scholarly journals Infrastructural nature

2021 ◽  
pp. 030913252199391
Author(s):  
Sara H Nelson ◽  
Patrick Bigger
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Conservation Science ◽  
Conservation Investment

The assertion that ‘ecosystems are infrastructure’ is now common in conservation science and ecosystem management. This article interrogates this infrastructural ontology, which we argue underpins diverse practices of conservation investment and ecosystem management focused on the strategic management of ecosystem functions to sustain and secure human life. We trace the genealogies and geographies of infrastructural nature as an ontology and paradigm of investment that coexists (sometimes in tension) with extractivist commodity regimes. We draw links between literatures on the political economy of ecosystem services and infrastructure and highlight three themes that hold promise for future research: labor, territory, and finance.

From Globalisation to Revolution? The Porfirian Political Economy: An Essay on Issues and Interpretations

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAOLO RIGUZZI
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Mexican Revolution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Current State ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
State Finance

AbstractThis essay evaluates the political economy of Mexico during the Porfirian period (1876–1911), with the aim of discussing advances in scholarship and presenting an outline of the elements for a future research agenda. To this end, the essay examines the current state of knowledge on four crucial aspects of the Mexican economy: growth and its dimensions; the state, finance and economic strategies; the construction and functioning of the internal market; and the international economic relations of Mexico during the first period of globalisation. In particular, it assesses the arguments that link features of Porfirian economic organisation with the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution in 1910.

Trans Pornography

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Pezzutto ◽  
Lynn Comella
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Transgender Studies ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
Industry Trends

Abstract This article introduces the field of trans pornography studies and makes a case for why studying it matters. We locate trans pornography within the broader field of porn studies, while also pointing to its importance to transgender studies. We map the history of trans pornography and examine the wider social, political, and economic forces contributing to the transformation of trans porn into a genre of mainstream straight porn. We discuss the economic organization of the trans porn industry and current industry trends, including geographical shifts in production and the rise of alternative production platforms. We address areas of future research and the need for more scholarship on the political economy of the trans porn industry, audiences and consumers, transmasculine representation in pornography, and research that focuses on trans porn production outside the United States.

The Political Economy of Dynamic Elections: Accountability, Commitment, and Responsiveness

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 916-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Duggan ◽  
César Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Term Limits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Imperfect Monitoring ◽  
Electoral Equilibrium ◽  
Commitment Problems ◽  
General Conditions

We survey the literature on dynamic elections in the traditional settings of spatial preferences and rent seeking under perfect and imperfect monitoring of politicians. We define stationary electoral equilibrium, which encompasses notions used by Barro (1973), Ferejohn (1986), Banks and Sundaram (1998), and others. We show that repeated elections mitigate the commitment problems of politicians and voters, and that a responsive democracy result holds under general conditions. Term limits, however, attenuate the responsiveness finding. We also touch on related applied work, and we point to areas for fruitful future research, including the connection between dynamic models of politics and economics. ( JEL D72, D82, D83)

The Political Economy and Metal Trade in Bronze Age Europe: Understanding Regional Variability in Terms of Comparative Advantages and Articulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Earle ◽  
Johan Ling ◽  
Claes Uhnér ◽  
Zofia Stos-Gale ◽  
Lene Melheim
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Individual Strategies ◽  
Group Ownership

In the second millennium cal BC, a new metal conquered Europe: the alloy of copper and tin that improved the quality of tools and weapons. This development, we argue, initiated a framework for a new political economy. We explore how a political economy approach may help understand the European Bronze Age by focussing on regional comparative advantages in long-distance trade and resulting bottlenecks in commodity flows. Links existed in commodity chains, where obligated labour and ownership of resources helped mobilize surpluses, thus creating potential for social segments to control the production and flows of critical goods. The political economy of Bronze Age Europe would thus represent a transformation in how would-be leaders mobilized resources to support their political ends. The long-distance trade in metals and other commodities created a shift from local group ownership towards increasingly individual strategies to obtain wealth from macro-regional trade. We construct our argument to make sense of available data, but recognize that our model's primary purpose is to structure future research to test the model.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of Ivory as a “Conflict Resource”

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha White
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Media

The past year has seen attention directed, both in policy discourse and the media, towards the implication of Central African non-state armed groups in poaching and ivory trafficking. Engaging with both mainstream political economy analyses and work on the “geographies of resource wars,” this paper turns to the case of ivory as a “conflict resource,” through the case study of the Lord’s Resistance Army. It begins by outlining the contextual specificities and conditions of access, before assessing the compatibility of the resource’s biophysical, spatial and material characteristics with the needs of regional armed groups and the LRA in particular. Though the direction of causality is difficult to untangle, the paper finds that poaching and the trade in ivory by armed groups in Central Africa appears to incur low opportunity costs for relatively high potential gains. Moreover, that ivory qualifies as a “conflict resource” under Le Billon’s (2008) definition in the extent to which it is likely to be implicated in the duration of conflict in the region, both financing and benefitting from a context of insecurity. Future research would benefit from more accessible and robust data; interesting avenues would include an evaluation of the effects of the increasing militarization of poaching strategies - including shoot-to-kill policies - and the potential of igniting grievance-based conflict.

