DEFICIENCY OF IgM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404
Author(s):  
W. P. Faulk ◽  
W. S. Kiyasu ◽  
M. D. Cooper ◽  
H. H. Fudenberg
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Pseudomonas Infection ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Genetically Determined

An 8½-month-old infant with absent IgM had recurrent Pseudomonas infections. IgG and IgA, but no IgM-containing plasma cells, were identified in the spleen by immunofluorescence. The spleen and lymph nodes lacked germinal centers, but Peyer's patches and the appendix were normal. The absence of IgM was perhaps genetically determined because the father's serum IgM was also low. This may have predisposed to the Pseudomonas infection, since antibodies to Pseudomonas are predominantly IgM.

Experimental Trypanosoma brucei Infection in Deer Mice: Splenic Changes

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Moulton
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Red Pulp

Forty deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were infected with Trypanosoma brucei organisms and were killed 33 to 83 days after inoculation (average, 63). The outstanding lesion was infiltration of plasma cells in various tissues. These cells caused disruption of the periarteriolar lymphocytic sheaths and thickening of red pulp cords in the spleen. The lymph node was almost completely replaced by plasma cells. The spleen and lymph nodes also had marked hyperplasia of germinal centers and granulomatous-like proliferation of macrophages. The nervous system showed meningoencephalitis characterized by accumulations of plasma cells.

scholarly journals ROLE OF THE THYMUS IN IMMUNE REACTIONS IN RATS

1962 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron H. Waksman ◽  
Barry G. Arnason ◽  
Branislav D. Janković
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Splenic White Pulp ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules ◽  
Lymphatic Organs

In rats thymectomized at birth, there was a profound depletion of small lymphocytes in various lymphatic organs. In the spleen, these cells were completely lacking from the Malpighian bodies and splenic white pulp. Empty reticular structures remained surrounding the white pulp arterioles. In the lymph nodes, large masses and nodules of small lymphocytes (primary lymphoid nodules) were either markedly depleted or absent, as were the zones of these cells normally surrounding germinal centers. In both spleen and nodes, germinal centers appeared normal in size, number, and cellular make-up; and plasma cells were found in normal or even increased number in their customary position. Rats which in spite of thymectomy developed intense Arthus or delayed reactivity showed incomplete depletion of the lymphoid tissue. It is concluded that small lymphocytes of the spleen and lymph nodes may come, in large part, directly from the thymus and are not derived from medium and large lymphocytes of the germinal centers. It is suggested that there may be a second population of small lymphocytes whose function is unrelated to the thymus lymphocytes.

Virus-associated activation of innate immunity induces rapid disruption of Peyer’s patches in mice

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (15) ◽  
pp. 2591-2599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Heidegger ◽  
David Anz ◽  
Nicolas Stephan ◽  
Bernadette Bohn ◽  
Tina Herbst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Type I ◽  
Peripheral Lymph ◽  
Key Points

Key Points Systemic virus infection leads to rapid disruption of the Peyer’s patches but not of peripheral lymph nodes. Virus-associated innate immune activation and type I IFN release blocks trafficking of B cells to Peyer’s patches.

Functional zones of Peyer’s patch (PPs) in rabbits’ caecum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
M. O. Nikitina ◽  
M. V. Kravtsova ◽  
A. A. Bohomaz
Keyword(s):  
Germinal Center ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Vermiform Appendix ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Mantle Zone ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

A feature of rabbit gut-associated lymphoid tissue is that its structure is more developed than in other animal species. In rabbits it is composed of sacculus rotundus, vermiform appendix and Peyer’s patches. These immune formations contain an organized component of lymphoid tissue – lymphoid nodules (B-cell zone) and interfollicular region (T-cell). Secondary lymphoid nodules with germinal centers presented in them are formed due to antigen stimulation. The caecum of Hyplus rabbits at the age of 30 -, 60 - and 90-days was investigated. Each age group consisted of 5 rabbits. Experimental rabbits are clinically healthy, unvaccinated and untreated against ecto- and endoparasites. Peyer’s patches of the caecum were selected for the study and fixed in 10% of formalin. Subsequently, the specimens stained with hematoxylin-eosin were prepared from the obtained samples. On the 30th day of life, Peyer’s patches in the cecum were detected by gross examination. On the histological level, they had formed interfollicular region and lymphoid nodules. In turn, lymphoid nodules were divided into primary and secondary ones. A well-defined mantle zone and germinal centers were observed in the secondary lymphoid nodules. The regularities of their area indicators increase (mean value, median and interquartile range (IQR)) and their correlation were studied. The most intensive growth of the mantle area and the germinal center was observed from the 30th to the 60th day. The relative area of the mantle zone and the germinal center as part of the secondary lymphoid nodule was determined. Its value did not change during the experimental period.

