Fusing Multiple Sources of Data to Understand Ride-Hailing Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (6) ◽  
pp. 214-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe F. Dias ◽  
Patrícia S. Lavieri ◽  
Taehooie Kim ◽  
Chandra R. Bhat ◽  
Ram M. Pendyala
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Service Usage ◽  
Trip Purpose ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Share Data ◽  
And Shifts

The rise of ride-hailing services has presented a number of challenges and opportunities in the urban mobility sphere. On the one hand, they allow travelers to summon and pay for a ride through their smartphones while tracking the vehicle’s location. This helps provide mobility for many who are traditionally transportation disadvantaged and not well served by public transit. Given the convenience and pricing of these mobility-on-demand services, their tremendous growth in the past few years is not at all surprising. However, this growth comes with the risk of increased vehicular travel and reduced public transit use, increased congestion, and shifts in mobility patterns which are difficult to predict. Unfortunately, data about ride-hailing service usage are hard to find; service providers typically do not share data and traditional survey data sets include too few trips for these new modes to develop significant behavioral models. As a result, transport planners have been unable to adequately account for these services in their models and forecasting processes. In an effort to better understand the use of these services, this study employs a data fusion process to gain deeper insights about the characteristics of ride-hailing trips and their users. Trip data made publicly available by RideAustin is fused with census and parcel data to infer trip purpose, origin/destination information, and user demographics. The fused data is then used to estimate a model of frequency of ride-hailing trips by multiple purposes.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Aggregate Mobility Sensing Data for the Synthesis of Disaggregate Multimodal Tours in Megacities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haris Ballis ◽  
Loukas Dimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Private Information ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Telecommunication Service ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Transport Mode ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Trip Purpose ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Time Period

The unprecedented volume of urban sensing data has allowed the tracking of individuals at remarkably high resolution. As an example, Telecommunication Service Providers (TSPs) cannot provide their service unless they continuously collect information regarding the location of their customers. In conjunction with appropriate post-processing methodologies, these traces can be augmented with additional dimensions such as the activity of the user or the transport mode used for the completion of journeys. However, justified privacy concerns have led to the enforcement of legal regulations aiming to hinder, if not entirely forbid, the use of such private information even for purely scientific purposes. One of the most widely applied methods for the communication of mobility information without raising anonymity concerns is the aggregation of trips in origin–destination (OD) matrices. Previous work has showcased the possibility to exploit multi-period and purpose-segmented ODs for the synthesis of realistic disaggregate tours. The current study extends this framework by incorporating the multimodality dimension into the framework. In particular, the study evaluates the potential of synthesizing multimodal, diurnal tours for the case where the available ODs are also segmented by the transport mode. In addition, the study proves the scalability of the method by evaluating its performance on a set of time period-, trip purpose-, and transport mode-segmented, large-scale ODs describing the mobility patterns for millions of citizens of the megacity of Tokyo, Japan. The resulting modeled tours utilized over 96% of the inputted trips and recreated the observed mobility traces with an accuracy exceeding 80%. The high accuracy of the framework establishes the potential to utilize privacy-safe, aggregate urban mobility data for the synthesis of highly informative and contextual disaggregate mobility information. Implications are significant since the creation of such granular mobility information from widely available data sources like aggregate ODs can prove particularly useful for deep explanatory analysis or for advanced transport modeling purposes (e.g., agent-based, microsimulation modeling).

scholarly journals Mobility Trends before and after the Pandemic Outbreak: Analyzing the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona through the Lens of Equality and Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7908
Author(s):  
Lucía Mejía-Dorantes ◽  
Lídia Montero ◽  
Jaume Barceló
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Before And After

The spatial arrangement of a metropolis is of utmost importance to carry out daily activities, which are constrained by space and time. Accessibility is not only shaped by the spatial and temporal dimension, but it is also defined by individual characteristics, such as gender, impairments, or socioeconomic characteristics of the citizens living or commuting in this area. This study analyzes mobility trends and patterns in the metropolitan area of Barcelona before and after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, with special emphasis on gender and equality. The study draws on multiple sources of information; however, two main datasets are analyzed: two traditional travel surveys from the transport metropolitan area of Barcelona and two coming from smartphone data. The results show that gender plays a relevant role when analyzing mobility patterns, as already highlighted in other studies, but, after the pandemic outbreak, some population groups were more likely to change their mobility patterns, for example, highly educated population groups and those with higher income. This study also highlights that e-activities may shape new mobility patterns and living conditions for some population segments, but some activities cannot be replaced by IT technologies. For all these reasons, city and transport planning should foster sustainable development policies, which will provide the maximum benefit for society.

