Histologic and Immunohistochemical Studies of Granular Cell Tumors in Seven Dogs, Three Cats, One Horse, and One Bird

In a retrospective study, granular cell tumors in six dogs (Nos. 1–6), three cats (Nos. 1–3), one horse (No. 1), and one cockatiel ( Nymphicus hollandicus) (No. 1) and a meningioma with a granular cell component in one dog (No. 7) were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. These tumors were identified by histologic examination of surgical biopsy specimens, except in the horse, in which the tumor was an incidental finding at necropsy. These diagnoses were initially made by more than one pathologist. Five of the six granular cell tumors in the dogs were in the oral cavity; one of these was in the maxillary gingiva of a 6-month-old puppy. The tumors in the cats were located in the tongue, vulva, and digit. The tumor in the horse was in the lung, and the tumor in the cockatiel was in the periocular tissue. Histologically, all granular cell tumors were characterized by oval to polygonal cells of various sizes. The cells had abundant, pale, eosinophilic cytoplasm with distinct intracytoplasmic granules, distinct cell margins, and mostly central nuclei. In the dogs, the gingival tumor had a large amount of collagen tissue, the tumor in the tongue had dilated blood vessels, and the maxillary tumor in the puppy was more cellular than the other tumors. The tumors in the cats were more anaplastic than the other tumors; one, located in the digit, was considered malignant. The granules in all of the tumors stained with periodic acid-Schiff and were diastase resistant. On staining with Luxol fast blue, the granules of all tumors stained different shades of pink, with the exception of the tumor in the tongue of a cat, which stained bluish green. Immunocytochemically, all tumors except the tumor in the cockatiel reacted against antibodies to vimentin. The granular cell tumor in the lung of the horse and the intracranial meningioma in a dog reacted to the antibody S-100 protein; the tumor in the horse reacted to neuron-specific enolase; tumors in two dogs (gingiva and skin) reacted to L-antitrypsin, and the maxillary tumor also reacted to lysozyme; the malignant tumor in the digit of a cat and the periocular tumor in the cockatiel reacted to muscle common actin and actin; the tumor in the cockatiel also reacted to desmin. Results of these immunocytochemical studies suggest that granular cell tumors, like tumors composed of rhabdoid cells, clear cells, and oncocytes, can have similar morphologic features but be of different cellular origins.

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Canine Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor with Eosinophilic Cytoplasmic Globules

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098589803500309 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 223-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

M. Kuwamura ◽

J. Yamate ◽

T. Kotani ◽

T. Takeuchi ◽

S. Sakuma

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Granular Cell ◽

Nerve Sheath Tumor ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor ◽

Nerve Sheath ◽

Spindle Cell Proliferation

A 13-year-old male Shetland Sheepdog had a subcutaneous tumor in the left brachium. The tumor was removed and recurred several times at 5, 13, 16, 22, and 31 months after the initial presentation. Histologically, the removed nodules from the fourth resection were composed of neoplastic proliferation of round to fusiform cells, which possessed eosinophilic globules in their cytoplasm. The globules were periodic acid–Schiff positive and diastase resistant. Positive reactions for acid phosphatase were observed in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Ultrastructurally, these globules consisted of membrane-bound, dense structures containing dense granules, lucent vacuoles, and homogeneous materials. The recurrent tumors removed at the fifth resection consisted of spindle cell proliferation arranged in interlacing fascicles with wavy nuclei and containing a small number of cells with cytoplasmic globules. The tumor cells were immunoreactive to vimentin, S-100 protein, myelin basic protein, and neuron-specific enolase. The tumor was diagnosed as a peripheral nerve sheath tumor with eosinophilic cytoplasmic globules. These findings are unique for the histogenesis of granular cell tumors.