Localization of Receptors for Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Somatostatin, and Substance P in Distinct Compartments of Human Lymphoid Organs

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Claude Reubi ◽  
Ursula Horisberger ◽  
Andreas Kappeler ◽  
Jean A. Laissue
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Peptide Receptors ◽  
Vip Receptors

Regulatory peptides, such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), somatostatin (SS), or substance P (SP), are considered to play a role in immune regulation. To localize the targets of these peptides in the human immune system, their receptors have been evaluated with in vitro receptor autoradiography in lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, Peyer's patches, spleen, and thymus. The three peptide receptors were detected in all lymphoid tissues tested, but, unexpectedly, usually in distinct compartments. In lymph nodes, palatine tonsils, vermiform appendix, and Peyer's patches, VIP receptors were found in the CD3 positive zone around lymphoid follicles; SS receptors in the germinal centers of secondary follicles; and SP receptors mainly in interfollicular blood vessels. In the spleen, VIP receptors were detected in periarterial lymphatic sheaths, SS receptors in the red pulp, and SP receptors in the central arteries. In the thymus, VIP receptors were present in cortex and medulla, SS receptors in the medulla, and SP receptors in blood vessels. For comparison, cholecystokinin (CCK)-A and -B receptors were not demonstrated in any of these tissues. These results suggest a strong compartmentalization of the three peptide receptors in human lymphoid tissues and represent the molecular basis for the understanding of a very complex and interactive mode of action of these peptides.

BCR affinity differentially regulates colonization of the subepithelial dome and infiltration into germinal centers within Peyer’s patches

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Biram ◽  
Anneli Strömberg ◽  
Eitan Winter ◽  
Liat Stoler-Barak ◽  
Ran Salomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches

scholarly journals Eosinophilia in transgenic mice expressing interleukin 5.

1990 ◽  
Vol 172 (5) ◽  
pp. 1425-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
L A Dent ◽  
M Strath ◽  
A L Mellor ◽  
C J Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Interleukin 5

Experiments in vitro suggest that although interleukin 5 (IL-5) stimulates the late stages of eosinophil differentiation, other cytokines are required for the generation of eosinophil progenitor cells. In this study transgenic mice constitutively expressing the IL-5 gene were established using a genomic fragment of the IL-5 gene coupled to the dominant control region from the gene encoding human CD2. Four independent eosinophilic transgenic lines have thus far been established, two of which with 8 and 49 transgene copies, are described in detail. These mice appeared macroscopically normal apart from splenomegaly. Eosinophils were at least 65- and 265-fold higher in blood from transgenics, relative to normal littermates, and approximately two- or sevenfold more numerous relative to blood from mice infected with the helminth Mesocestoides corti. Much more modest increases in blood neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte numbers were noted in transgenics, relative to normal littermates (less than threefold). Thus IL-5 in vivo is relatively specific for the eosinophil lineage. Large numbers of eosinophils were present in spleen, bone marrow, and peritoneal exudate, and were highest in the line with the greatest transgene copy number. Eosinophilia was also noted in histological sections of transgenic lungs, Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, and gut lamina propria but not in other tissues examined. IL-5 was detected in the sera of transgenics at levels comparable to those seen in sera from parasite-infected animals. IL-3 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were not found. IL-5 mRNA was detected in transgenic thymus, Peyer's patches, and superficial lymph nodes, but not in heart, liver, brain, or skeletal muscle or in any tissues from nontransgenics. Bone marrow from transgenic mice was rich in IL-5-dependent eosinophil precursors. These data indicate that induction of the IL-5 gene is sufficient for production of eosinophilia, and that IL-5 can induce the full pathway of eosinophil differentiation. IL-5 may therefore not be restricted in action to the later stages of eosinophil differentiation, as suggested by earlier in vitro studies.

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