Experimental Trypanosoma brucei Infection in Deer Mice: Splenic Changes

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Moulton
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Red Pulp

Forty deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were infected with Trypanosoma brucei organisms and were killed 33 to 83 days after inoculation (average, 63). The outstanding lesion was infiltration of plasma cells in various tissues. These cells caused disruption of the periarteriolar lymphocytic sheaths and thickening of red pulp cords in the spleen. The lymph node was almost completely replaced by plasma cells. The spleen and lymph nodes also had marked hyperplasia of germinal centers and granulomatous-like proliferation of macrophages. The nervous system showed meningoencephalitis characterized by accumulations of plasma cells.

DEFICIENCY OF IgM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404
Author(s):  
W. P. Faulk ◽  
W. S. Kiyasu ◽  
M. D. Cooper ◽  
H. H. Fudenberg
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Pseudomonas Infection ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Genetically Determined

An 8½-month-old infant with absent IgM had recurrent Pseudomonas infections. IgG and IgA, but no IgM-containing plasma cells, were identified in the spleen by immunofluorescence. The spleen and lymph nodes lacked germinal centers, but Peyer's patches and the appendix were normal. The absence of IgM was perhaps genetically determined because the father's serum IgM was also low. This may have predisposed to the Pseudomonas infection, since antibodies to Pseudomonas are predominantly IgM.

scholarly journals ROLE OF THE THYMUS IN IMMUNE REACTIONS IN RATS

1962 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron H. Waksman ◽  
Barry G. Arnason ◽  
Branislav D. Janković
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Splenic White Pulp ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules ◽  
Lymphatic Organs

In rats thymectomized at birth, there was a profound depletion of small lymphocytes in various lymphatic organs. In the spleen, these cells were completely lacking from the Malpighian bodies and splenic white pulp. Empty reticular structures remained surrounding the white pulp arterioles. In the lymph nodes, large masses and nodules of small lymphocytes (primary lymphoid nodules) were either markedly depleted or absent, as were the zones of these cells normally surrounding germinal centers. In both spleen and nodes, germinal centers appeared normal in size, number, and cellular make-up; and plasma cells were found in normal or even increased number in their customary position. Rats which in spite of thymectomy developed intense Arthus or delayed reactivity showed incomplete depletion of the lymphoid tissue. It is concluded that small lymphocytes of the spleen and lymph nodes may come, in large part, directly from the thymus and are not derived from medium and large lymphocytes of the germinal centers. It is suggested that there may be a second population of small lymphocytes whose function is unrelated to the thymus lymphocytes.

scholarly journals Histomorphometric Study of Axillary Lymph Nodes in Different Age Groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Kafeel Hussain A. ◽  
Shaweez Fathima S. ◽  
V. Sathialakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Background Although some age-related changes in lymph node histoarchitecture have been described, they are seldom taken into account in traditional depictions of lymph nodes. Recently introduced clinical procedures, such as intranodal vaccinations have demonstrated the need for an accurate knowledge of the degenerative processes of lymph nodes. It is thus deemed necessary to obtain a detailed insight into anatomical changes within the lymph node throughout life as age-related degeneration can have a strong impact on the outcome of these new therapeutic strategies. Aim To study the size and shape of the lymph nodes and to establish the age-dependent histoarchitectural changes in the lymph nodes in different age groups. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 35 axillary lymph nodes. The adult axillary group of lymph nodes were from subjects aged between 18 and 70 years. The fetal lymph nodes were collected from 8 stillborn fetuses between 37 and 42 weeks. Thickness of the cortex and diameter of the germinal centers were measured using ocular and stage micrometer. Results None of the fetal lymphocytic follicles showed evidence of a prominent germinal center. The germinal centers of young adults were not only more numerous but also larger in size when compared with the old. An age-related involution of the paracortical region was witnessed in the axillary lymph nodes. No evidence of lipomatous atrophy was encountered in any of the fetal lymph nodes. Interesting evidence of it was encountered in younger age groups. However, this was the most prominent feature in the older groups.

scholarly journals Pathogenic significance of interleukin-6 (IL-6/BSF-2) in Castleman's disease

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1360-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Yoshizaki ◽  
T Matsuda ◽  
N Nishimoto ◽  
T Kuritani ◽  
L Taeho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Castleman’S Disease ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Castleman's Disease ◽  
Lymph Node Hyperplasia

