Responses of the Occupational Therapy Profession to the Perspective of the Disability Movement, Part 1

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Craddock
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disability Movement

Since the 1960s, people with disabilities have been developing their own perspective on what it means to be disabled. At the vanguard of this development was the independent living movement which, with other organisations of disabled people, identified disabled people as a group experiencing a particular oppression, disabled by social processes and handicapped by society's lack of commitment to the creation of enabling environments. Part 1 of this article examines the genesis and development of the disability movement. The ideas and analysis that the disability movement has generated and its critique of the medical model of disability are outlined, and its impact — both ideological and legislative — is reviewed. The changing professional philosophy of occupational therapy is described and the impact on it of changing social values is assessed. Part 2 will review the explicit responses of the occupational therapy profession to the disability movement. The validity of the social model of disability for occupational therapy interventions will be considered and an analysis will be presented of the implications for the profession's philosophy and practice of the adoption of the social model of disability in appropriate areas of practice.

Responses of the Occupational Therapy Profession to the Perspective of the Disability Movement, Part 2

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Craddock
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Disability Movement ◽  
Model Of Practice

In part 1 of this article, the origins and development of the disability movement were described. The movement's perspective of a social model of disability and its critique of the adoption of a medical model of practice by the rehabilitation professions were discussed. The evolving professional philosophy of the occupational therapy profession was explored. In part 2, the explicit responses of the occupational therapy profession in the UK and in the USA to the concerns of the disability movement are described. The implications for the philosophy and practice of occupational therapy of the adoption of a social model of disability in appropriate interventions are discussed. The conclusion is reached that the occupational therapy profession has yet to debate fully the validity of the social model of disability for appropriate areas of professional practice. The author foresees two major effects of its adoption: a clarification of the philosophical base underpinning such practice and a changed professional role.

scholarly journals The Role of Estonian Community Settings for Achieving Independent Living for Persons with Disabilities in Eastern European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-142
Author(s):  
Vugar Mammadov
Keyword(s):  
Independent Living ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medical Model Of Disability ◽  
Eastern European Countries

This article is dedicated to analysing the implementation of Article 19 (paragraphs ‘b’ and ‘c’) of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (hereby: the CRPD) in community settings in Estonia and how Estonian experiences can shift the development of independent living and deinstitutionalization in other non-European Union member countries of Eastern Europe. In this regard, this article depicts the details of independent living for persons with mental health problems according to the UN CRPD Committee. Furthermore, the introduction of Maarja Küla (village) SA and its role in providing independent living has been highlighted as well. Finally, the primary obstacles in Eastern European countries ahead of establishing an independent living as well as solutions for the implementation of Article 19 are underlined, and as an author, I have emphasized how to foster deinstitutionalization in the conclusion. In most congregated community settings where organizational management techniques have relied on the medical model of disability rather than the social model of disability, inhabitants suffer from legal incapacitation in most cases. These community settings had been established before the adoption of the CRPD, but gradually have been developed and adjusted to the fundamental principles of the Convention. In my view, a human rights approach has been emerging in such places, though the UN CRPD Committee has urged to rectify management methods and to promote the social model of disability.  This research paper also aims to describe the current situation in community settings that has arisen following the pandemic and to find out scientific and practical solutions to abolish the remaining elements of the medical model of disability and to substitute the human rights approach towards a social model of disability in the management and philosophical views of community settings for persons with disabilities.

Disability, work, and welfare

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Barnes ◽  
Geof Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Independent Living ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Meaning Of Work ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
The Social ◽  
British Labour ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Recent Developments

This article engages with debates relating to social policy and disabled people’s exclusion from the British labour market. Drawing on recent developments from within the disabled people’s movement, in particular, the concept of independent living and the social model of disability, and the associated disability studies literature, a critical evaluation of orthodox sociological theories of work, unemployment, and under-employment in relation to disabled people’s exclusion from the workplace is provided. It is argued that hitherto, analyses of work and disability have failed to address in sufficient depth or breadth the various social and environmental barriers that confront disabled people. It is suggested therefore that a reconfiguration of the meaning of work for disabled people - drawing on and commensurate with disabled people’s perspectives as expressed by the philosophy of independent living - and a social model analysis of their oppression is needed and long overdue.

scholarly journals The repercussion of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Brazilian courts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 2601-2627
Author(s):  
Pedro Pulzatto Peruzzo ◽  
Enrique Pace Lima Flores
Keyword(s):  
Social Model ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Optional Protocol ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) was the first treaty to be incorporated as a Constitutional law, according to the determination of the Brazilian Constitution for human rights treaties. In addition, the Optional Protocol was also promulgated, recognizing the competence of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities to supervise the application of the treaty in Brazil. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Committee and Convention in Brazilian courts, specifically in the courts that have jurisdiction to rule on cases based on treaties, that is, the Federal Justice. An extensive survey of judicial decisions was carried out in order to verify whether the protections of the treaty are applied. This research focus on the efforts to ensure the rights of persons with disabilities on the Brazilian legal system, based on the commitment to international cooperation to guarantee and promote the rights and principles announced in the CRPD, particularly regarding the social model of disability, which is the main protective concept used in the treaty.

