed microscopic hyperspectral acquisition system was applied to collect the data of anterior and posterior spinal cord sections of white rabbits. The joint correction algorithm was employed to preprocess the collected data, such as noise reduction. On the basis of pure linear light source index, a new pixel purification algorithm based on cross contrast was proposed to extract more regions of interest, which was used for feature extraction of motor and sensory nerves. Besides, the ML algorithm was employed to classify motor and sensory nerves based on feature extraction results. Results. The joint correction algorithm was adopted to preprocess the data collected by the microscopic hyperspectral technique, so as to eliminate the influence of the incident light source and the system and improve the classification accuracy. The axon and myelin spectrum curves of the two kinds of nerves in the stained specimens had the same trend, but the values of all kinds of spectrum of sensory nerves were higher than those of motor nerves. However, the myelin sheath spectrum curves of motor nerves in the unstained specimens were greatly different from the curves of sensory nerves. The axon spectrum curves had the same trend, but the axon spectrum values of sensory nerves were higher than those of motor nerves. The ML algorithm had high accuracy and fast speed in motor and sensory nerve classification, and the classification effect of stained specimens was better than that of unstained specimens. Conclusion. The microscopic hyperspectral technique had high feasibility in sensory and motor nerve classification and was worthy of further research and promotion.

scholarly journals A Neuropathy in Goats Caused by Experimental Coyotillo (Karwinskia humboldtiana) Poisoning

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Charlton ◽  
K. R. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Myelin Sheath ◽  
Wallerian Degeneration ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Primary Lesion ◽  
Segmental Demyelination ◽  
Sequential Development ◽  
Oral Doses

The sequential development of the lesions in the peripheral nervous systems of 22 goats poisoned with daily oral doses of ground coyotillo fruits was studied. Studies of teased fibers revealed swelling of Schwann cells, clefts in the myelin sheath, segmental demyelination, remyelination, Wallerian degeneration, and regeneration. A few fibers had a large globular or ovoid swelling in a transitional zone between a region undergoing segmental demyelination at one end and Wallerian degeneration at the other end. These distended transitional zones were the sites of intense acid phosphatase activity in axons. These histologic studies indicate that the primary lesion occurred in Schwann cells and resulted in swelling of Schwann cells, clefts in the myelin sheath, and segmental demyclination. The sequence of development of the lesions suggests that axonal degeneration were secondary to Schwann-cell injury.

The function of motor nerves innervating slow tonic skeletal muscle in hens with delayed neuropathy induced by tri-o-tolyl phosphate

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1268-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Durham ◽  
D. J. Ecobichon
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Conduction Velocity ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Posttetanic Potentiation ◽  
Plantaris Muscle ◽  
Neuronal Stimulation ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Oral Doses

The reduction of neurogenic posttetanic potentiation in the slow twitch, soleus muscle is an index of impaired motor nerve function in cats with organophosphate-induced neuropathy. We have applied the measurement of posttetanic potentiation to study the functional state of the slow, tonic, plantaris muscle and its motor innervation in adult White Leghorn hens with tri-o-tolyl phosphate (TOTP)-induced neuropathy. At suitable intervals following single oral doses of vehicle or TOTP (500 mg/kg), nerve conduction velocity and posttetanic potentiation were measured in anesthetized hens. Conduction in the sciatic nerve was not altered by TOTP. The plantaris muscle of birds treated with vehicle (peanut oil) either failed to contract or responded to nerve stimulation at 0.4 Hz with very small twitches. Following nerve stimulation at frequencies inducing tetanus (50–140 Hz), the muscles responded with large, slow twitches that gradually decayed in amplitude. The area under the curve formed by the amplitude of these twitches over time (posttetanic potentiation) was directly proportional to the frequency and duration of nerve stimulation. In hens at 1, 2, and 4 weeks following treatment with TOTP, the average amount of posttetanic potentiation was reduced concomitantly with the development of ataxia, paralysis, and pathological changes in the peripheral nerves. This difference between vehicle- and TOTP-treated hens was not significant, owing to large interbird variations. Since TOTP-treated hens showed greater disturbances in gait following moderate exercise, the fatigue of posttetanic potentiation with periodic neuronal stimulation was measured. In vehicle-treated birds, the posttetanic potentiation remained constant or increased slightly over the 2-h test period; whereas, in the TOTP-treated birds, there was a gradual and variable decrease in posttetanic potentiation, though this could not be correlated with the severity of the ataxia. In contrast with the cat, reduction of posttetanic potentiation in the hen was not a reliable index of the development of delayed neurotoxicity caused by TOTP.

