scholarly journals Does One Bicycle Facility Type Fit All? Evaluating the Stated Usage of Different Types of Bicycle Facilities among Cyclists in Quebec City, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pier Veillette ◽  
Emily Grisé ◽  
Ahmed El-Geneidy
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Facility Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bicycle Infrastructure ◽  
Bicycle Lane ◽  
Strong Culture ◽  
New Infrastructure

For cities wishing to foster a strong culture of cycling, developing a network of safe and efficient bicycle infrastructure is paramount, yet not a straightforward task. Once transport professionals have selected the optimal location for a new bicycle facility, determining the optimal facility type is imperative to ensure that the new infrastructure encourages cycling trips and increases the safety of cyclists. The present study presents a nuanced approach to evaluating cyclists’ usage of various types of bicycle facilities. To achieve this goal, we employed survey data of cyclists in Quebec City, Canada, to study how many cyclists reported using a particular bicycle facility in the survey against their reasonable access to those reported facilities. To account for different preferences, behavior, and motivations among cyclists, we segmented our study sample into six types of cyclist. Finally, regression modeling was employed to predict the stated usage of three facility types present in the study area (recreational path, bi-directional protected lane, and painted lane), while controlling for access to this path, cyclist type, and personal and neighborhood characteristics. Results indicate that if a cyclist has access to each facility type on their commute, they are most likely to use a recreational path on their commute, followed by a painted bicycle lane. Respondents with access to a bi-directional lane are no more likely to report using this facility than respondents without access. Overall, this study is intended to encourage a dialog between cyclists and transport practitioners to uncover the factors contributing to effective bicycle infrastructure.

Bicycle Lanes and Business Success: A San Francisco Examination

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (7) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Poirier
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bicycle Infrastructure ◽  
Bicycle Lane ◽  
Over Time

This paper examines the impacts of bicycle infrastructure on business performance in San Francisco, CA. The purpose of the paper is to provide better information about the potential impacts of bicycle infrastructure on different types of business, thereby improving the planning process and providing more confidence in outcomes for stakeholders. The analysis uses secondary data on business employment and sales to measure the change over time in performance of businesses abutting a bicycle lane intervention, versus the performance of nearby but non-abutting businesses. The paper finds that bicycle lane interventions in San Francisco rarely produce profoundly negative outcomes, and that they are often associated with positive business performance outcomes. It also finds that different types of businesses experience bicycle lane interventions differently, with the implication being that transportation planners need to understand and carefully account for the mix of businesses in implementation sites.

Examining the “Referendum Theory” in Taiwan’s Local Elections

2020 ◽  
pp. 002190962096676
Author(s):  
Eric Chen-hua Yu ◽  
Kah-yew Lim
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Approval Rating ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
Incumbent Party ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Open Seat

This paper analyzes the extent to which the performances of local and national governments can shape local election outcomes. Specifically, we use various waves of survey data from Taiwan’s Elections and Democratization Studies (TEDS) to explore whether a person’s assessments of local and central government performances affect his/her vote for the incumbent party candidate. Our empirical findings partially verify the so-called “referendum theory” and can be summarized as follows: First, voters who hold a positive assessment of the performance of local government are more likely to vote for an incumbent who seeks reelection, but this is not necessarily the case for an incumbent party candidate in an open-seat contest. Second, Taiwan’s local elections cannot be regarded as referenda on the central government because the central government approval rating does not consistently affect vote choices across different types/levels of local elections.

scholarly journals Explaining the “Certification Gap” for Different Types of Oil Palm Smallholders in Riau Province, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakti Hutabarat ◽  
Maja Slingerland ◽  
Liesbeth Dries
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Certification Standards ◽  
Different Types

Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of palm oil, and its smallholder oil palm plantations involve more than 2.3 million farmers. The rapid expansion of the oil palm area, and resulting negative environmental and social impacts, has increased the demand for sustainability certification for palm oil products. This study investigates whether different types of smallholders face different barriers in complying with certification standards. The study uses survey data from 829 smallholders in Riau, Sumatra. First, an assessment is made of the gap between current management practices and practices required by Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil standards for different types of smallholders. Second, the article explores explanations for the gap between current and required practices. Finally, an investigation is made of the different starting points of different types of smallholders. Results indicate that the diversity between smallholders affects their prospects for certification. To date, this diversity in smallholders has not been taken into account in the application of Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil standards. This can help to explain the limited success of smallholder certifications in Indonesia.