scholarly journals Daouidi v Bootes Plus SL and the Concept of ‘Disability’ in EU Anti-Discrimination Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Ferri
Keyword(s):  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Attitudinal Barriers ◽  
Direct Discrimination ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

Daouidi v Bootes Plus SL is one the latest decisions in which the CJEU has been directly confronted with the concept of disability in the realm of EU anti-discrimination legislation. In particular, in this judgment, the Court attempted to identify when the dismissal of a worker due to temporary incapacity of an unknown duration may constitute direct discrimination on the grounds of disability. This decision appears to be significant in that, for the first time, the CJEU discusses the meaning of ‘long-term limitation’ for the purpose of Directive 2000/78. Although the Court treads carefully, it attempts to further elucidate and bring new elements to the definition of disability in EU anti-discrimination law. In spite of the fact that the Court is potentially widening the notion of disability, it appears, once again, quite reticent in its approach to the role of social, environmental and attitudinal barriers in disabling an individual, and remains somewhat ‘trapped’ in the medical model of disability. All in all, this analysis endeavors to highlight that the CJEU is struggling to move beyond a rhetorical recognition of the social model of disability and to apply this in practice.

scholarly journals Ewolucja pojęcia niepełnosprawności na gruncie prawa polskiego

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 246-253
Author(s):  
Michał Skóra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

Disability is one of the greatest problems of modern society. It is a multidimensional phenomenon, as evidenced by numerous classifications and definitions of disability, created by representatives of various fields of science. The medical and social model of disability is adopted in the literature. Analyzing legal regulations, it should be stated that the social model of disability prevails, i.e. limitations concerning disabled people and their ability to function in society. The author describes the definition of disability on the basis of national legislation.

scholarly journals The Social Model of Disability and Music Therapy: Practical Suggestions for the Emerging Clinical Practitioner

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gross
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medical Model Of Disability ◽  
The Individual

More and more music therapists are becoming aware of the social model of disability. The social model of disability maintains that the locus of disability rests in the capacity for society to create barriers for people with physical or mental differences. Much of music therapy practice still invests in the medical model of disability, which maintains that disability is an inherent personal flaw in the individual which requires remediation. This paper argues that music therapy practice should adopt the social model of disability, and maintains that, in particular, music-centered music therapy is one theory of music therapy that resonates well with the social model of disability. The paper includes advice for the emerging music therapy clinician on how better to incorporate social model of disability perspectives in practice based on the work of previous scholars who have written extensively about the social model.

The Disability Rights Movement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Scotch ◽  
Kara Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Medical Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Disability Rights ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Disability Rights Movement ◽  
Disability Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Conceptual Underpinning

This chapter provides an overview of the social movement advocating for disability rights, including its origins, goals, strategies, structure, and impact. The chapter’s primary focus is on the movement in the United States, although developments in other nations are also discussed. The chapter reviews the origins of the disability rights movement in the 20th century in response to stigma and discrimination associated with disabilities and the medical model of disability; addresses the movement’s advocacy strategies, as well as the social model of disability that provided the conceptual underpinning for its goals and activities; and describes how the major components of the movement, including cross-disability organization, were brought together through collaboration and the common experiences of disability culture.

Disability: Physical Disabilities

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Clute
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Human Diversity ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
The Social ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities

Physical disability is traditionally defined by society's view of atypical function. The medical model offers information on factors contributing to physical disability, including genetics, injury, and disease. The social model of disability, however, defines the societal responses, not the physical differences, as disabling. People with physical disabilities have unique characteristics and experiences that fall into the broad range of human diversity. They belong as full participants in society. Social workers must focus on working in respectful partnerships with people with physical disabilities to change environments and attitudes. This will help build a just society that honors diversity. This entry addresses multiple factors that cause disability, from genetics to environment, as viewed through the medical model. The social model view of “the problem” is offered in comparison. It also introduces the wide diversity of people with physical disability. The entry discusses two major societal responses to physical disability. Environmental modification is one approach. A more recent approach, Universal Access, involves upfront design of environments to meet diverse needs. The final sections explain implications for social workers and lays groundwork for action. Creating access and respectful partnerships are foundations of the work ahead. It is difficult to define physical disability without situating the discussion in the model used to view and deal with human diversity. This discussion is based on the social model of disability, a view of disability that sees the environment as disabling, not the individual condition. Discussion of the medical model is offered as a contrast. (For a more complete discussion of disability models, see Mackelprang's Disability: An Overview in this publication.)

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