Enhancement of Neuromuscular Recovery after Nerve Repair in Primates

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
MARIE A. BADALAMENTE ◽  
L. C. HURST ◽  
S. B. PAUL ◽  
A. STRACHER
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Nerve Conduction Velocity ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Motor Nerve Conduction

This investigation describes the use of the calcium-activated protease inhibitor, leupeptin, as an adjunctive therapy to the microsurgical repair of median nerves in a primate model. Our results indicate that leupeptin facilitates morphological recovery in denervated thenar muscles and in distal sensory and mixed motor-sensory nerve trunks and functional recovery measured by motor nerve conduction velocity. Toxicological testing of leupeptin showed that, when administered at a dose of 12mg/kg, intramuscularly, once daily, haematological and clotting profiles were not adversely affected.

A Neuropathy in Goats Caused by Experimental Coyotillo (Karwinskia humboldtiana) Poisoning

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Charlton ◽  
K. R. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Wallerian Degeneration ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Segmental Demyelination ◽  
Femoral Site ◽  
Oral Doses

Lesions in peripheral nerves from 12 goats poisoned experimentally with coyotillo were studied by light and electron microscopy. The goats were poisoned with daily oral doses of the ground coyotillo fruits and killed at various times after the first day of dosing. Lesions at a mid-femoral site of the sciatic nerve included swelling of Schwann cells, degeneration of mitochondria, depletion of glycogen, splitting of myelin, segmental demyelination, and Wallerian degeneration. The results were suggestive of primary mitochondrial injury in Schwann cells with resultant impaired active transport, intracellular edema, splitting of myelin, and segmental demyelination.

scholarly journals Normal neurophysiologic parameters of the median nerve among adult healthy Sudanese population

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Mohammed Salah Elmagzoub ◽  
Ahmed Hassan Ahmed ◽  
Hussam M A Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Compound Muscle Action Potential ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Peak Latency ◽  
Muscle Action Potential ◽  
Sensory Nerve Action

Background: Nerve conduction studies (NCSs) help in delineating the extent distribution of neural lesion, and the diagnosis of peripheral nerve disorders. Because normative nerve conduction parameters were not yet established in Sudan EMG laboratories, this study aims towards having our own reference values, as we are using the American and British parameters. This will allow avoiding the discrepancies that might be induced by many factors. Methods: NCSs were performed in 200 Median nerves of 100 adult healthy Sudanese subjects using standardized techniques. Results: The median SNAP (sensory nerve action potential) values were as follows: distal latency, 2.6±3 ms with a range of (2.3-2.9); peak latency, 3.5±0.5 ms (3.0-4.0); amplitude, 47.7±18.0μV (29.7-65.7); conduction velocity, 53.0±7.8 m/s (45.2-60.8). The following values were obtained for the Median nerve CMAP (compound muscle action potential) at wrist stimulation: distal latency, 3.5±0.5 ms with a range of (3.0-4.0); peak latency, 9.4± 1.0 ms (8.4-10.4); duration, 5.9±0.9 ms (5.0-6.8); amplitude, 12.3±2.5 mV (9.8-14.8); area, 43.0±10.4 mVms (32.6-53.4); conduction velocity, 63.6±6.2 m/s (57.4-69.8). The F wave was 28.4±1.8 ms (26.6-30.2). Conclusion: The overall mean sensory and motor nerve conduction parameters for the tested nerve compared favorably with the existing literature with some discrepancies that were justified.

scholarly journals TrkA inhibitor promotes motor functional regeneration of recurrent laryngeal nerve by suppression of sensory nerve regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Suzuki ◽  
Koji Araki ◽  
Toshiyasu Matsui ◽  
Yuya Tanaka ◽  
Kosuke Uno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Compound Muscle Action Potential ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Nucleus Ambiguus ◽  
Functional Regeneration

Abstract Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury, in which hoarseness and dysphagia arise as a result of impaired vocal fold movement, is a serious complication. Misdirected regeneration is an issue for functional regeneration. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of TrkA inhibitors, which blocks the NGF-TrkA pathway that acts on the sensory/automatic nerves thus preventing misdirected regeneration among motor and sensory nerves, and thereby promoting the regeneration of motor neurons to achieve functional recovery. RLN axotomy rat models were used in this study, in which cut ends of the nerve were bridged with polyglycolic acid-collagen tube with and without TrkA inhibitor (TrkAi) infiltration. Our study revealed significant improvement in motor nerve fiber regeneration and function, in assessment of vocal fold movement, myelinated nerve regeneration, compound muscle action potential, and prevention of laryngeal muscle atrophy. Retrograde labeling demonstrated fewer labeled neurons in the vagus ganglion, which confirmed reduced misdirected regeneration among motor and sensory fibers, and a change in distribution of the labeled neurons in the nucleus ambiguus. Our study demonstrated that TrkAi have a strong potential for clinical application in the treatment of RLN injury.

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