scholarly journals Gender Inequality in Safety and Security Perceptions in Railway Stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4007
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Coppola ◽  
Fulvio Silvestri
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Disaggregate Data

Recent studies have shown that gender is the personal aspect that mostly affects mobility patterns and travel behaviors. It has been observed, for instance, that female perception of unsafety and insecurity when traveling using public transport forces them to make unwanted travel choices, such as avoiding traveling at certain times of day and to specific destinations. In order to improve the attractiveness of public transport services, this gender gap must not be overlooked. This paper aims at contributing to research in gendered mobility by investigating differences in safety and security perceptions in railway stations, and by identifying which policies could be effective in bridging any existing gap. The methodology includes the collection of disaggregate data through a mixed Revealed Preference/Stated Preference survey, and the estimation of fixed and random parameters behavioral models. Results from a medium-sized Italian railway station show that female travelers feel safer in the presence of other people; they prefer intermodal infrastructures close to the entrance of the station and commercial activities in the internal premises. Moreover, unlike male travelers, they do not appreciate the presence of hedges and greenery outside stations.

Inequality in active ageing: evidence from a new individual-level index for European countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKKEL BARSLUND ◽  
MARTEN VON WERDER ◽  
ASGHAR ZAIDI
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Share Data ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTIn the context of emerging challenges and opportunities associated with population ageing, the study of inequality in active-ageing outcomes is critical to the design of appropriate and effective social policies. While there is much discussion about active ageing at the aggregate country level, little is known about inequality in active-ageing experiences within countries. Based on the existing literature on active ageing, this paper proposes an individual-level composite active ageing index based on Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data. The individual-level nature of the index allows us to analyse inequality in experiences of active ageing within selected European countries. One important motivation behind measuring active ageing at the individual level is that it allows for a better understanding of unequal experiences of ageing, which may otherwise be masked in aggregate-level measures of active ageing. Results show large differences in the distribution of individual-level active ageing across the 13 European countries covered and across age groups. Furthermore, there is a positive association between the country-level active ageing index and the equality of its distribution within a country. Hence, countries with the lowest average active ageing index tend to have the most unequal distribution in active-ageing experiences. For nine European countries, where temporal data are also available, we find that inequality in active-ageing outcomes decreased in the period 2004 to 2013.

Transit Planning Optimization Under Ride-Hailing Competition and Traffic Congestion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keji Wei ◽  
Vikrant Vaze ◽  
Alexandre Jacquillat
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Nonlinear Program ◽  
Transit Planning ◽  
Planning Optimization ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Transit Agencies

With the soaring popularity of ride-hailing, the interdependence between transit ridership, ride-hailing ridership, and urban congestion motivates the following question: can public transit and ride-hailing coexist and thrive in a way that enhances the urban transportation ecosystem as a whole? To answer this question, we develop a mathematical and computational framework that optimizes transit schedules while explicitly accounting for their impacts on road congestion and passengers’ mode choice between transit and ride-hailing. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear program and solved using a bilevel decomposition algorithm. Based on computational case study experiments in New York City, our optimized transit schedules consistently lead to 0.4%–3% system-wide cost reduction. This amounts to rush-hour savings of millions of dollars per day while simultaneously reducing the costs to passengers and transportation service providers. These benefits are driven by a better alignment of available transportation options with passengers’ preferences—by redistributing public transit resources to where they provide the strongest societal benefits. These results are robust to underlying assumptions about passenger demand, transit level of service, the dynamics of ride-hailing operations, and transit fare structures. Ultimately, by explicitly accounting for ride-hailing competition, passenger preferences, and traffic congestion, transit agencies can develop schedules that lower costs for passengers, operators, and the system as a whole: a rare win–win–win outcome.

Indian Banking Sector: Challenges and Opportunities

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
K V Kamath ◽  
S S Kohli ◽  
P S Shenoy ◽  
Ranjana Kumar ◽  
R M Nayak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Product Delivery ◽  
Indian Banks

