Design and Performance Analysis of Pedestrian Crossing Facilities for Continuous Flow Intersections

2005 ◽  
Vol 1939 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramanujan Jagannathan ◽  
Joe G. Bared
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Traffic Performance ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Pedestrian Level Of Service ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing

Although concepts of the continuous flow intersection (CFI) have been around for approximately four decades, minimal or no literature describing studies that have analyzed pedestrian traffic performance at these intersections is available. Several studies have reported on the qualitative and quantitative benefits for the vehicular traffic performance of CFIs in comparison with the benefits for the vehicular traffic performance of conventional intersections but have provided minimal or no discussion about pedestrian traffic performance. As a novel intersection design, many important considerations are required to design pedestrian accesses and crossings at CFIs without compromising pedestrian safety and vehicular traffic performance. In this paper, the design methodologies for providing pedestrian access and related pedestrian signal timings are discussed. Modeling was conducted on three typical geometries for CFIs with base signal timings optimized for vehicular traffic performance. The results indicate an acceptable pedestrian level of service of B or C on the basis of the average delay per stop experienced by any pedestrian for pedestrian crossings at the typical CFI geometries modeled. All pedestrians served at the CFIs are accommodated within two cycles for a typical signal cycle length ranging from 60 to 100 s.

Calibrating Pedestrian Level-of-Service Metrics with 3-D Visualization

2000 ◽  
Vol 1705 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Miller ◽  
Jeremy A. Bigelow ◽  
Nicholas J. Garber
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
Pedestrian Level Of Service ◽  
Walking Environment ◽  
Business District ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing

Unlike the case with airport terminals or the central business district, the quality of suburban pedestrian facilities is most likely affected less by congestion and more by safety, the walking environment, and aesthetics. Because the Highway Capacity Manual does not explicitly capture such factors when measuring pedestrian level of service (LOS), researchers have proposed innovative rating scales that do. These scales use either measurable characteristics, such as walkway width, median openings, and signalization parameters, or user perceptions, such as continuity and convenience, to rate a pedestrian facility. Unfortunately, the results of these scales are not always easy to interpret. For example, in a scaling system for pedestrian facilities in which a raised curb median counts 6 points and a blinking pedestrian-crossing signal counts 3 points, the developers of the scale believed that the median would be twice as valuable to pedestrians as the crossing signal. But would pedestrians agree? A scaling system was developed for pedestrian LOS and calibrated using visualization (computer-aided modeling techniques consisting of still shots and animations). Subjects’ perceived ratings of a pedestrian facility after they viewed still pictures and animations of the facility were compared with the computed rating of the facility from an LOS scale. The chief value of this method is that it helps ensure that pedestrian crossing needs are systematically considered and that engineers, planners, and the public agree on the calibration of a pedestrian LOS scale. The methodology is also applicable in urban areas where pedestrian needs beyond physical capacity are to be explicitly considered. The approach is original in that visualization as a simulation and data analysis tool was used to calibrate a pedestrian LOS scale.

Traffic Performance of Signalized Intersections with Protected Pre-Signal Established Upstream

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 1299-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Ping Zhou ◽  
Hong Bin Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Signal Timing ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
Traffic Performance ◽  
Waiting Area ◽  
The Relationship

An intersection with protected pre-signal is proposed in the paper to explore the potential capacity of intersections. The space between the main signal and the pre-signal is isolated as an exclusive waiting area. The relationship between the capacity and the arrival rates in the design is investigated and the sensitivities of length of waiting area, signal timing and arrival rates are presented. The comparison among Continuous Flow Intersection, the method Xuan (2011) proposed and the design in the paper is proposed. The results show that Median U-Turn intersections with protected pre-signal is expected to increase the capacity and decrease the average delay of intersections.

scholarly journals Determination of Pedestrian Level of Service at Signalized Midblock Locations for Mixed Traffic Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2751-2755
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Macroscopic Model ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Pedestrian Travel ◽  
Pedestrian Level Of Service ◽  
Assess Quality ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing

walking is considered as one of the most important modes of transportation in India. But it is observed that the facilities for the pedestrians are ignored during design, planning and maintenance stage. But these days due to increase in population in urban areas, traffic congestion has become a major problem for safe pedestrian crossing. It is necessary to objectively quantify how well roadways accommodate pedestrian travel. Estimation of pedestrian level of service (PLOS) is the most common approach to assess quality of operations of pedestrian facilities. Due to more urbanisation and also large distance between the successive intersections people are forced to cross at their respective midblock. This paper aims in understanding pedestrian characteristics or pedestrian behaviour which is a fundamental in pedestrian planning process and finding the level of service for the pedestrians (PLOS) at selected signalised midblock. Pedestrian data required was collected using video graphic technique during two peak hours in a day at Kukatpally and Nizampet signalised midblocks in Hyderabad city. The factors considered for the calculation of PLOS are their delay, crossing time, speed, density and volume of pedestrians. Greenshields’s macroscopic model was used to resolve important parameters like free speed (vf ) and jam density (kj ) by plotting their respective graphs. Finally, regression analysis is carried in R software to calculate pedestrian LOS using the above factors considered. Clustering technique is used to obtain the LOS scores for the collected pedestrian data. LOS calculated from model outputs is compared with the values in Indo HCM 2017.