Influence of humanitarian assistances on ecosystem services in Bangladesh coast

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
M. N. Amin ◽  
S. ​ Islam ◽  
M. S. Rahman ◽  
S. S. Snigdha
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Coastal Ecosystem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Training Support ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Bangladesh Coast

The coastal ecosystem of Bangladesh is diverse and the life and livelihood of the people are largely dependent on ecosystem services (ES). The frequent natural disasters negatively influence coastal ecosystem services and consequently interrupt human life and resources. Government and non-government organizations provide humanitarian assistance to the local community to recover damages induced by disasters in coastal areas. In this research, we used participatory workshops (n=4) and face-to-face questionnaire surveys (n=131) to study the influence of humanitarian assistance on ecosystem services on the Bangladesh coast. Our study revealed prominent ecosystem services in the study area; those were provisioning services: crops, livestock, capture fisheries, freshwater; regulating services: erosion regulation, climate regulation, natural hazard regulation; cultural services: recreation and tourism, boating to the Meghna coast, migratory birds watching. The livelihood of people was heavily impacted by the disasters; however, training support guided them to manage their income by selling their commercially produced animals (e.g., cattle, goats and poultry) before disaster seasons. Humanitarian assistance for supplementary nutrient supply, sanitation and drinking water facilities influenced the unwanted extraction of natural resources from the fragile ecosystems after the disaster. Our study suggested that future research should focus on the influence of one-to-one humanitarian assistance, to what extent ES improvement through this assistance is achievable for natural disaster protection on the Bangladesh coast.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 227-240
Author(s):  
Angela J. Aguayo
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Political Information ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Participatory Media ◽  
Collective Identification

This chapter centers on the idea of the documentary commons as a framework for understanding documentary’s engagement with social change. In the developing public commons, the documentary impulse is a way of life and articulation of political information that produces a kind of democratic exchange with new patterns of public communication. With the pervasive use of cameras and live broadcasts, the documentary impulse is realizing its potential to create participatory media cultures. Among the topics in this chapter are the possibilities for future research and contributions to theories of social change, participatory media cultures, collective identification, and agency. This chapter also addresses the political economy of social change documentary, the ideological glass ceiling of mass media, and the role of professional opportunity and education in shaping social change expectations.

Environmental Relationships of the Internal Political Economy of Marketing Channels

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Robert Dwyer ◽  
M. Ann Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Fluid Channel ◽  
Decision Structure ◽  
Channel Environment ◽  
Channel Structures

The political economy framework illuminates interplay between the internal and external sociopolitical and economic forces of marketing channels. Framing the collection and analysis of data from retailer informants on channel environments, configuration, and decision structure, a theoretical model is developed for explaining interorganizational responses to uncertainty and dependence constraints of the channel environment. Heterogeneity is hypothesized to precipitate complex and fluid channel structures as a means of coping with uncertainty. In contrast, high levels of variability in the output environment are expected to foster vertical integration and bureaucratization as a means of reducing dependence. Support for both hypotheses is reported and implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals The First Political-Ecological Database and Its Use in Episode Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy C. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Ecological Theory ◽  
Online News ◽  
The Political ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Conservation Science ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Acinonyx Jubatus ◽  
Management Policies

Biodiversity loss is a consequence of socio-ecological processes. Observations on anthropogenic actions toward ecosystems coupled to observations on ecosystem metrics are needed to help understand these processes so that ecosystem management policies can be derived and implemented to curb such destruction. Such data needs to be maintained in searchable data portals. To this end, this article delivers a first-of-its-kind relational database of observations on coupled anthropogenic and ecosystem actions. This Ecosystem Management Actions Taxonomy (EMAT) database is founded on a taxonomy designed to support models of political-ecological processes. Structured query language scripts for building and querying these databases are described. The use of episodes in the construction of political-ecological theory is also introduced. These are frequently occurring sequences of political-ecological actions. Those episodes that test positive for causality can aid in improving a political-ecological theory by driving modifications to an attendant computational model so that it generates them. Two relational databases of political-ecological actions are described that are built from online news articles and published data on species abundance. The first concerns the management of the East African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) population, and the second is focused on the management of rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) in South Africa. The cheetah database is used to study the political drivers of cheetah habitat loss, and the rhino database is used study the political drivers of rhino poaching. An EMAT database is a fundamental breakthrough because is provides a language for conservation science to identify the objects and phenomena that it is about. Therefore, maintaining political-ecological data in EMAT databases will advance conservation science and consequently, improve management policies that are based on that science.

scholarly journals A Bigger Prison

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-58
Author(s):  
Samuli Schielke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Migrant Labour ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
Arab Gulf

How does existential mobility—the sense of being able to move forward in one’s life—relate to the experience of borders and limitations? Tawfiq is an Egyptian man who once longed to migrate to Europe or the United States, but has since then worked on and off as migrant worker in the Arab Gulf states. He has reflected on this question by using the metaphor of walls: prison walls over which one wants to jump, new walls which one faces next, walls that gently guide you to a certain direction, and the idea that facing and overcoming obstacles is what human life is about. Based on a longitudinal fieldwork with Egyptian labour migrants to the Gulf, this article takes up migrant labourers’ reflections about different senses of migration and travel, dreams, money, walls, limits, escape, steps, stability, return, postponement, forward movement and loops. Such ideas are helpful for thinking about the existential pursuits of moving forward in life, the moral shape of social becoming, and the political economy of migrant labour. Taken together, they also contribute to a non-binary understanding of movement and stasis, limits and openings, and the direction and magnitude of steps on the path of social becoming.

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