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Granular Cell Tumor of Breast: Rare Tumor Masquerading as Malignancy

Journal of Institute of Medicine ◽

10.3126/jiom.v42i1.37443 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 62-64

Author(s):

Suzita Hirachan ◽

Yogendra P Singh ◽

Anamika Jha ◽

Usha Manandhar

Keyword(s):

Granular Cell Tumor ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Granular Cell ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Granular Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽

Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽

S 100 ◽

Proper Diagnosis ◽

The Right

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a rare soft tissue tumor that arises from the Schwann cells of peripheral nerves. It was first postulated by Abrikossoff in 1926 as Myoblastoma. About 5-15% of these tumors occur in the breast and less than 1% has the potential to be malignant. Here we present a case of 41 years old premenopausal woman with Benign GCT of the right breast, having clinically malignant features. The clinical and radiological features of GCT are similar to malignant lump. However, histology showing presence of sheets of polygonal cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm with round nuclei and granules with Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) positive, diastase resistant and S-100 antigen positive are confirmatory. Treatment of Granular cell tumor is wide local excision. There is apparently no role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The presence of GCT in the breast is quite rare and clinically as well as radiologically it may mimic malignancy, however with histopathology and appropriate immunohistochemistry, proper diagnosis can be made.

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β-Catenin and Periodic Acid–Schiff Distinguish Granular Cell Nevus From Deep Penetrating Nevus

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/arpa.2021-0301-le ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 145 (12) ◽

pp. 1475-1476

Author(s):

Maya Eiger-Moscovich ◽

Ralph C. Eagle ◽

Tatyana Milman

Keyword(s):

Periodic Acid ◽

Granular Cell ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff

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Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Keratin in Canine Neuroepithelioma

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098588702400605 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 500-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

W. Baumgärtner ◽

P. V. Peixoto

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽

Fourth Ventricle ◽

Phosphotungstic Acid ◽

Squamous Metaplasia ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

The Third ◽

Intradural Extramedullary

Morphological features and immunoreactivity for cytokeratin (CK), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) of three canine neuroepitheliomas and three canine ependymomas were investigated. Neuroepitheliomas were in three German shepherds as intradural-extramedullary solitary masses, with spinal cord displacement between T10 and L2. Histologically, they contained tubules and acini, lined by epithelial cells with focal squamous metaplasia, rosette-like structures, and polygonal to spindle-shaped cells between tubules. Acini were empty or filled with a homogeneous, eosinophilic periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive material. Mitotic indices varied from low to moderate. Ependymomas occurred in the third (two cases) and fourth ventricle in adult boxers. Histologically, they were composed of cells with an ill-defined, scant amphophilic cytoplasm, with a central round euchromatic nucleus; cells formed pseudorosettes, with a central fibro-vascular stroma. Neuroepitheliomas stained for CK, but ependymomas did not. Both failed to stain for GFAP, NSE, or phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH). Thus, antibodies to cytokeratin are useful to distinguish neuroepitheliomas from ependymomas.

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Recurrent pyogenic granuloma: an update

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20150196 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 22 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rami A. Al-shiaty ◽

Bacem A. E. Ottoman

Keyword(s):

Alcian Blue ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Pyogenic Granuloma ◽

T Test ◽

The Other ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Fibrous Stroma ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Initial Appearance

Background: Given the fierce controversy about the nature of pyogenic granulomas, starting with its unfitting name and ending up with its ideal treatment modality, this paper tries to numerically identify some predisposing factors of recurrence.Methods: The literature was initially reviewed and a total of twenty recurrent cases of pyogenic granuloma were contrasted, on one hand, to their initial appearance. On the other hand, all are contrasted to a similar number of normal mucosa using three histochemical stains: Alcian blue, periodic acid-Schiff and Masson’s trichrome.Results: For all recurrent lesions, all specimens showed myxoid structure histologically even if their initial appearance had possessed a sparse myxoid structure. The age of recurrence has been correlated to the histochemical findings. For the Alcian Blue stain (AB), the value of t-test was 3.808840. The pertaining value of P was 0.000593. The result was significant at P ≤0.05. For the PAS stain, the value of t-test was 3.640327. The value of P was 0.000871. The result was significant at P ≤0.05. In Masson’s trichrome staining, the value of t-test was 3.100816. The value of P was 0.002942. The result was significant at P ≤0.05. Accordingly, all stains showed significant difference in fibrous content in the initial and recurrent lesions. Conversely, the count of both endothelial vessels and inflammatory infiltrates in the recurrent lesions were significantly lower than the primary precursors.Conclusions: Given that collagen fibers are continually degraded and resynthesized while proteolytic degradation occur outside the cells through the activity of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), it is suggested that MMPs -positively expressed by PAS reactions- account for the spacing of the fibrous stroma, allowing for reshaping the three dimensional structure of the connective tissue. Myxoid structures are certainly promoting recurrence either via excessive secretion of hyaluronic acids or unknown mechanisms. The undisputed fact is the presence of myxoid structures in all our reported recurrent cases. Both inflammatory cascade and endothelial proliferation have no vital role in the recurrence according to our morphometric results. Finally, PAS stain should give more details in examining PGs than the other recruited counterparts.Keywords: Recurrent pyogenic granuloma, PAS stain, Myxoid structures, Etiopathogensis