Automated Highway System Field Operational Tests: Potential Sites, Configurations, and Characteristics

1998 ◽  
Vol 1651 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph W. Hall ◽  
Viral Thakker ◽  
Thomas A. Horan ◽  
Jesse Glazer ◽  
Chris Hoene
Keyword(s):  
Test Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Operational Tests ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Automated Highway ◽  
Local Agencies ◽  
System Prototype ◽  
Potential Test ◽  
New Infrastructure ◽  
Highway System

In 2002 the National Automated Highway System Consortium (NAHSC) is scheduled to complete its work on development of an automated highway system prototype. Upon completion of its mission, NAHSC is likely to be followed by one or more field operational tests (FOTs) in which ordinary drivers will use automated vehicles on a real roadway under test conditions. Described are objectives for such a test, potential test sites in California, and the merits of these sites for conducting different types of tests. The evaluation is based on interviews with local officials, visits to 14 sites around the state, and collection of detailed data on these highways. It is concluded that there exist many potential FOT sites provided that the federal government pays for a large portion of infrastructure costs and that the new infrastructure is turned over to local agencies upon completion of the test.

scholarly journals Public knowledge of alternative media in times of algorithmically personalized news

2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110210
Author(s):  
Tilman Klawier ◽  
Fabian Prochazka ◽  
Wolfgang Schweiger
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Alternative Media ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Actual Knowledge ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Different Types

Citizens are likely to encounter various types of alternative media online, especially on algorithmically personalized news channels (APNC) like social network sites or search engines. It is unclear, however, to what degree they are aware of these outlets and familiar with the concept of alternative media. This study investigates the relation between exposure to alternative media and knowledge of them, taking the role of APNC into account. Analyzing representative survey data of German Internet users, we find a gap: While many individuals report to use alternative media, few of them are able to name alternative media titles matching scholarly conceptions. Although the use of APNC increases self-reported exposure to alternative media, it does not improve actual knowledge of them. All in all, many Internet users have little awareness of alternative media and do not clearly distinguish between different types of sources they come across online.

scholarly journals Filling the Gaps: Spatial Interpolation of Residential Survey Data in the Estimation of Neighborhood Characteristics

Epidemiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy H. Auchincloss ◽  
Ana V. Diez Roux ◽  
Daniel G. Brown ◽  
Trivellore E. Raghunathan ◽  
Christine A. Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics

scholarly journals A Cyclist-Domain-Based Method for Evaluating the Level of Service of a Bicycle Lane

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Jun Liang ◽  
Zhongxiang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Bicycle Infrastructure ◽  
Sum Of Products ◽  
Bicycle Lane ◽  
User Comfort

Evaluating the level of service (LOS) of bicycle lanes is essential in planning, designing, and maintaining bicycle infrastructure. This study presents a new concept—the cyclist domain—for characterizing interactions between cyclists and proposes a cyclist-domain-based method for evaluating the LOS of bicycle lanes. Unlike conventional bicycle lane LOS evaluation method, which counts the weighted events numbers and may generate inaccurate results and even misleading decisions, we specified four types of overlapping cyclist domains to characterize potential impacts in various riding events. The cyclist domain influence ratio (CDIR) derived from cycling trajectories is used to measure the negative impact between cyclists. We then propose an LOS evaluation method for bicycle lanes based on CDIRs. The user comfort is defined as the sum of products of CDIRs and respective durations. The bicycle lane LOS is then evaluated by the average comfort of all users. The case study shows that the proposed method can efficiently and effectively evaluate the bicycle lane LOS.

Public Satisfaction With Police: The Importance of Procedural Justice and Police Performance in Police-Citizen Encounters

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murphy Kristina
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Police Legitimacy ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Police Performance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Satisfaction With Police

Alarge body of literature has demonstrated that when authorities use procedural justice with those they regulate, people will be more satisfied with those authorities and will be more willing to cooperate and comply with their directions and rules. In the context of policing, procedural justice has also been shown to be important for shaping citizens' views about police legitimacy, their satisfaction with police and also in fostering cooperation with police. What remains largely unexamined, however, is whether the positive effect of procedural justice varies across different types of police-citizen encounters. Using survey data collected from a national sample of 1,462 Australians, the present study will examine the relative importance of procedural justice on overall ratings of police satisfaction across two types of police-citizen encounters (citizen-initiated contacts and police-initiated contacts). It will be shown that procedural justice is most important in police-initiated contacts, while police performance is most important in citizen-initiated contacts.

scholarly journals DENIS Survey Data Probing Different Types of PNe

2003 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 47-48
Author(s):  
Stefan Schmeja ◽  
Stefan Kimeswenger
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Photometry ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Different Types

We present near-infrared photometry of a large sample of PNe and show that the IJK colours are a good tool to distinguish different classes of PNe, like nebulae around symbiotic Miras or IR-[WC] PNe from genuine PNe.

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