Evaluation of Pedestrian Level of Service at Major Intersection of South Bengaluru City

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Somannavar Raksheet ◽  
Sunil S ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Level Of Service ◽  
Pedestrian Level Of Service

Effect of pedestrian traffic light on traffic flow accompany with pedestrian crossing

2021 ◽  
pp. 126059
Author(s):  
Yanhong Wang ◽  
Chong Zhang ◽  
Pengbin Ji ◽  
Tianning Si ◽  
Zhenzhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing

scholarly journals Pedestrian Level of Service: the Impact of Social Groups on Pedestrian Flow Characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 839-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvezia M. Cepolina ◽  
Federico Menichini ◽  
Paloma Gonzalez Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Pedestrian Level Of Service ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Implementation of a Double Continuous Flow Intersection in Riyadh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Bashir ◽  
Rana Imam ◽  
Ammar Sharan ◽  
Ala AlSoud
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Intersection Configuration ◽  
Alternative Designs ◽  
Intersection Design

The continuous growth of population in the capital, coupled with increased auto ownership and dependence has worsened traffic conditions on Riyadh's road network. Conventional methods to address this increased demand could be costly and insufficient. There has been greater interest in using alternative measures to improve the performance and safety characteristics on main corridors, particularly those that arrive at signalized intersections. Heavy left turning traffic at these intersections is one of the main causes for delays. Previous research has investigated several types of alternative designs termed "unconventional" arterial intersection designs that could minimize the effect of left turning traffic. This paper provides decision makers with an objective assessment on the efficiency of implementing an unconventional intersection design, the Double Continuous Flow Intersection (DCFI) configuration, to improve the operational and safety characteristics of an existing major signalized arterial intersection in Saudi Arabia. In this study, the Kingdom Hospital Intersection in Riyadh was selected, as it is one of the most congested intersections in Riyadh. Using the collected traffic data, the micro-simulation program VISSIM was used to analyze and compare the efficiency of both configurations. When compared to the existing conventional signalized intersection design, it was found that the proposed Double Continuous Flow Intersection (DCFI) unconventional intersection design decreased the average delay per vehicle by 99 seconds. The proposed Double Continuous Flow Intersection configuration also improved the Level of Service at the intersection from level F (152 sec/veh average delay) to level D (53 sec/veh average delay).

scholarly journals Is the indonesian regulation of standard level of service of a pedestrian path fulfill pedestrians’ convenience

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Amirotul Mahmudah ◽  
Slamet Legowo ◽  
Agus Sumarsono ◽  
Studyamadyakomunika Linta ◽  
Benny Irawan
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Commercial Area ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
Pedestrian Level Of Service

Indonesia published Regulation No: 03/PRT/M/2014 about the Pedestrian Level of Service (LOS), consist of pedestrian movement characteristics and sidewalk capacity, as like the Bangkok standard, there is no parameter that represents pedestrian interest. Australian standards develop a Level of Service with the main based on categories that relate with pedestrian convenience. Within this study, identifying Indonesian pedestrian interests done by measuring pedestrian perception of convenience. This study aims to check the suitability between this standard pedestrian LOS and pedestrian perception of convenience in a commercial area, Pasar Gede market. The study results, based on Indonesia regulation LOS, the pedestrian path around Pasar Gede market is categorized as level A at all sections, and this is the same as the Bangkok standards. According to the Australian’s standard, the LOS is an A for the West section, B for the North section, and C for the South section. The pedestrians have perceptions of moderately discomfort for all sections. This means that although the pedestrian path fulfills the level of service for Indonesian Government regulation, it does not fulfill user satisfaction. Therefore, the Indonesian LOS standard for pedestrian paths doesn’t provide equity for the pedestrian.

Principles and practice in impact assessment for academic libraries

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Library Assessment ◽  
And Performance

Purpose This paper aims to examine the principles that underpin library assessment, methods used for impact and performance evaluation and how academic libraries should use the findings, and it discusses how value frameworks help. Design/methodology/approach This is a literature review covering aspects of value (value propositions, value co-creation), value frameworks (including the 2015 ACRL framework, Holbrook typology with worked example), data analytics and collaborative projects including LibQUAL+ initiatives and the use of balanced scorecard principles (including a values scorecard). Findings The use of data analytics in library assessment requires collaboration among library services to develop reliable data sets. Scorecards help ongoing impact and performance evaluation. Queries that arise may require a framework, or logic model, to formulate suitable questions and assemble evidence (qualitative and quantitative) to answer new questions about the value of library services. The perceived value framework of Holbrook’s typology, the values scorecard and the ACRL framework all support the deeper level of inquiry required. Research limitations/implications Includes examples of possible application of frameworks. Practical implications A value framework might help data analytic approaches in combining qualitative and quantitative data. Social implications Impact assessment may require assessing how value is co-created with library users in use of e-resources and open data. Originality/value The study contrasts the varying approaches to impact evaluation and library assessment in academic libraries, and it examines more in-depth value frameworks.

Voice, Soma, and Psyche: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Opera Singers

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Maria Sandgren
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Mere Existence ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Opera Singers ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Study ◽  
The Voice

Specific problems in the professional life of opera singers were examined in an exploratory study with both a qualitative and quantitative approach. Semi-structured interviews involved 15 opera singers who were asked to report problems related to their professional work, coping strategies, motivational factors, and, particularly, strongly emotional singing experiences. Psychological problems were most frequent: the opera singers’ preoccupation with the risk of vocal indisposition, i.e., not being able to sing and worry about others’ opinions about their performance. A specific habit of singers involved testing the voice (vocalizing) regularly to prove its quality and mere existence. Concern with physical problems centered on respiratory tract symptoms that could cause vocal indisposition. Psychosocial problems concerned mostly difficulties in maintaining a family life due to travel and irregular working hours. A questionnaire was designed to collect qualitative data and sent to 36 permanently employed and 36 freelance opera singers. Response rate was 67%. Differences regarding singers’ ages, genders, and occupational situations were examined. Significant positive correlations were found between worry about others’ opinions and a number of variables: somatic problems, testing the voice, depression, and performance anxiety.

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