A distinguished panel of managing directors and chief executive officers of some of the well-known banks in the country responded to the theme on the challenges and opportunities faced by the Indian banking sector in the liberalized environment. The contributors addressed the following issues: Financial reforms with specific reference to Indian banking industry focusing on implications to the existing players, new entrants, multinationals, and consumer behaviour. New and emerging opportunities: consumer and commercial banking. Competition: players, intensity, market size, profitability, and growth. Responses to challenges with reference to restructuring, automation, product delivery, and process reengineering. Issues related to governance, regulation, and audit. Product engineering, product design, and product delivery. Consumer expectations, feedback, cross-selling, customer relationship management(CRM), market segmentation, marketing, branding, and new products introduction. HR related issues: VR5, compensation, education and training, empowerment, and career plan. Future scenario: Broad trends in the next five years and the expected position. E-banking and its importance. Salient features of the responses included: The Indian banking sector is at an exciting point in its evolution. The opportu- nities to enter new business and new markets and to deliver higher levels of customer service are immense. As the Indian banks position themselves as financial service providers, banking business is getting redefined. Technology is unsettling the earlier business processes and customer behaviour is undergoing change. These have enhanced the forces of competition. Competitive advantage can be achieved through harnessing the potentialavailable in the employees by creating a positive work culture and enlisting the support of all the employees to the organizational goals. Indian banks have adopted better operational strategies and upgraded their skills. They have withstood the initial challenges and have become more adaptive to the changing environment. In the complex and fast changing environment, the only sustainable competitive advantage for banks is to give the customer an optimum blend of technology and traditional service. Four trends are fundamentally altering the banking industry: consolidation, globalization of operations, development of new technologies, and universali- zation of banking.

The Death of the Legal Profession and the Future of Law

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Legal Service ◽  
Law Firm ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Technology Platforms ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Shifts

This article identifies the five large-scale changes that have happened or are happening to the legal profession: 1. How technology solutions have moved law from a wholly bespoke service to one that resembles an off-the-shelf commodity; 2. How globalisation and outsourcing upend traditional expectations that legal work is performed where the legal need is, and shifts production away from high cost centres to low cost centres; 3. How managed legal service providers – who are low cost, technology-enabled, and process-driven – threaten traditional commercial practice; 4. How technology platforms will diminish the significance of the law firm; and 5. How artificial intelligence and machine learning systems will take over a significant portion of lawyers’ work by the end of the 2020s. The article discusses how these changes have transformed or are transforming the practice of law, and explains how institutions within the law will need to respond if they are to remain relevant (or even to survive). More broadly, it examines the social implications of a legal environment where a large percentage of the practice of law is performed by institutions that sit outside the legal profession.

Analysis of Plug Drilling and Stuck Pipe Performance Metrics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Brown ◽  
Brian Gunby
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Surface Measurements ◽  
Performance Statistics

Abstract A large collection of data recorded during coiled tubing (CT) operations has been analyzed using proprietary pattern recognition algorithms to identify downhole events with a high degree of confidence. These events include the drilling of plugs and stuck pipe incidents. Key performance indicator (KPI) metrics derived from this analysis provide insight into industry trends over time and by region, and can provide useful performance benchmarks for service providers and operator companies. Depth, weight and pressure data from multiple sources has been streamed and stored on a shared platform over a five year period, creating a record of over 39,000 data files. This data was processed to generate KPI-type statistics for over 500,000 detected plugs and 760 possible stuck pipe scenarios, based on analysis of depth and weight signatures. Using surface measurements to quantify downhole events has some limitations, but the method has proven sufficiently robust to allow useful trends to be observed and evaluated. While the analysis is confidential to the parties involved, a contributing company can compare their ‘performance’ statistics (as evaluated by the third party algorithms) against averages representative of the industry at large, arranged by year and geographic region, to identify areas of relative strength or weakness. An operator company can likewise compare metrics for different service providers (derived solely from jobs performed for their company) for those which elect to share data in this fashion. This paper presents statistics for plug drilling operations and stuck pipe incidents in North America between 2016-2020, a period of significant change in the CT industry. Examples show how average plug drilling times have generally decreased, with less frequent use of short trips and fewer pipe cycles. The data shows that, for some companies, faster operations have come at the expense of more frequent or severe stuck pipe incidents, whereas other companies have experienced fewer such problems. This comparative analysis illustrates how downhole outcomes can be deduced from surface measurements, and resulting performance metrics can vary widely between companies, fields and geographic regions.

Cloud Computing and Enterprise Migration Strategies

2013 ◽  
pp. 156-175
Author(s):  
Rosiah Ho
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
It Investments ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Business Agility ◽  
Migration Strategies ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Computing Infrastructure

Cloud Computing is a prevalent issue for organizations nowadays. Different service providers are starting to roll out their Cloud services to organizations in both commercial and industrial sectors. As for an enterprise, the basic value proposition of Cloud Computing includes but not limit to the outsourcing of the in-house computing infrastructure without capitalizing their investment to build and maintain these infrastructures. Challenges have never been ceased for striking a balance between Cloud deployment and the need to meet the continual rise in demand for computing resources. It becomes a strategic tool to increase the competitive advantage and to survival in the market for an enterprise. To reconcile this conflict, IT leaders must find a new IT operating model which can enhance business agility, scalability, and shifts away from traditional capital-intensive IT investments.

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