Abstract Castleman's disease is a syndrome consisting of giant lymph node hyperplasia with plasma cell infiltration, fever, anemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and an increase in the plasma level of acute phase proteins. It has been reported that clinical abnormalities disappear after the resection of the affected lymph nodes, suggesting that products of lymph nodes may cause such clinical abnormalities. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine inducing B-cell differentiation to immunoglobulin-producing cells and regulating biosynthesis of acute phase proteins. This report demonstrates that the germinal centers of hyperplastic lymph nodes of patients with Castleman's disease produce large quantities of IL-6 without any significant production of other cytokines. In a patient with a solitary hyperplastic lymph node, clinical improvement and decrease in serum IL-6 were observed following surgical removal of the involved lymph node. There was a correlation between serum IL-6 level, lymph node hyperplasia, hypergammaglobulinemia, increased level of acute phase proteins, and clinical abnormalities. The findings in this report indicate that the generation of IL-6 by B cells in germinal centers of hyperplastic lymph nodes of Castleman's disease may be the key element responsible for the variety of clinical symptoms in this disease.

scholarly journals BONE MARROW AS SOURCE OF CELLS IN REACTIONS OF CELLULAR HYPERSENSITIVITY

1968 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1437-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lubaroff ◽  
Byron H. Waksman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Lewis Rats ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Transfer ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes

The precise origin of cells infiltrating tuberculin skin reactions was studied with the technique of immunofluorescence. Thymectomized, irradiated Lewis rats were restored with bone marrow from allogeneic or F1 donors. They were passively sensitized to tuberculin by a subsequent transfer of Lewis lymph node cells and were given intradermal skin tests with tuberculoprotein. In 24 hr reactions the majority of cells were shown to be derived from the infused marrow. These results were the same regardless whether the lymphocyte transfer was performed on the day of irradiation and marrow injection or 7 days later. The cells in the tuberculin reactions, marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes not derived from the bone marrow were found to originate in the transferred lymph node cells. The relative percentages of marrow-derived and lymph node-derived cells in the tuberculin reactions remained the same during the 9–24 hr period following skin test.

scholarly journals Production of Macroglobulins in Vitro and a Study of Their Cellular Origin

Blood ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOROTHEA ZUCKER-FRANKLIN ◽  
EDWARD C. FRANKLIN ◽  
NORMAN S. COOPER
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Cellular Origin

Abstract Lymph nodes of three patients with macroglobulinemia of Waldenström were studied in tissue culture and shown to synthesize 19S γ-globulin in vitro. Lymph node imprints, bone marrow, and buffy coat smears of the same patients consisted almost entirely of lymphocytes. When these were stained with fluorescein-conjugated antiserum to macroglobulin, large and medium-sized lymphocytes and lymphoblasts rather than mature lymphocytes or plasma cells were shown to contain the protein. It is suggested that 19S γ-globulin may also be synthesized by cells belonging to the lymphoid series under normal circumstances.

scholarly journals A Coordinated Change in Chemokine Responsiveness Guides Plasma Cell Movements

2001 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana C. Hargreaves ◽  
Paul L. Hyman ◽  
Theresa T. Lu ◽  
Vu N. Ngo ◽  
Afshin Bidgol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
B Cell Precursors ◽  
Secondary Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Splenic Red Pulp ◽  
Medullary Cords ◽  
Red Pulp

Antibody-secreting plasma cells are nonrecirculatory and lodge in splenic red pulp, lymph node medullary cords, and bone marrow. The factors that regulate plasma cell localization are poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that, compared with their B cell precursors, plasma cells exhibit increased chemotactic sensitivity to the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12. At the same time, they downregulate CXCR5 and CCR7 and have reduced responsiveness to the B and T zone chemokines CXCL13, CCL19, and CCL21. We demonstrate that CXCL12 is expressed within splenic red pulp and lymph node medullary cords as well as in bone marrow. In chimeric mice reconstituted with CXCR4-deficient fetal liver cells, plasma cells are mislocalized in the spleen, found in elevated numbers in blood, and fail to accumulate normally in the bone marrow. Our findings indicate that as B cells differentiate into plasma cells they undergo a coordinated change in chemokine responsiveness that regulates their movements in secondary lymphoid organs and promotes lodgment within the bone marrow.

scholarly journals Fc chimeric protein containing the cysteine-rich domain of the murine mannose receptor binds to macrophages from splenic marginal zone and lymph node subcapsular sinus and to germinal centers.