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Granular cell tumor that originated in a posterior ethmoid sinus

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20173054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 721

Author(s):

Myung Woo Kim ◽

Sun Hee Chang ◽

Ick Soo Choi

Keyword(s):

Nasal Cavity ◽

Nasal Polyp ◽

Granular Cell Tumor ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Granular Cell ◽

Ethmoid Sinus ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

The Body ◽

Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽

The Right

A granular cell tumor (GCT) is a rare neoplasm. It grows slowly, presumably originates from a Schwann cell, and is typically benign. Histopathologically, GCTs are composed of loosely infiltrating sheets of large, pale, polyhedral cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and a pale, centrally situated nucleus. Immunohistochemically, GCTs express the S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase. A GCT can occur anywhere in the body. Half of all GCTs occur in the head and neck regions, especially on the tongue, but they are rarely found in the nasal cavity. A GCT usually arises as a solitary tumor and can be confirmed only by a histologic examination. The appropriate treatment is excision of the lesion. Here, we present a rare case of a GCT originating in the right posterior ethmoid sinus in the nasal cavity. A GCT originating in a posterior ethmoid sinus has not been reported thus far. In our case, a simple nasal polyp was found in the left ethmoid sinus of the patient. Thus, we initially misjudged the GCT in the right nasal cavity as a simple nasal polyp.

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Hypertrophic gastropathy associated with gastric sarcoma in a dog

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638720966972 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 112-115

Author(s):

Mariarita Romanucci ◽

Paolo E. Crisi ◽

Maria Veronica Giordano ◽

Morena Di Tommaso ◽

Francesco Simeoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Partial Gastrectomy ◽

Abdominal Ultrasound ◽

Gastric Body ◽

Gastric Glands ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Gastric Lumen

A 14-y-old spayed female Labrador Retriever was presented with an 8-mo history of chronic vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound and gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a mass protruding into the gastric lumen, with cytologic features suggestive of sarcoma. A partial gastrectomy was performed; the gastric body and antrum were thickened, with a cerebriform appearance of the mucosal surface. Histologic examination revealed a submucosal neoplastic proliferation of fusiform cells variably arranged in irregular bundles and scattered whorls. Fusiform cells strongly reacted to antibodies against vimentin, S100, and neuron-specific enolase; glial fibrillary acidic protein was moderately and multifocally expressed. Pancytokeratin, KIT, α–smooth muscle actin, and desmin were nonreactive. Histologic and immunohistochemical findings suggested a diagnosis of gastric sarcoma with features referable to a non-GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor), non–smooth muscle NIMT (non-angiogenic, non-lymphogenic intestinal mesenchymal tumor). The overlying gastric mucosa was thickened by elongated and dilated gastric glands, predominantly lined by intensely periodic acid-Schiff–stained mucous cells. This altered mucosal architecture was suggestive of Ménétrier-like disease. Although this disease has been hypothesized to predispose to gastric adenocarcinoma in dogs, an association with gastric sarcoma has not been documented previously in the veterinary literature, to our knowledge.

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Parahippocampal corpora amylacea and neuronal lipofuscin in human aging

Open Medicine ◽

10.2478/s11536-013-0214-1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 749-761

Author(s):

Mirjana Bakić ◽

Ivan Jovanović ◽

Slađana Ugrenović ◽

Ljiljana Vasović ◽

Miljan Krstić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodic Acid ◽

Age Groups ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽

Aging Brain ◽

Numerical Density ◽

Corpora Amylacea ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Morphometric Analyses ◽

Altered Metabolism

AbstractThe aim of this research was to quantify the number of corpora amylacea and lipofuscin-bearing neurons in the parahippocampal region of the brain. Right parahippocampal gyrus specimens of 30 cadavers were used as material for histological and morphometric analyses. A combined Alcian Blue and Periodic Acid-Schiff technique was used for identification and quantification of corpora amylacea and lipofuscin-bearing neurons. Immunohistochemistry was performed using S100 polyclonal, neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein monoclonal antibodies for differentiation of corpora amylacea and other spherical inclusions of the aging brain. Cluster analysis of obtained data showed the presence of three age groups (median age: I = 41.5, II = 68, III = 71.5). The second group was characterized by a significantly higher numerical density of subcortical corpora amylacea and number of lipofuscin-bearing neurons than other two groups. Values of the latter cited parameters in the third group were insignificantly higher than the first younger group. Linear regression showed that number of parahippocampal lipofuscin-bearing neurons significantly predicts numerical density of subcortical corpora amylacea. The above results suggest that more numerous parahippocampal region corpora amylacea and lipofuscin-bearing neurons in some older cases might represent signs of its’ neurons quantitatively-altered metabolism.

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Giant Granular Cell Tumor of the Suprasellar Area; Immunocytochemical and Electron Microscopic Studies

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-198408000-00017 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 246-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Boleslaw H. Liwnicz ◽

Regina G. Liwnicz ◽

Stephen J. Huff ◽

Bert H. McBride ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Cells ◽

Granular Cell Tumor ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Granular Cell ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Suprasellar Region ◽

Microscopic Studies

Abstract We describe a case of a granular cell tumor (GCT) of the suprasellar region with an 11-year history in a 26-year-old woman. The computed tomographic scan showed a midline, contrast-enhancing, noncalcified mass. The biopsy was diagnosed as GCT. The tumor was treated with radiation therapy. At necropsy, a large, homogeneous GCT surrounded by gliosis was found. The tumor cells were filled with granules positive for periodic acid-Schiff, diastase-resistant. The cells did not contain glial fibrillary acidic protein or S-100 protein. Electron microscopy showed tumor cells filled with innumerable lysosomal structures. No intermediate filament was found within the cytoplasm. The tumor cells were not surrounded by a basement membrane. Based on this study and on our review of the literature, the suggestion that GCT has a multicellular origin is upheld.

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Atypical meningeal granular cell tumor in a dog

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638711425942 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 192-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sasmita Mishra ◽

Marc Kent ◽

Allison Haley ◽

Simon Platt ◽

Kaori Sakamoto

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Hemisphere ◽

Granular Cell Tumor ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Granular Cell ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Falx Cerebri ◽

Cytoplasmic Staining ◽

Left Cerebral Hemisphere

A 10-year-old, female spayed Chihuahua dog was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the University of Georgia for evaluation of seizures, abnormal mentation, and cervical pain of 2 months duration. On magnetic resonance imaging, there was generalized thickening of the meninges overlying the left cerebral hemisphere and along the falx cerebri. Despite symptomatic treatment, the dog remained neurologically affected. Consequently, the owners elected euthanasia. On gross examination, the meninges covering the left cerebral hemisphere were severely thickened and firmly adhered to the calvaria. On transverse section, the white matter of the left cerebral hemisphere was swollen, enlarged, and extended across the midline with resultant compression of the right cerebral hemisphere. Cytologic evaluation of an impression smear of the thickened meninges showed numerous large, spindloid to polygonal cells with abundant, amphophilic, vacuolated cytoplasm, present either in clusters or in individual cells. Histopathologic evaluation of the meninges revealed a poorly circumscribed and infiltrative, moderately cellular neoplasm, composed of vacuolated, spindloid to polygonal cells with marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, arranged in sheets, and occasionally separated by thick bands of connective tissue. Immunohistochemistry for vimentin revealed diffuse cytoplasmic staining of the neoplastic cells. Although the periodic acid–Schiff reaction was negative, ultrastructural findings showed numerous vesicles that were empty or that contained membranous or electron-dense material. Based on gross, microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural changes, the meningeal neoplasm was diagnosed as an atypical granular cell tumor.

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