1996 ◽  
Vol 184 (5) ◽  
pp. 1927-1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Martínez-Pomares ◽  
M Kosco-Vilbois ◽  
E Darley ◽  
P Tree ◽  
S Herren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Subcapsular Sinus ◽  
Splenic White Pulp

Ligands for the cysteine-rich (CR) domain of the mannose receptor (MR) were detected by incubating murine tissues with a chimeric protein containing CR fused to the Fc region of human IgG1 (CR-Fc). In naive mice, CR-Fc bound to sialoadhesin+, F4/80low/-, macrosialin+ macrophages (M phi) in spleen marginal zone (metallophilic M phi) and lymph node subcapsular sinus. Labeling was also observed in B cell areas of splenic white pulp. Western blotting analysis of spleen and lymph nodes lysates revealed a restricted number of molecules that interacted specifically with CR-Fc. In immunized mice, labeling was upregulated on germinal centers in splenic white pulp and follicular areas of lymph nodes. Kinetic analysis of the pattern of CR-Fc labeling in lymph nodes during a secondary immune response to ovalbumin showed that CR ligand expression migrated towards B cell areas, associated with cells displaying distinctive dendritic morphology, and accumulated in developing germinal centers. These studies suggest that MR+ cells or MR-carbohydrate-containing antigen complexes could be directed towards areas where humoral immune responses take place, through the interaction of the MR CR domain with molecules expressed in specialized macrophage populations and antigen transporting cells.

scholarly journals AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF LYMPHATIC TISSUE IN RUNT DISEASE

1965 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Weiss ◽  
Alan C. Aisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Splenic Cells ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Myelin Figure ◽  
Rats And Mice

The thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes were studied in runt disease induced by a graft of intravenously injected homologous splenic cells into newborn rats and mice. Adult Long-Evans cells (70 x 106) were injected into Sprague-Dawley rats. Adult DBA cells (7 x 106) were injected into C57BL/6 mice. Runted rats were sacrificed at 14 to 28 days of age; mice at 10 to 20 days. The thymic cortex is depleted of small lymphocytes. Those remaining are severely damaged and phagocytized. Evidence of damage includes swelling of mitochondria, myelin figure formation, margination of chromatin, and sharp angulation in nuclear contour. Large numbers of macrophages are present. Epithelial-reticular cells which envelop small cortical blood vessels are often retracted, with the result that the most peripheral layer in the thymic-blood barrier suffers abnormally large gaps. Lymphocytes of the periarterial lymphatic sheaths of spleen and of the cortex of lymph nodes are reduced in number and damaged. Vast numbers of plasma cells and many lymphocytes are evident throughout lymph nodes, in the periarterial lymphatic sheaths, and in the marginal zone and red pulp of the spleen. Plasma cells are of different sizes, the larger having dilated sacs of endoplasmic reticulum. Lymphocytes are small to medium in size. They contain, in varying quantity, ribosomes and smooth membrane-bounded cytoplasmic vesicles approximately 350 to 500 A in diameter. Most plasma cells and lymphocytes are damaged and many of these are phagocytized. Many lymphocytes in lymph nodes, however, show no evidence of damage. Reticular cells and other fixed cells of the connective tissues seldom appear affected. Thus, the major cell types reacting in runt disease are lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes or macrophages. It appears, therefore, that both the delayed and immediate types of sensitivity play a part in this disease.

scholarly journals Lymph node cell responsiveness in BALB/C mice infected with Leishmania mexicana

1985 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Hilda A. Pérez ◽  
José Bolívar
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymph Node Cell ◽  
Leishmania Mexicana ◽  
Blastogenic Response ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes

In the present study we measured the blastogenic response of lymph node cells from BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania mexicana throughout the course of infection. Results showed that infected mice displayed normal blastogenic responses in the lymph nodes until twenty weeks of infection. Thereafter, there was a gradual suppression. Comparison of the immunoresponsiveness in the spleen and lymph nodes, revealed normal responses in the lymph nodes several weeks after suppression in the spleen had occurred. Suppression of blastogenic responses in the lymph nodes was related to an adherent macrophage-like cell which actively suppressed normal proliferative responses to mitogens.

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